Abstract: A hybrid wheel loader includes: an engine that includes an output shaft; a motor/generator that includes a rotating shaft directly attached to the output shaft of the engine; a transmission that includes an input shaft attached to the rotating shaft of the motor/generator, and an output shaft; a propeller shaft disposed on an output side of the transmission and driven via the output shaft of the transmission; an electricity storage device; and a control device that stores electricity into the electricity storage device by collecting electrical energy at the motor/generator.

Abstract: The invention of the LNG-Lithium Hybrid Vehicle (LLHV) combines Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) and lithium-ion battery power sources to propel the vehicle, said vehicle having an electric series motor for acceleration and a shunt motor for cruising. An accelerator engaging arm is attached to the primary acceleration pedal for the purpose of operating the series motor and the shunt motor. The invention further provides an LNG control system that routes power from the generator to either run the vehicle or recharge the lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract: A machine having a transmission, a differential, and a drive shaft disposed therebetween has an improvement including a stator with a substantially cylindrical opening extending therethrough, and a rotor that rotates relative to the stator. The rotor is attached to the drive shaft in axial alignment, and rotation of the drive shaft causes a corresponding rotation of the rotor. At least a portion of the drive shaft extends through the opening in the stator. A semi-rigid coupling extends between the stator and the transmission.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for starting the movement of a hybrid vehicle, which has a first (1) and a second drive unit (2), the first drive unit (1) being disposed on a first sub-transmission (T2) of a twin-clutch transmission having two sub-transmissions (T1, S1; T2, S2), In order to avoid rolling backwards when starting to move the hybrid vehicle in an attempt to start the movement using the first drive unit (1), the second drive unit (2) is started when starting the movement of the hybrid vehicle using the first drive unit (1), without interrupting the stress applied on the drive train (3) comprising the twin-clutch transmission.

Abstract: A shovel includes an engine; a hydraulic pump driven by the engine; an attachment including a boom, the attachment being driven with hydraulic fluid discharged by the hydraulic pump; a motor generator configured to assist driving by the engine; an electric power accumulating part configured to accumulate electric power generated by the motor generator; a motion state detecting part configured to detect the motion state of the attachment; and an assist control part configured to control the execution of an assist by the motor generator using the electric power accumulated in the electric power accumulating part. The assist control part is configured to cause the motor generator to assist the engine during a boom raising motion after an excavation motion.

Abstract: Probe data is analyzed to derive Longitudinal Speed Profiles (LSPs) and an Optimal Longitudinal Speed Profile (18) for each road segment or link in a digital map network. The Longitudinal Speed Profiles (LSPs) profiles are calculated during defined time spans whereas the Optimal Longitudinal Speed Profile (18) is based on the LSP for the time span corresponding only to free flow traffic conditions. All of the LSPs can used to create a respective energy cost for each time span, or only the OLSP (18) can be used (or alternatively the RRDSL 16 or LRRDSL 17) to calculate an energy cost for the free flow conditions only. The energy cost can be used to predict the energy required by a vehicle to traverse the link. Navigation software can use the energy cost to plan the most energy efficient route between two locations in the digital map. Sensory signals can be activated if a driver strays from the Optimal Longitudinal Speed Profile (18) to achieve extremely high levels of energy efficiency.

Abstract: Navigation devices, methods, and programs acquire a reference position related to the traveling of a host vehicle and acquire a host vehicle condition at the reference position. The devices, methods, and programs accesses a travel information storage unit that stores travel sequences. The stored data for each travel sequences includes at least one position along the travel sequence, operation information that specifies a vehicle operation at each stored position, and vehicle condition information that specifies a vehicle condition at each stored position.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides a system and apparatus for monitoring battery status and usage to facilitate battery protection, battery repurposing and battery maintenance. Wireless interrogation of a battery's location and key attributes provides efficiencies to manage the total lifecycle of an electric vehicle battery, whether installed in a vehicle or in an environment external to the vehicle environment. A wireless battery tether, combined with a wireless battery reader, a wireless battery gateway and a centralized battery monitoring server allows management of the high-voltage battery through its lifecycle.

