Abstract: A glove sander comprising: an ambidextrous glove, an inner liner, and a sand layer, the ambidextrous glove having a thumb compartment, an index finger compartment, a middle finger compartment, a ring finger compartment, a pinky compartment and a hand region generally housing a user's hand extending to a user's wrist region, the inner liner comprised of a fabric which is affixed to the ambidextrous glove, the inner liner being housed within the ambidextrous glove and approximating the general inner space of the ambidextrous glove; the sand layer affixed to the outer surface of the ambidextrous glove, the sand layer extending from the wrist region to the finger and thumb compartments on both sides of the ambidextrous glove and in between the finger and thumb compartments.

Abstract: The present invention provides waterproof, breathable non-textile seamed articles which exhibit high levels of durability and allow wearers a high level of flexibility and article strength. This invention is of particular interest for use in dexterous hand coverings and conformable foot coverings.

Abstract: The protective glove according to the invention is characterized in that it includes at least one resilient member (17) integral with the chain mail fabric, arranged to draw the chain mail fabric of at least one of the glove fingers (16) in the direction or substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis thereof and toward the wrist portion (12). Preferably, the resilient member or members (17) are disposed on the portion (11) intended to cover the hand. These resilient member or members (17), preferably in the form of a flat spring, of pin type, enable the chain mail to fit at best the fingers of the hand and enable in particular to limit, or even eliminate, the presence of an excess of chain mail at the end of the glove user fingers.

Abstract: A glove that can be used as a conventional glove, or, alternatively, if the glove is to be used for special purposes, can be modified to include shaped articles comprising yieldably deformable, shaped-inserts of different configuration constructed from foamed cushion material having a memory. These shaped articles can be selectively inserted into strategically located, internal pockets formed internally and externally of the glove. When the shaped-inserts are in position within the pockets of the glove, they provide protection to the hand, provide superior tactile perception and also tend to substantially replicate the surface features exhibited by the device being gripped by the user.

Abstract: A temperature sensing glove (101), comprising (a) a temperature sensor (131); (b) a plurality of memory locations; and (c) assigning means (121, 123) for assigning a temperature reading made by the temperature sensor to one of the plurality of memory locations.

Abstract: A disposable mitt or glove for treating hard surfaces. The mitt or glove includes at least two layers and a treatment composition. The layers may be laminated, co-extruded, or otherwise attached. The outer layer is preferably nonwoven. The mitt or glove may be lined with tack points to control hand movement and may have an ultrasonically bonded cuff area. More particularly, the present invention relates to a disposable treatment mitt or glove and set of instructions for treating household surfaces or automobiles.

Abstract: A knitted glove made by creating each of the sections of the glove using a separate knitting course on a flat knitting machine providing variable stitch dimensions. Each of these sections provides its own designed stretch characteristics so that the glove fits tightly, yet provides flexibility and ease of movement. The variable stitch dimension is achieved by 1) varying the depth of penetration of a knitting needle into a fabric being knitted by a computer program, 2) adjusting the tension of yarn between a pinch roller and a knitting head by a mechanism controlled by a computer, and 3) casting off or picking up additional stitches in a course. The glove includes a plurality of finger components made from at least ten separately knitted sections, two palm components, each of which is made from at least two separately knitted sections, and a wrist component made from at least one knitted section.

Abstract: A system is provided for allowing a worker to choose a glove or pair of gloves from an array of glove styles. The array has a variety of gloves having one or more different enhancements. A worker can choose the glove that best fits their need for each hand. The glove enhancements can include but are not limited to one or more of a variety of performance and protection enhancements including: high dexterity, heat resistance, padding, cut resistance, cold protection, water resistance, puncture resistance, or gripper texture.

Abstract: A cycling hand glove includes a main glove element having a palm surface; and a palm pad provided on the palm surface and having at least one aeration aperture therein exposing at least one of the main glove element and the hand of the cyclist inserted into the hand glove.

Abstract: A reusable glove holder device includes: (a) a belt loop portion at an upper end of the glove holder device; (b) a backbone portion extending downward in a generally vertical direction from the belt loop portion; (c) at least two corresponding strips of hook and loop material, each of the corresponding strips extending out from an opposite side of a base of the backbone portion in a generally horizontal direction; (d) at least one finger release strap attached to a first end of at least one of the at least two corresponding strips; and preferably (e) a sheath within the backbone portion.

