Feed Other Than Coal, Oil Shale Or Wood Patents (Class 201/25)
  • Patent number: 4599141
    Abstract: A process for the destruction of biological waste products comprises the steps of heating said waste products in a sealed chamber, e.g. at 600.degree. C.-850.degree. C., to volatize volatiles and to pyrolyze non-voltatiles and producing an output stream comprising gas with residual biological matter entrained therein followed by treating said output stream with molten aluminum thereby effecting chemical reduction by reaction with the aluminum and producing innocuous effluent.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 7, 1984
    Date of Patent: July 8, 1986
    Inventor: Clifford G. Shultz
  • Patent number: 4588477
    Abstract: Method for traveling fluidized bed distillation of coarse ground tire scrap, rubber vulcanizate (also vulcanized rubber), in a mixture with coarse aggregate. The rubber and aggregates are charges to a vertical still equipped with power burners near the bottom to burn a portion of the carbonaceous residue and supply the needed heat for the distillation process. The volatile materials and the pyrolysis oil vapors are drawn at the top for recovery and processing. Fines are recovered and the aggregate still at elevated temperatures are recycled to the top of the column and reused again with additional ground rubber. Noncondensable gases resulting from the "pyrolysis oil" condensation and recovery system contain high heating value and can be used for combustion needs in the still, or for steam generation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 11, 1984
    Date of Patent: May 13, 1986
    Inventor: Ikram W. Habib
  • Patent number: 4568362
    Abstract: The rapid pyrolysis of lignocellulosic products, especially forest waste, is conducted in a fluidized bed of hot refractory particles. The pyrolysis products, comprising solid carbonaceous residue (i.e., char), tars and gas, escape from the bed and cross an overheating zone comprising a packed bed contactor supplied by a rainfall of hot refractory particles. The carbonaceous solid residue is then separated from the produced gases, a portion of which is recycled to fluidize the bed, and burned in a conveyed bed combustion reactor, thus heating the refractory particles that supply the packed bed contactor and the fluidized bed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 7, 1983
    Date of Patent: February 4, 1986
    Assignee: Tunzini-Nessi Entreprises d'Equipements
    Inventors: Xavier Deglise, Georges Meunier, Philippe Schlicklin
  • Patent number: 4561964
    Abstract: An improved hydroconversion process for carbonaceous materials wherein a monohydrocarbyl substituted dithiocarbamate of a metal selected from Group VIII-A of the Periodic Table of Elements or a mixture thereof is used as a catalyst precursor. The improved process is effective for both normally solid and normally liquid carbonaceous materials and for carbonaceous materials which are either solid or liquid at the conversion conditions. The hydroconversion will be accomplished at a temperature within the range from about 500.degree. to about 900.degree. F., at a total pressure within the range from about 500 to 7000 psig and at a hydrogen partial pressure within the range from about 400 to about 5000 psig.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 1, 1984
    Date of Patent: December 31, 1985
    Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.
    Inventors: Gopal H. Singhal, Karla S. Colle, Edward H. Edelson, Bobby L. Wilson, Loan H. Dao
  • Patent number: 4552621
    Abstract: An apparatus comprises a reaction chamber provided with a charging hole, a branch pipe for discharging a suspension, and a branch pipe for withdrawing a vapor-gas phase which branch pipe is communicated with a condenser. The apparatus further includes a heater provided with a heat-exchanger for preheating a solvent, said heat-exchanger being introduced into said heater and communicated with said reaction chamber through nozzles adapted for jet feeding of the solvent into the reaction mass.At the outlet of the reaction chamber there is mounted a distillation column communicated with the branch pipe for discharging the suspension and provided in the upper portion thereof with a branch pipe for withdrawal of the vapor-gas phase, while in the lower portion thereof there is provided a branch pipe for discharging a distillation residue.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 17, 1983
    Date of Patent: November 12, 1985
    Assignee: Belorussky Politekhnichesky Institut
    Inventors: Genrikh D. Lyakhevich, Anatoly P. Khimanych, Vasily G. Suzansky, Vulf P. Kovalerchik
  • Patent number: 4535065