Abstract: A drive device for a vehicle configured between an internal combustion engine and a wheel. The drive device includes a rotary electric machine, and an engagement device connecting the drive device to the engine by a fluid coupling using hydraulic pressure. A case houses at least a portion of the drive device and includes a support wall extending radially, and a cylindrical projecting portion projecting from the support wall toward a side in an axial second direction that is in a direction opposite to the axial first direction. The engagement device includes an operating oil pressure chamber supplied with the hydraulic pressure. A rotor member of the rotary electric machine is radially supported by the cylindrical projecting portion in a rotatable state via a support bearing. The cylindrical projecting portion is formed with an operating oil supply passage supplying oil to the operating oil pressure chamber.

Abstract: A method of providing assistance for an internal combustion engine in providing driving power for a vehicle using an electric motor coupled to the engine is provided. The method comprises selectively operating the motor to provide assistance to the engine at predetermined operating conditions of the engine. The assistance provided to the engine at one or more of the predetermined operating conditions is determined based on one of a plurality of motor assistance profiles. The motor assistance profile upon which the assistance is determined is selected from among the plurality of motor assistance profiles based on an expected driving range provided by a user of the vehicle.

Abstract: A dual-powered utility vehicle that includes a gasoline engine configured to rotate a first axle that rotates at least a first wheel; an electrical motor configured to rotate a second axle that rotates at least a second wheel; and at least one battery. The at least second wheel also rotates the second axle. The at least one battery is connected to the electrical motor. The vehicle is configured such that when being moved under power from the gasoline engine, the at least second wheel of the electrical drive train is rotated by virtue of its ground contact when the gasoline engine rotates the at least first wheel. Energy created by the at least second wheel rotating is transferred to the at least one battery to recharge the battery and make available for use by the electrical motor to rotate the at least one second wheel when activated to do so.

Abstract: An in-wheel motor unit is suspended from a vehicle body and outputs torque from an internal motor to a wheel; and has a knuckle, which is suspended from the aforementioned vehicle body; an output shaft, which outputs motor torque to the wheel; a wheel hub, which rotates together with the wheel and is connected to the output shaft such that the output shaft and the wheel hub can rotate together; and a unit casing for the in-wheel motor unit, which houses the motor. The wheel hub is rotatably supported by a first part of the knuckle via a hub bearing, and the unit casing is fixed to a second part of the knuckle via a sleeve.

Abstract: A hybrid industrial vehicle performs steering operation and the like during idling stop, without using a complicated mechanism. The hybrid industrial vehicle configured to transmit power of a first electric motor (23) and power of an engine (21) to a drive wheel (34) through a first gear train (32) comprises: a second electric motor (24) actuated when supplied with electric power from a battery (22); a first hydraulic pump (26) supplying pressure oil to a cargo handling hydraulic system; a second gear train (28) interposed among the engine and the second electric motor and the first hydraulic pump and capable of mutual power transmission among the engine, the second electric motor and the first hydraulic pump; a second hydraulic pump (27) supplying pressure oil to a steering hydraulic system; and a third electric motor (25) actuated to drive the second hydraulic pump when supplied with electric power from the battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modular system of a drivetrain of a motor vehicle, having an internal combustion engine (3) which has a dual-mass flywheel (5) with a hub (4), having a transmission (8) and having a hybrid module (10) which has an electric motor (9), wherein the transmission (8) has a transmission input shaft (6) and the hybrid module (10) has a hybrid module input shaft (7), wherein the transmission (8) or the hybrid module (10) can be connected alternatively with its respective input shaft (6, 7) to the hub (4) of the dual-mass flywheel (5). Particularly flexible production is made possible in this way.

Abstract: A construction machine includes an engine unit, a body frame, and mounting portions. The engine unit includes an engine, a hydraulic pump driven by drive force of the engine, and a generator motor disposed between the engine and the hydraulic pump. The generator motor has a rotary shaft connected to an input shaft of the hydraulic pump and to an output shaft of the engine and a first housing fixed on an engine side and a second housing fixed on a hydraulic pump side. The engine is installed on the body frame. The mounting portions are provided to the engine and to the first housing to support the engine unit on the body frame.