Abstract: A glove for disposing of waste includes an open end, a plurality of finger pockets, and a closure on the open end. The glove may be sufficiently flexible to be inverted upon removal from a hand, the closure configured for closing the open end when the glove is inverted. The closure may include a mating protrusion and channel, similar to a zip-lock closure, a drawstring, or a strap. Optionally, the glove may include a decorative pattern that is exposed when the glove is inverted and/or a handle for carrying the glove. During use, a wearer's hand is inserted into the open end, waste material is grabbed by the wearer's hand, the glove is inverted, e.g., during removal from the hand, to capture the waste material within the inverted glove, and the open end of the glove is closed with the waste material therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glove, in particular for housework, the glove being made integrally of silicone material comprising a main pocket designed to receive four fingers of a user, and a secondary pocket designed to receive the thumb, said secondary pocket opening out into the main pocket, the glove including projecting ribs or reinforcement on at least one of its inside or outside surfaces.

Abstract: A portable work station is convertible between a collapsed condition suitable for storage and transport and an expanded condition suitable for use as a work bench. The work station includes a central panel serving as a work table or bench positionable in generally horizontal plane when the work station is expanded. The central panel defines two opposing generally parallel ends. Legs at one of the parallel ends are movable between collapsed conditions within the collapsed work station and generally vertical positions when the work station is expanded for use as a work bench or table. A storage device is provided at the other end of the parallel ends movable between a collapsed condition substantially in parallel planes with the work table or bench and an extended condition substantially normal to the work table or bench. The storage device includes storage compartments or bins for storing tools, hardware or the like in the expanded condition of the work station.

Abstract: A pair of gloves include a first glove member, a first binding member mounted on the first glove member, a second glove member separated from the first glove member, and a second binding member mounted on the second glove member and detachably combined with the first binding member to connect the second glove member with the first glove member. Thus, the first glove member and the second glove member are combined together by connection of the first binding member with the second binding member, so that when the first glove member and the second glove member straddle an object, the first entrance of the first glove member and the second entrance of the second glove member suspend downward freely by the gravity, thereby facilitating a user hanging and storing the gloves.

Abstract: A kit for application of self-tanning preparations includes a self-tanning composition and an application glove for applying the composition to the skin which is constructed from fabric including microfibers of 1 denier or less. The inner surface of the glove has a liner of an impermeable flexible material adhered thereto. The microfiber fabric can be knit or woven, and can be cellulosic fiber, polyester or other synthetic fiber, or a combination of mechanical or intimate blends. In a preferred embodiment, the microfiber fabric is 85% polyester and 15% spandex, with the technical front including polyester microfiber yarn of 1 denier or less. The technical front of the fabric forms the application surface of the glove. The kit can include a cleansing/exfoliating composition, at least one disposable plastic glove for handling the application glove after use, a disposable tray for receiving the glove after use and a moisturizing preparation for the skin.

Abstract: An apparatus including an inner face, an outer face coupled to the inner face, an opening for receiving a hand of a wearer, and means for separating the pocket created by the coupling of the inner and outer face such that the apparatus fits securely around the wearer hand. A thumb covering is connected to the apparatus in order to allow the wearer to fully use an opposable thumb.

Abstract: A work glove is disclosed that has an outer layer with a seam stitched with a high strength thread, an inner fabric layer and an intermediate liquid resistant layer therebetween. The liquid resistant layer and the fabric layer present a glove lining secured within the outer layer, with the fabric layer adapted to receive a wearer's hand. The glove preferably also has a cuff secured to an open end of the outer glove layer by a second seam stitched with the high strength thread.

Abstract: This invention relates to kitchen gloves for commercial, industrial and/or home use, and related uses requiring waterproof gloves or mitts with high, and low, temperature resistance; this invention also relates to mitts or puppets that have a high wear and high heat resistant material, yet can still grip.

Abstract: A protective glove (10) is provided for use by a firefighter or other emergency worker. The glove (10) includes an outer shell (22), at least one liner (24, 28, 30) located inside of the outer shell (22), and a dead air space (34) located inside of the outer shell (22).