    Abstract: In a method for regeneration of moist powder adsorption agent, the moist-charged adsorption agent is first fed into the lower area of a fluidized bed which is provided with an aeration and heat-carrying material; the agent then is fed upwardly through the heat-carrying material while being simultaneously dried, and then the agent is withdrawn together with the vortex gas from the fluidized bed. The agent is separated from the vortex gas in a successively switched separator, and is then fed to a further fluidized bed which is provided with a further aeration and heat-carrying material. The agent is fed in that further bed upwardly through the further heat-carrying material and is simultaneously regenerated. The agent is then discharged together with the further vortex gas from the further fluidized bed. The vortex gases which are withdrawn can be reused as mixing gases during the vortex gas generation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 20, 1982
    Date of Patent: August 13, 1985
    Assignee: Bergwerksverband GmbH
    Inventors: Juergen Klein, Peter Schulz
  • Patent number: 4515659
    Abstract: The invention relates to a process for improving the pyrolytic conversion of waste selected from rubber and plastic to low molecular weight olefinic materials by employing basis salt catalysts in the waste mixture. The salts comprise alkali or alkaline earth compounds, particularly sodium carbonate, in an amount of greater than about 1 weight percent based on the waste feed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 1982
    Date of Patent: May 7, 1985
    Assignee: Ford Motor Company
    Inventors: Robert C. Wingfield, Jr., Jacob Braslaw, Roy L. Gealer
  • Patent number: 4510021
    Abstract: A fluidized bed charcoal particle production system, including apparatus and method, wherein pieces of combustible waste, such as sawdust, fragments of wood, etc., are continuously disposed within a fluidized bed of a pyrolytic vessel. Preferably, the fluidized bed is caused to reach operating temperatures by use of an external pre-heater. The fluidized bed is situated above an air delivery system at the bottom of the vessel, which supports pyrolysis within the fluidized bed. Charcoal particles are thus formed within the bed from the combustible waste and are lifted from the bed and placed in suspension above the bed by forced air passing upwardly through the bed. The suspended charcoal particles and the gaseous medium in which the particles are suspended are displaced from the vessel into a cyclone mechanism where the charcoal particles are separated. The separated charcoal particles are quenched with water to terminate all further charcoal oxidation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 23, 1981
    Date of Patent: April 9, 1985
    Assignee: Energy Products of Idaho
    Inventor: Norman K. Sowards
  • Patent number: 4507174
    Abstract: Pyrolytic apparatus for recycling discarded rubber tires and the like that includes an auto clave shell that is closed at both ends to provide a closed vessel and has an interior refractory lining enclosing a reactor chamber and in conjunction with the vessel forms a gas-oil separation chamber surrounding the lining, heat exchangers within the lining, burners exterior of the vessel for conducting heat to the heat exchangers, a compressor for withdrawing pyrolytic gas given off by the pyrolytic decomposition of tires in the reactor chamber and conducting it to a recovered gas storage tank and a line for conducting oil given off by the decomposition of tires in the reactor chamber to an oil storage tank. The vessel walls are of a sufficiently lower temperature than that in the reactor chamber that the oil condenses on the vessel walls.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 10, 1983
    Date of Patent: March 26, 1985
    Inventor: Wolfgang A. Kutrieb
  • Patent number: 4477332
    Abstract: Pulverized carbonaceous material such as coal while flowing through a reactor dispersed in a carrier gas substantially transparent to radiant energy and at atmospheric pressure is heated, typically for a few milliseconds to about 1500.degree. K., by thermal radiation while maintained in the cooler carrier gas to selectively heat the pulverized material, while cooling the volatile products as they diffuse into the cooler carrier gas, followed by quenching where necessary. In the case of coal, the principal result of this treatment is a radical increase in the easily soluble fraction of the coal with substantially no net change in the solid ultimate or proximate characteristics and substantially no output gaseous volatile production.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 25, 1983
    Date of Patent: October 16, 1984
    Assignee: Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc.