Abstract: There is provided a controller for a steering device that makes it possible to prevent sudden ceasing of steering assisting power by effectively utilizing an auxiliary power source. An electric power steering device that generates steering assist force by a motor includes a battery for supplying electric power to the motor, an auxiliary power source that supplies the motor with electric power, and a control circuit for controlling a power supply to the motor. In the event of a breakdown of the battery, the control circuit adjusts a power supply to the motor from the auxiliary power source according to an amount of energy remaining in the auxiliary power source so as to reduce steering assist force.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission is operative to transfer power between an input member and a torque machine and an output member. A method for controlling the powertrain system during a braking event includes evaluating candidate input torques. An output torque reactable through the transmission to the driveline and limited within the range of permissible output torques is determined for the candidate engine input torque. A preferred input torque is determined.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for increasing the fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine including an electric motor and storage batteries to create a hybrid assist vehicle. The electric motor aids in the rotation of the components of the internal combustion engine including the engine crankshaft or drivetrain, and a control system aids in operation of the electric motor thereby reducing the consumption of fuel by the internal combustion engine. The apparatus and method may be used to provide electrical energy to a device separate from the components of the control system.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a battery, an electric power reception unit receiving electric power from an electric power transmission unit external to the vehicle, and a motor generator driven by the electric power supplied from the battery and the electric power supplied from the electric power reception unit. The control device calculates the first electric power that can be output from the battery, calculates the second electric power that can be charged from outside based on the transmittable electric power of the electric power transmission unit and the chargeable electric power of the electric power reception unit, obtains the sum of the first electric power and the second electric power as electric power suppliable from a power supply, and performs drive control of a motor generator based on the electric power suppliable from a power supply.

Abstract: When the actuator drive torque of a hydraulic pump is lower than a switching torque ?0, a controller closes a solenoid switching valve and makes a rotary electric machine function as a generator. With the increase in the actuator drive torque, the controller controls a pressure compensated flow control valve so that the flow rate of hydraulic fluid supplied from the hydraulic pump to a rotary hydraulic device decreases. When the actuator drive torque is higher than the switching torque, the controller opens the solenoid switching valve, makes the rotary electric machine function as an electric motor, and controls the pressure compensated flow control valve so that the hydraulic fluid discharged by the hydraulic pump is not supplied to the rotary hydraulic device. Consequently, shocks due to flow rate fluctuation are prevented when operational states of the rotary hydraulic device and the rotary electric machine are switched.

Abstract: A method of supplying mechanical power to an operating gas turbine engine includes supplying mechanical power from the operating gas turbine engine to a starter-generator, to thereby generate electrical power using the starter-generator. One or more operational parameters of the operating gas turbine engine are sensed and, based on the one or more sensed operational parameters, electrical power is selectively supplied to the starter-generator to thereby generate and supply mechanical output power to the operating gas turbine engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power generating apparatus and method for assisting an engine, capable of supplying auxiliary power to an engine transmission shaft when the engine is transmitting power to the engine transmission shaft via a gearbox. The power generating apparatus comprises: a power supply unit for providing a high voltage power source; a driver for converting the high voltage power source into a driving power source and transmitting same; and a direct-current motor for converting the driving power source transmitted by the driver into the auxiliary power to be transmitted to the engine transmission shaft; wherein the rotational speed of the direct-current motor driving the engine transmission shaft is enabled to be higher than that of the engine driving the engine transmission shaft, so as to supply the auxiliary power to the engine transmission shaft.

Abstract: A construction machine includes an engine, a hydraulic pump driven by drive force of the engine, a generator motor, and a dipstick tube. The generator motor is disposed between the engine and the hydraulic pump. The generator motor has a rotary shaft connected to an input shaft of the hydraulic pump and to an output shaft of the engine and an oil pan disposed in a lower part of a holding space formed inside a housing. The dipstick tube has a connector provided at a location that communicates with the oil pan of the generator motor, and a dipstick opening disposed above the generator motor, for checking a level of oil in the oil pan.

Abstract: A vehicle with electric wheel hub motors for one or more wheels for operation to provide drive at low vehicle speeds and to supplement one or more primary drive motors which drive other wheels of the vehicle through all desired vehicle speeds including the low vehicle speeds and vehicle speeds higher than the low speeds.

Abstract: Methods and arrangements for controlling hybrid powertrains are described. In one aspect, an engine is alternatingly operated at different effective displacements. One displacement delivers less than a requested powertrain output and the other delivers more. A motor/generator system is used to add and subtract torque to/from the powertrain to cause the net delivery of the requested powertrain output. In some embodiments, energy added and subtracted from the powertrain is primarily drawn from and stored in a capacitor (e.g., a supercapacitor or an ultracapacitor) when alternating between effective displacements. In another aspect a hybrid powertrain arrangement includes an engine a motor/generator and an energy storage system that includes both a battery and a capacitor. The capacitor stores and delivers electrical energy to the motor/generator unit during operation of the engine in a variable displacement or skip fire mode.