Abstract: A personal protective garment, preferably a glove, for protecting at least a portion of the body of a wearer is disclosed. The garment comprises a liner, an overlayer and at least one covering layer. The liner comprises a flexible material and is adapted to be worn on at least a portion of the body of the wearer. The overlayer comprises a milled polymer and is adapted to cover at least a portion of the liner and is secured to the liner. The covering layer comprises a polymer and is adhering to and covering at least a portion of the overlayer. The milled polymer is preferably milled rubber. Also disclosed is a method of making a personal protective garment, preferably a glove.

Abstract: The invention concerns an article for protecting the user from risks associated with the handling of chemicals, and comprising: (i) at least one inner layer of a material selected among natural and synthetic latexes; (ii) at least one partly hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer, having an hydrolysis rate ranging between 70 and 95%; (iii) at least one self-crosslinking synthetic latex layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for keyboarding and more particularly to glove(s) for keyboarding and data entry. Keyboards are used extensively by both non-professional and professional people. The keyboard glove(s) will provide relief from the tension of the tendons in the fingers, palms, wrists and arms, and will also assist people who have arthritic fingers or other medical conditions that hinder their ability to keyboard. The keyboard gloves invention includes finger posts to allow accurate contact to the keys without strain. The resting pad allows the user to experience comfort during keying. The keyboard gloves are made with various self-breathing, various self-adjusting material and adjusting strap to allow the user a high level of comfort while using the gloves. The keyboard gloves allow the user to experience keyboarding in comfort.

Abstract: A heat-resistant fabric according to the present invention is a knitted or woven fabric including a heat-resistant fiber yarn and a fancy twist yarn. The heat-resistant fiber yarn is present more on one surface, and the fancy twist yarn is present more on the other surface. A heat-resistant glove according to the present invention is formed of a knitted fabric including a heat-resistant fiber yarn (11) and a fancy twist yarn (12). The knitted fabric is a knit, and the heat-resistant fiber yarn (11) is present more on an outer surface, and the fancy twist yarn (12) is present more on an inner surface. The heat-resistant fabric, a garment, and the heat-resistant glove have air permeability and good workability and are washable.

Abstract: This invention discloses a flame and heat resistant work glove that includes improved articulation systems for easier flexing of the finger joints and impact protection to safeguard the wearer's hands.

Abstract: Disclosed is a glove (1, 10), in particular a bicycle glove, with a thumb (5) and a forefinger (6). To improve such a glove so that pressure spots are avoided during usage of the glove it is proposed to fasten a padding (7a, 17a) in the region of grip-load of the thumb crotch (B) between the thumb (5) and the finger (6).

Abstract: A protective glove is provided made substantially from a laminate material. The laminate material includes a plurality of elastic strands. A first nonwoven web is attached to the plurality of elastic strands so that in a relaxed state of the elastic strands and the first nonwoven web at least one wrinkle is formed in the first nonwoven web. A second nonwoven web is also provided and is attached to the plurality of elastic strands so that in a relaxed state of the elastic strands and the second nonwoven web at least one wrinkle is formed in the second nonwoven web. The elastic strands, first nonwoven web and second nonwoven web form a laminate that is stretchable and permeable to liquid. A method of manufacture of a protective glove is also provided.

Abstract: A kit for application of self-tanning preparations includes a self-tanning composition and an application glove for applying the composition to the skin which is constructed from fabric including microfibers of 1 denier or less. The inner surface of the glove has a liner of an impermeable flexible material adhered thereto. The microfiber fabric can be knit or woven, and can be cellulosic fiber, polyester or other synthetic fiber, or a combination of mechanical or intimate blends. In a preferred embodiment, the microfiber fabric is 85% polyester and 15% spandex, with the technical front including polyester microfiber yarn of 1 denier or less. The technical front of the fabric forms the application surface of the glove. The kit can include a cleansing/exfoliating composition, at least one disposable plastic glove for handling the application glove after use, a disposable tray for receiving the glove after use and a moisturizing preparation for the skin.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a glove in which palm-side and back-side fiber materials are formed as materials that have different tensile elongation percentage or drying shrinkage percentages, a stitched liner is manufactured by stitching these fiber materials together, in a state in which this stitched liner is mounted on a hand mold, specified locations on the surface of this liner are covered with a rubber or resin coating material so that the stitching seams on the fingertips are fixed in positions that are shifted further toward at least the back side than the positions corresponding to tips of the fingernails, and the method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A glove for removing detachable material from an object such as a vegetable, e.g., for removing the skin of a potato. The glove is either knitted or twilled of at least one thread of at least one elastic, plastic material. The glove is manufactured by providing the at least one plastic material, knitting or twilling the glove, and finally heat treating the glove to cure the texture of the glove to a predetermined surface hardness depending on the object from which detachable material is to be removed.