    Inventor: David B. Stickler
  • Patent number: 4475986
    Abstract: Carbonaceous raw material, such as lignite coal, having first been passed successively through a moving grate stoker furnace, a shaft furnace and a quench chamber is screened so as to remove from the end product substantially all +12 mesh and larger particles which are then crushed to -12 mesh screen size and recirculated into the stream of raw material enroute through the moving grate stoker.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 7, 1983
    Date of Patent: October 9, 1984
    Assignee: Peabody Development Company
    Inventor: Jimmy B. Smith
  • Patent number: 4474524
    Abstract: A system for discharging a thermal decomposition residue containing carbon residue and steel wire balls, the discharge system including: a discharge mechanism including a double shaft screw conveyer having respective screws thereof supported at one end thereof and located contiguous to a residue outlet of a thermal decomposition unit, a housing hermetically connected to the residue outlet of the thermal decomposition unit and enclosing the double shaft screw conveyer with ample space on the upper side thereof; a first outlet provided in a front bottom portion of the housing for discharging the carbon residue transferred by lower portions of the double shaft conveyer; a second outlet provided at the discharging free end of the double screw conveyer for discharging the steel wire balls transferred by upper portions of the double screw conveyer; a seal provided in said first outlet for shielding the interior of the housing from ambient atmosphere; and a water-sealer including a water bath, a chute connected to t
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 7, 1982
    Date of Patent: October 2, 1984
    Assignees: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho, Mechanical Social System Foundation
    Inventors: Shigezo Kawakami, Kunihiko Tsuji, Katuhiko Shimojima, Mitsuru Fukuda, Hiroshi Kawaguchi
  • Patent number: 4472245
    Abstract: Materials which become carbonized at high temperatures, such as wood, cellulose, household refuse, used tires, plastics, tar sand, oil shale, and the like, are subjected to thermal treatment, i.e., pyrolysis or gasification, in an electric shaft furnace having top and bottom electrodes. The material is charged into the furnace at the top and continuously moved downward through the furnace so slowly that as a result of heat transfer from the hotter parts of the furnace, it is carbonized to an extent which renders it electrically conductive by the time it comes in contact with those parts of the electrodes by means of which electric current is conducted through the material. The material charged at the top of the furnace can be caused to move downward by withdrawing suitable amounts of solid material from the bottom of the furnace, for example, or by gasifying the material with steam.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 3, 1983
    Date of Patent: September 18, 1984
    Assignee: Ing. A. Maurer Societe Anonyme
    Inventor: Eduard Halm
  • Patent number: 4469557
    Abstract: Green petroleum coke is partly devolatilized by transporting horizontally in static bed form through a furnace over a series of air box zones including a minority of zones adjacent the input end of the furnace and a majority remote from the input end and further devolatilized by soaking in a shaft furnace until at least most of the residual volatiles are driven off. From the shaft furnace the devolatilized coke is water quenched and steam produced in the quencher is mixed with downdrafted gases from said furnace to cool the same and prevent premature combustion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 17, 1983
    Date of Patent: September 4, 1984
    Assignee: Peabody Development Company
    Inventors: Chris V. Schweer, Jimmy B. Smith
  • Patent number: 4463203
    Abstract: A process for the preparation of fuel oil, fuel gas and pyrolysis coke by heating to a temperature of 600.degree.-700.degree. C. a mixture of rubber, synthetic resin, brown coal and bentonite.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 13, 1981
    Date of Patent: July 31, 1984
    Inventor: Kim D. Gi
  • Patent number: 4459135
    Abstract: Organic materials are separated and retrieved by mixing them with a liquid medium which is solid at room temperature and which is at atmosphere pressure. The material and medium are pumped by an electromagnetic pump while creating turbulence and then the velocity of the medium is decreased while heat is applied. Gases generated during the application of heat are collected. The medium is then cooled and returned to the pool at atmospheric pressure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 20, 1982
    Date of Patent: July 10, 1984
    Inventor: Alan Glasser
  • Patent number: 4459136
    Abstract: An apparatus for drying, pyrolyzing and possibly also gasifying of lump wood in a cylindrical vessel with a hearth case includes a vessel of a type which differs from prior art vessel units by a top cooling hood with an annular cooling duct and an outer annular air space for preheating suction air and an inner, likewise annular, gas space to discharge to some external destination the gas recovered from the predried wood. The air drawn from the outer annular space is fed to the hearth via an air chamber and nozzles. Condensate precipitated on the inside faces of the hood drops into an annular gutter and is subjected to evaporation in the further course of the process. A method for operating this apparatus is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 4, 1982
    Date of Patent: July 10, 1984
    Assignee: Fritz Werner Industrie-Ausrustungen GmbH
    Inventors: Hans Linneborn, Josef Weisz
  • Patent number: 4451351
    Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids are obtained from carbonaceous materials, such as coal, by contacting the carbonaceous materials with a metal carbonyl or a low valent complex of the transition metals and water gas under alkaline conditions to form a reaction mixture, and then heating the reaction mixture to a sufficient temperature and pressure to obtain the hydrocarbon liquids. In a second embodiment, the carbonaceous materials are solubilized to an unexpectedly high degree by contacting them with solvent/solute systems, such as phenolic recycle solvents containing alkali or alkaline-earth metal constituents.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 19, 1982
    Date of Patent: May 29, 1984
    Assignee: Pentanyl Technologies, Inc.