Abstract: A method of providing assistance to an internal combustion engine for a vehicle using an electric motor coupled to the engine is provided. The method comprises selectively operating the motor to provide assistance to the engine at predetermined operating conditions of the engine. During at least a portion of the selective operation, the motor is operated at a higher torque than a continuous operating torque rating for the motor. The electric motor is coupled to a crankshaft of the engine at a first side of the engine and a transmission is coupled to the crankshaft at a second side of the engine opposite the first side of the engine.

Abstract: A hybrid wheel loader includes: an engine that includes an output shaft; a motor/generator that includes a rotating shaft directly attached to the output shaft of the engine; a transmission that includes an input shaft attached to the rotating shaft of the motor/generator, and an output shaft; a propeller shaft disposed on an output side of the transmission and driven via the output shaft of the transmission; an electricity storage device; and a control device that stores electricity into the electricity storage device by collecting electrical energy at the motor/generator.

Abstract: A hybrid saddle-type vehicle is provided with a drive power transmitting mechanism for transmitting a power of an internal combustion engine from one side of a swing arm in a widthwise direction of a vehicle to a drive shaft of a rear wheel and an electric motor for transmitting a driving force from the other side in the widthwise direction to the drive shaft. One end portion in the widthwise direction extending in an axial direction from a motor housing accommodating a stator and a rotor of the electric motor is fitted with an outer hub in a radially contacting manner, and a rotating shaft of the electric motor is connected to the drive shaft to transmit the driving force.

Abstract: The invention essentially relates to a method for optimising the recharging of a hybrid vehicle battery. When the clutch (10) is in the open position and/or when the gearbox (8) is in neutral, the heat engine (7) is at idling speed (W1) by default when the charge status (SOC) of the high-voltage battery (19) is below a parameterisable threshold or a raised idling speed (W2) when the charge status (SOC) of the high-voltage battery (19) is above the parameterisable threshold in order to increase the power generated by the first electrical machine (11) in order to recharge the battery.

Abstract: A method is for controlling the torque of a hybrid drive unit, which includes a combustion engine and at least one electric machine capable of being operated alternatively as a motor or as a generator. The electric machine, when operated as a motor, is powered by an energy storage device and supplies a positive electric motor torque which together with a combustion engine torque of the combustion engine produces a total drive torque of the hybrid drive unit. A hybrid drive unit includes a respective torque control. In the event that a desired torque is greater than a consumption-optimized combustion engine maximum torque, the electric machine is operated as a motor having an electric motor torque. An electric motor maximum torque is specified as a function of at least one state parameter of the energy storage device.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system includes: an engine with a plurality of pistons; a variable load driven by rotary power from the engine, the load including one or more of a pump, an air conditioner; and a fan; aftertreatment equipment to control exhaust emission from the engine; a sensor to provide a sensor signal corresponding to temperature of exhaust from the engine; and a controller coupled to the sensor and operable to regulate a regeneration operation of one or more components of the aftertreatment equipment. The controller responds to the sensor signal to generate one or more control signals to adjust the variable load to increase loading of the engine and correspondingly raise the temperature of the exhaust for the regeneration operation.

Abstract: A method of operating a motor vehicle drivetrain having, along a power flow, an internal combustion engine, a clutch, an electric motor, a transmission and a drive output. The transmission is associated with a main and auxiliary hydraulic pumps, and an internal or an external starting element. When the engine is at rest and the clutch and starting element are both disengaged, to start with the electric motor, with the brake pedal actuated, the auxiliary hydraulic pump is operated at a first power level to supply the transmission with pressure for maintaining a defined gear. Then, upon recognizing a desire to start, the auxiliary hydraulic pump is changed from a first to a second power level to supply pressure to the transmission to produce starting torque and, only after lapse of a time interval, is the speed of the motor increased to produce the desired starting power or torque.