Abstract: A protective apparatus for a person's hand. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a glove having a front and a back side, and wherein the glove has finger compartments. The apparatus includes a cover attached to the back side of the glove and the finger compartments so that a palm pocket and finger pockets are formed. A palm pad is inserted between the glove's back side and the cover, and wherein the palm pad is configured to be adjacent the palm pocket. The apparatus further comprises finger pads inserted between the glove's back side and the cover. The finger pads are configured to be inserted into the finger pockets. The apparatus further comprises a throat member for binding together the glove and the cover. The palm pad has a first density layer joined to a second density layer.

Abstract: A protective glove having a protective function against toxic chemical agents, especially chemical warfare agents, and a multilayer construction including a breathable layer is disclosed. The glove has a support layer and a barrier layer, which is assigned to the support layer and which faces the hand when the glove is worn, prevents or at least retards the passage of toxic chemical agents, and contains an adsorption layer based on an adsorbent material, such as activated carbon, which adsorbs toxic chemical agents. The barrier layer has, in addition to the adsorption layer, a membrane, which is at least preferably impermeable to water and air, but permeable to water vapor, and which retards the passage of toxic chemical agents or is at least essentially impermeable to toxic chemical agents. The membrane is arranged between the support layer and the adsorption layer.

Abstract: A protective glove for working environments includes a protective member that cushions parts of the wearer's hand from impacts. The glove can be formed of a hollow shell defining a cavity that is configured to receive the hand of the wearer. The shell can be formed of nonwoven material other flexible, extensible material. The glove can include a protective member that can be formed of a layer of perforated foam material that has been attached to at least one portion of the glove. When attached to the glove to provide protection against impacts to the wearer's hand, the protective member is breathable and extensible when the glove is worn.

Abstract: A protective device including a protective sheet having a general rectangular shape, cut into which are four circular openings positioned in an aligned manner level with its transverse median axis which connects the middle of each of the lengths, the four openings separating the protective sheet into a first part known as the palmar part and a second part known as the dorsal part; the protective sheet being coated on one of its sides with a hypoallergenic adhesive; and a peelable film whose longitudinal and transverse dimensions are equal to those of the protective sheet superposed on the side of the protective sheet coated with the hypoallergenic adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention is a modified glove with control/grip-enhancing and perspiration retention properties, offering the bowler a range of functions and options specific to the individual bowler's abilities, equipment selection (i.e. bowling ball), and the lane conditions faced. An elastomeric, control/grip-enhancing material circumferences the fingertips of at least one finger, providing a similar shape and feel to the commonly used, cylindrical inserts/grips; the glove designed to be used in lieu of finger inserts. The present glove invention can be interchangeable between right and left-handed bowlers of approximately the same hand size. The perspiration retentive fabric combined with the elastomeric, control/grip-enhancing material eliminates or significantly reduces perspiration from an otherwise naked inserted finger, which normally has contact with the hole(s) of a bowling ball.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a safety glove including: an inner shell adapted to be in direct contact with the wearer' hand, the inner shell being made of a general fiber material; an outer shell adapted to be in direct contact with an object or tool, the outer shell being made of a cotton material that is reinforced and coated at the inside thereof; and a plurality of safety elements made of a metal material or a reinforced plastic material and having chevron patterns and inverted chevron patterns cut to a given size, the chevron patterns being disposed in first rows and the inverted chevron patterns being disposed in second rows, the first rows and the second rows being arranged symmetrically with each other, the chevron patterns of the first rows and the inverted chevron patterns of the second rows being interleaved with each other in an symmetrical fashion in such a manner that an inverted chevron pattern is positioned above and below the space between two adjacent chevron patterns , respective

Abstract: The present invention provides a baseball glove to absorb the impact force received by the thumb from the ball when catching, and the force received by the thumb from a runner when a touch playing, in a state in which the user experiences no strange sensation. A baseball glove, having a thumb pocket disposed inside the glove main body, and a thumb catching member disposed in the interior of the abovementioned thumb pocket, wherein a soft member which is constructed in a substantially tubular shape so as to cover the thumb that is inserted into this thumb pocket is disposed in the space in which the abovementioned thumb catching member is disposed within the internal space of the abovementioned thumb pocket with the dimension of this soft member in the longitudinal direction being set equal to or longer than the length dimension of this thumb catching member.