    Inventors: Clifford R. Porter, Herbert D. Kaesz
  • Patent number: 4430160
    Abstract: Enhancement of thermal decomposition of solid matter by applying a high voltage but low power electrical field across said solid matter simultaneously with heating of the solid matter.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 25, 1982
    Date of Patent: February 7, 1984
    Inventor: Joel DuBow
  • Patent number: 4429172
    Abstract: A process for the preparation of modified pitches and low boiling aromatics and olefins is described. Waste plastic which consists of polymeric chains of olefins is subjected to a thermal treatment in the presence of high boiling aromatics. The modified pitches may be used for the production of carbon articles of high value.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 23, 1981
    Date of Patent: January 31, 1984
    Assignee: Rutgerswerke Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Robert Zellerhoff, Maximilian Zander, Franz Kajetanczyk
  • Patent number: 4421524
    Abstract: In the method, organic, i.e. carbon-containing, material, such as straw, wood chips, sawdust, or dead bacterial waste from a sewage treatment plant, is heated in a pyrolytic reactor, thereby driving off volatiles from the organic material, including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, water vapor, and tars, while leaving charcoal (char) behind. The volatiles are then passed over a base material, such as hot char, which is at a temperature substantially above the pyrolizing temperature, e.g. 950.degree. C. and above, which causes a chemical reaction of the tars and volatiles, resulting in an output of a gaseous mixture consisting largely of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, characterized by an absence of tars. The apparatus includes a pyrolytic reactor in which an initial charge of charcoal is located. An inlet is provided for introduction of the organic material and an exit is provided for the resulting gases and ash products.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 4, 1982
    Date of Patent: December 20, 1983
    Assignee: Pyrenco, Inc.
    Inventor: Donald E. Chittick
  • Patent number: 4420320
    Abstract: A method of producing soil conditioners from waste material, and of utilizing the internal energy thereof, while reducing the volume of the waste material at the same time, is disclosed in which initially compacts of a refuse-sludge mixture are subjected to intense rotting whereby the water content thereof is reduced from an initial value of about 50 to 60 percent to about 30 percent, preferably 20 percent, and whereby the compacts become dried and storable. The dried and storable compacts are ground or screened, or both, with the screened out fine fraction being directly usable as a soil conditioner, and then the ground or screened, or both, compacts are thermally treated by one of low temperature carbonization and combustion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 23, 1981
    Date of Patent: December 13, 1983
    Assignee: Industrie-Werke Karlsruhe Augsburg Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Randolph Hartmann, Helmut Schriewer
  • Patent number: 4417872
    Abstract: Heat treating of a material containing a carbon degradable content is carried out by segmenting the temperature range of heat treating into at least two intervals, a first one of which is able to support heat treating without blistering of the material at a first maximum rate and a second one of which is able to support heat treating without blistering at a second maximum rate different from the first rate, and the material is heated at a first rate equal to or less than the first maximum rate in the first interval and at a second rate different from the first rate and equal to or less than the second maximum rate in the second interval.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 1, 1982
    Date of Patent: November 29, 1983
    Assignee: Energy Research Corporation
    Inventors: Larry G. Christner, Dana A. Kelley
  • Patent number: 4402791
    Abstract: An apparatus for pyrolyzing shredded tires including an oven having a discharge opening and a tote having a discharge snout corresponding to the opening, the tote being placed in the oven with the snout inserted into the opening, radiant heating tubes are provided in the oven in close proximity to the top and bottom of the tote to heat the shredded tires, the tote having an inclined top for directing gaseous vapors produced on heating the tires toward the snout, the gaseous vapors are drawn through a discharge duct assembly and condenser by a fan located at the exhaust from the condenser.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 10, 1981
    Date of Patent: September 6, 1983
    Inventor: John C. Brewer