Abstract: In requirement of catalyst degradation control with setting of a catalyst degradation control flag Fc to 1, the braking control of the invention sets torque commands Tm1* and Tm2* of two motors and controls the operations of an engine and the two motors to shift a drive point of the engine on an optimum fuel consumption operation curve by a preset rotation speed variation Nrt1 in a specific range of rotation speed that ensures no occurrence of a misfire in the engine within an input limit Win of a battery and to ensure output of a braking torque demand Tr* to a ring gear shaft or driveshaft (steps S200 to S250). Such braking control stably lowers a rotation speed Ne of the engine to a target rotation speed Ne* and desirably enhances the fuel consumption under the catalyst degradation control.

Abstract: In a method for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine, a target torque to be produced is determined in several steps: In a first step a torque requested by a user is determined and modified in subsequent steps by different functions, which reproduce the influences of at least one continuously determined working and/or operating parameter of the engine on the torque that is actually produced, in such a way that at the end of the steps the target torque required during the engine operation is defined and the engine operation and the determination of the working and/or operating parameter are monitored for errors. If errors occur, diagnostic values that describe or indicate the errors are generated and used to modify, in particular limit the target torque. The diagnostic values are individually assigned to the individual steps to modify the determination or modification of the torque performed in each step.

Abstract: A multi-speed hybrid transmission includes a main gearset connected to a vehicle gas combustible engine and providing torque to an output shaft. The transmission also includes an electric drive unit comprising an electric motor that is selectably connectable to the output shaft to provide additional torque to the output shaft. When connected to the output shaft, the electric drive unit improves vehicle performance under certain driving conditions (e.g., high boost in low gear or in upper gears) while also improving fuel efficiency.

Abstract: An object is to provide a work vehicle whose drive portion can be downsized.

Abstract: A power transmitting device having a main input shaft selectively connected to an output shaft of an engine by a main clutch CM; first and second sub input shafts disposed coaxially and selectively connected to the main input shaft by clutches C1 and C2, respectively; an output shaft connected to the first and second sub input shafts via a pair of gears, respectively, and outputting motive power to driving wheels via a counter shaft; and a deceleration mechanism configured to be capable of differentially rotating a sun gear, which is connected to the main input shaft and an electric motor, a ring gear, and a carrier, which is connected to the first sub input shaft, with respect to one another and transmitting the motive power to the output shaft via the carrier. A brake B capable of locking the ring gear is connected to the ring gear.

Abstract: A hybrid drive for vehicles includes at least a main engine, especially an internal combustion engine, a generator, an electric engine, and a planetary transmission including a sun wheel, an internal-geared wheel, a planet carrier, and planet wheels. The planetary transmission also includes at least one output shaft. For a first driving mode of the vehicle, the drive shafts of the main engine and the electric engine are coupled to the sun wheel of the planetary transmission, for the addition of the torques, and, for another driving mode of one of the engines, one of the two engines can be coupled to the internal-geared wheel of the planetary transmission in a non-positive manner, for the mechanical addition of the rotational speeds according to the superposition principle.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle includes two front wheels, two rear wheels, an internal combustion engine, a first motor/generator, and a second motor/generator. The first motor/generator may be rotatably coupled to the internal combustion engine, and the second motor/generator may be rotatably coupled to at least one wheel of the hybrid vehicle. The first motor/generator, the second motor/generator and a gear transmission are housed within the engine compartment and are located between two front wheels and arranged in a substantially linear manner. The first motor/generator, the second motor/generator, and the gear transmission are located substantially above a centerline of the front wheels of the vehicle.

Abstract: A hybrid construction machine includes an engine, a hydraulic pump configured to be driven by the engine, a hydraulic actuator configured to be driven with a hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pump, an electric motor configured to assist the driving of the engine, and a generator configured to be driven by the engine to generate power. The number of revolutions of the engine is caused to vary in accordance with the size of a load on the engine. In response to a decrease in the load requested of the engine, the engine is decelerated by causing the generator to generate power. In response to an increase in the load requested of the engine, the engine is accelerated by assisting the engine by driving the electric motor.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an engine block for internal combustion, a turbocharger for delivering pressurized intake air to the engine block, a turbogenerator for recovering heat energy from the exhaust gas downstream of the turbocharger to generate electricity, and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system comprising an EGR-pump drawing exhaust gas from an EGR inlet located between the turbocharger and the turbogenerator, wherein the EGR-pump controllably delivers exhaust gas to an EGR mixer in the pressurized intake air stream at a location between the turbocharger and the engine block. An electronic control unit (ECU) is adapted to command the EGR-pump to deliver a desired EGR flow-rate to the engine block based on look-up tables and either open-loop and/or closed-loop control algorithms.