Abstract: An example cleaning glove includes a glove having a palm portion and at least one finger portion extending from the palm portion. Each of the palm portion and the finger portion has a front surface and a back surface. An abrasive layer is secured to the front surface of the palm portion, and the front surface and the back surface of the finger portion. The example cleaning glove may be used to clean many surfaces (e.g., dishes, countertops, etc.) and in many cleaning environments (e.g., public areas, restrooms, hospitals, etc.).

Abstract: A hand-held apparatus for directing the flow of traffic is disclosed. The palm side of a glove includes multiple high intensity red light emitting diodes (LEDs), and the back side of the glove includes multiple high intensity green LEDs. A control circuit coupled to the red and green high intensity LEDs periodically monitors the state of a motion and position sensor. When the state of the motion and position sensor corresponds to the palm side of the glove being in a vertical position with multiple fingers of the glove pointing skyward to within an acceptance angle of vertical relative to the ground, the control circuit illuminates the high intensity red LEDs. When the state of the motion and position sensor corresponds to the palm side of the glove not being in a vertical position relative to the ground, the control circuit illuminates the high intensity green LEDs.

Abstract: A hand grip and arm protection device composed of a water-resistant and stain-proof material, having temperature control characteristics and having a pair of sheets, with each sheet having a textured, recessed imprint on one surface providing a non-slip contact surface, while the opposite surface of the sheet, composed of a close fabricated fabric, is affixed to the sheet of textured, non-slip contact surface material. The fabric sheet of nylon/polyester composition is affixed to the non-slip contact surface sheet composed of a chloride rubber composition. The two-piece pair of sheets are sewn together by means of a zigzag lock stitch employing nylon thread. Both exterior surfaces include a cross-cut textured recessed imprint.

Abstract: A pair of gloves for keeping fingers clean during the eating of juicy foods includes a left-hand glove having a first pocket for receiving a left thumb, a second pocket for receiving a left index finger, and a third pocket for receiving a left middle finger and a right-hand glove having a first pocket for receiving a right thumb, a second pocket for receiving a right index finger, and a third pocket for receiving a right middle finger. The ring and little fingers of a user's hands are not protected and are held in spaced apart relation to the food during consumption. The gloves are made from whole gloves formed of a thin vinyl by cutting off the pockets for receiving the ring and little fingers of each hand.

Abstract: A kitchen grip is composed of a water-proof and stain-proof material, having temperature control characteristics. A sheet having a smooth or textured and recessed imprint on one surface provides a non-slip contact surface, while the opposite surface of the sheet is composed of a close fabricated fabric affixed to the sheet of textured, non-slip contact surface material. The sheets are die cut to a useful shape. The two sheets are joined together by a zigzag lock or straight stitch employing nylon thread, by sonic welding or gluing.

Abstract: This patent discloses a work glove to retrieve, manipulate, and hold small metal articles. The work glove may include a palm protector, a thumb cover, an index cover, a middle cover, a ring cover, and a pinky cover. Each cover may allow a portion of the thumb and the digits to be exposed to the local environment. The work glove may include a handling tool having a base, a hood, and a tether attached between the base and the hood. The base may be attached to the front of the palm protector. The may include a pocket configured to fit about one of the thumb and digits of the human hand. A handling magnet may be attached to the hood and a first stowage magnet may be attached to the front of the palm protector to assist in stowing the handling tool.

Abstract: A device that can be used, for example, for application or use with hair care products. The device includes two sheets connected to one another by a connecting region which defines a cavity on a first side of the connecting region, such that a user's hand can be inserted into the cavity. A flexible strip preferably cut into fringes and flaps, is provided on a second side of the connecting region. A method for manufacturing a device of this kind is also provided in which two webs of strip material are unrolled simultaneously, connected, and then cut. Parts of the webs, including both the connecting region and the cut fringes and flaps, are then separated. The device can optionally be impregnated with a product, for example, a hair care product.