Abstract: A method of providing assistance to an internal combustion engine for a vehicle using an electric motor coupled to the engine is provided. The method comprises selectively operating the motor to provide assistance to the engine at predetermined operating conditions of the engine. During at least a portion of the selective operation, the motor is operated at a higher torque than a continuous operating torque rating for the motor. The electric motor is coupled to a crankshaft of the engine at a first side of the engine and a transmission is coupled to the crankshaft at a second side of the engine opposite the first side of the engine.

Abstract: An oil-cooled motor/generator for an automotive powertrain located outside of the transmission is provided, such as a BAS motor/generator. The motor/generator may have a stator, a rotor circumscribed by the stator, and a motor shaft on which the rotor is mounted for rotation. A housing assembly may surround the stator and the rotor, with a bearing positioned between the housing assembly and the motor shaft. A flow control member may at least partially circumscribe the rotor axially adjacent the stator. A bearing retainer may be positioned axially adjacent the bearing. A rotor end ring may be axially adjacent the rotor. The housing assembly may have an inlet configured to receive cooling oil. The housing assembly, the flow control member, the bearing retainer and the rotor end ring may be configured to distribute the cooling oil from the inlet to cool the stator, the rotor and the bearing.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle is disclosed. The hybrid vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine having a peak power rating and an electric motor coupled to the internal combustion engine for assisting the internal combustion engine in rotating a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. The electric motor has a continuous power rating that less than approximately one tenth of the peak power rating of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method of providing assistance to an internal combustion engine for a vehicle using an electric motor coupled to the engine is provided. The method comprises predicting a driving range based on historical driving range data. The historical driving range data includes one or more distances that the vehicle was driven during one or more previous driving cycles. The method further comprises selectively operating the motor to provide assistance to the engine at predetermined operating conditions of the engine. The assistance provided to the engine at one or more of the predetermined operating conditions is determined based at least in part on the predicted driving range.

Abstract: A method of providing assistance for an internal combustion engine in providing driving power for a vehicle using an electric motor coupled to the engine is provided. The method comprises selectively operating the motor to provide assistance to the engine at predetermined operating conditions of the engine. The assistance provided to the engine at one or more of the predetermined operating conditions is determined based on one of a plurality of motor assistance profiles. The motor assistance profile upon which the assistance is determined is selected from among the plurality of motor assistance profiles based on an expected driving range provided by a user of the vehicle.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle is disclosed. The hybrid vehicle comprises a prime mover having an output shaft. The output shaft has a first end and an opposite second end. The hybrid vehicle also comprises a transmission coupled to the first end of the output shaft, a first energy storage device, an alternator coupled to the second end of the output shaft and configured to power one or more electrical systems of the vehicle and charge the first energy storage device, a motor coupled to the second end of the output shaft and configured to assist the prime mover in rotating the output shaft, a second energy storage device configured to provide power to the motor and a motor control unit configured to control the amount of power delivered from the energy storage device to the motor.

Abstract: Described herein are devices, systems, and methods for managing the power consumption of an automotive vehicle, and thereby for optimizing the power consumption of the vehicle. The devices and systems for managing the power consumption of the vehicle typically include power management logic that can calculate an applied power for the vehicle engine based on information provided from the external environment of the vehicle, the operational status of the vehicle, one or more command inputs from a driver, and one or more operational parameters of the vehicle.

Abstract: A front and rear wheel drive vehicle having a front wheel pair and a rear wheel pair, one of which is driven with an engine and the other one of which is driven with a motor. The vehicle includes an engine driving force setting section which sets a target driving force of the engine based on driving conditions of the vehicle, a motor driving force setting section which sets a target driving force of the motor based on driving conditions of the vehicle and a control section of the motor in accordance with changes of the target engine driving force and the target motor driving force.

Abstract: A motorcycle that transmits a rotation of an engine to a driving wheel via a power transmission device having a main clutch comprises a sub-clutch inserted between the power transmission device and an output shaft of the engine and a motor generator having a rotating shaft coupled to the power transmission device and is comprised so that the rotating shaft of the motor generator is coupled to the engine via the sub-clutch and to the driving wheel via the main clutch, and the motorcycle can be moved backward by turning off the sub-clutch and transmitting a rotation of the motor generator to the driving wheel via the main clutch.