Abstract: Provided is a less irritant or inflammatory glove in which irritation and inflammation are to be reduced when using the glove made from latex, nitrile, PVC, or the like in the field of medicine, physical and chemical research, industry, or the like by utilizing antipruritic and antiinflammatory effects of phthalocyanine, but not by reducing the contents of protein ingredients contained in a latex glove as in prior art. Phthalocyanine is used as a less irritant or inflammatory agent when wearing the glove. The phthalocyanine is mixed into a raw material for an inner glove, or mixed into a raw material of the glove, or mixed into a lubricant for wearing the glove, or mixed into a coating material applied to the inside surface of the glove, or adhered to a filling implanted on the inside surface of the glove.

Abstract: A hockey glove for receiving a hand of a player, the hand having a palm, index finger, middle finger, third finger and little finger, each finger having inner, dorsal, lateral and medial surfaces, proximate, middle and distal phalanges, one thumb with palm and dorsal surfaces, and a medial side with a C-shaped edge between the thumb and the index finger, the hockey glove comprising: (a) a side finger web for facing the lateral and medial surfaces of each finger, the side finger web having a lower web periphery; (b) a palm sheet for facing the palm of the hand and the palm surface of the fingers and thumb, the palm sheet having a palm periphery with a portion connected to the lower web periphery for defining first, second, third and fourth finger gussets for respectively receiving the four fingers; (c) a side pad for covering at least partially the medial side of the hand, the side pad having a top portion and a side portion with an edge for overlapping the C-shaped edge of the medial side of the hand; and (d)

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an industrial glove comprises the step of knitting a glove body; coating a first enhancing layer upon a palm portion and an inner surface of an arm portion of the glove body; installing the glove body upon a hand mold; adhering liquid rubber upon the glove body so as to form an outer rubber layer; and drying the glove body. Furthermore, an industrial glove is provided. The glove comprises a glove body formed by knitting; a first enhancing layer upon a palm portion and an inner surface of an arm portion of the glove body; and an outer rubber layer coated upon the glove body.

Abstract: A heat resistant and liquid impermeable glove for the food service industry that has an outer shell and an inner liner that are detachably securable to one another. The liner is insertable into the shell and is detachably secured thereto by one or more securements. Each of the shell and the liner have a front and a back that are joined together and form a hollow interior therebetween. Each of the shell and liner has a peripheral edge which surrounds an opening to the hollow interior and has digit shaped extension that receive the fingers and thumb of a worker. A first securement is applied to an exterior surface of the liner proximate its peripheral edge and to an interior surface of the shell proximate its peripheral edge. A second securement is applied to the exterior surface of the digit-shaped extensions of the liner and to the interior surface of the digit-shaped extensions of the shell. The first and second securements comprise first and second layers of complementary mating fastener material.

Abstract: A glove comprising a hand portion and a sleeve portion has a thumb cavity and at least one finger cavity, and is made of flexible material that is generally impermeable to fluids. The hand portion terminates at a junction with said sleeve portion which extends from the junction to a point at least midway between the wrist and elbow of a wearer of the glove. The sleeve portion terminates at an open end. The sleeve and the hand portions are invertible and removable from a wearer's hand such that any aseptic matter being held in the hand portion during removal can be secured within the inverted sleeve and hand portions following removal.

Abstract: A glove with enhanced gripping capabilities that makes maintaining a grip for a user, less taxing and less fatiguing for the user's hand and forearm muscles. More particularly, a grip-enhancing glove, and method for maintaining a grip, which enables a user to maintain a prolonged grip without incurring undesirable effects.

Abstract: A work glove including a glove base material made of fiber and a foam layer composed of a thermoplastic resin or a rubber provided thereon, the foam layer having irregularities formed by heat press on the surface is provided. Heat press induces collapse and thermal fusion of foam, leaving traces of the foam on the surface of a foamed material. The foam layer produced by this technique has both film strength and abrasion resistance without deterioration in the non-slip properties usually possessed by the foam layer.