  • Patent number: 4401513
    Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering the material components of rubber tires, the process including the steps of shredding the rubber tires to a size capable of being transported, heating the shredded rubber pieces in an inert atmosphere to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the heat recoverable components of the tires, condensing the vaporizable components to liquify the oil and ammonia present, collecting the uncondensed gas, and recovering the carbon residue and metal remaining after cooling. The apparatus including a hot air oven having a plurality of hot air conduits defining a primary heating zone and a top wall configuration defining a gas collection zone and a tote bin formed by a closed container having an opening at one end and a top wall configuration conforming to the top wall of the oven.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 28, 1981
    Date of Patent: August 30, 1983
    Inventor: John C. Brewer
  • Patent number: 4398998
    Abstract: Energy and useful products are recovered from plantain wastes in a self-contained waste treatment plant wherein the raw material waste is charged into a boiler where the same is combusted to produce flue gases containing several organic compounds and dry ash containing residue mineral salts. The flue gas heats water in a water reservoir to generate steam which drives a turbine generator to produce electricity, the flue gas then being collected and at least partially condensed to form a pyroligneous acid solution from which alcohols and the like can be recovered. The dry ash containing residue mineral salt is mixed with other minerals or reagents with the resulting mass being supplied into a continuously stirred fusion furnace situated within the boiler to which heat is supplied by the flue gas to produce commercially useful products, such as zeolites, dolomite or other related products.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 19, 1982
    Date of Patent: August 16, 1983
    Inventor: Babington A. Quame
  • Patent number: 4398476
    Abstract: A method and an apparatus of incinerating dewatered sludge without using an auxiliary fuel comprising pelletizing the partially dewatered sludge having a water content of 70 to 75%, drying the pellets with a heat source obtained by burning gases formed by dry-distillation and gasification, using part of the resulting dry-distilled gas in said drying step, dry-distilling the pellets by the sensible heat of a gas formed by gasification, gasifying the dry-distillation residues with air, water vapor and the remainder of said dry-distilled gas.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 21, 1981
    Date of Patent: August 16, 1983
    Assignee: Shinryo Air Conditioning Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Akira Suzuki, Yasumi Shioya, Keiichi Kimura
  • Patent number: 4396786
    Abstract: A method for producing fuel oil from cellulosic materials (especially domestic or agricultural waste) in which the material is contacted with water and treated with a reducing gas (eg hydrogen or methane) and carbon monoxide in the presence of a platinum group metal (preferably ruthenium) or copper catalyst at 100.degree. to 950.degree. C. (preferably 100.degree. to 250.degree. C.) and at 10 to 680 (preferably 10 to 100) atmospheres. It is believed that the cellulose is hydrolyzed, then carbonylated to a keto acid which decarboxylates to produce a polymerizable acid and carbon dioxide. The aldehyde polymerizes and is hydrogenated to produce the fuel oil.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 5, 1981
    Date of Patent: August 2, 1983
    Assignee: Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company
    Inventors: Geoffrey C. Bond, Alfred J. Bird
  • Patent number: 4396487
    Abstract: The production of oil by retorting shale and other hydrocarbonaceous and lignocellulosic solid materials is facilitated by retorting in the presence of steam and acetic acid.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 10, 1980
    Date of Patent: August 2, 1983
    Assignee: Georgia Oil & Gas Company
    Inventor: Louis Strumskis
  • Patent number: 4384923
    Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the hygienization of carbonation sludges. For this purpose, these are mixed with wastes having a high calorific value and containing organic substances and are decomposed by pyrolysis, in the absence of air, at a temperature from 200.degree. C. to 800.degree. C., preferably 250.degree. C. to 720.degree. C.The fuel gases obtained in the decomposition by pyrolysis can be utilized for external heating of the thermal reactor, autothermic operation, that is to say self-sustaining operation, becoming possible when wastes of high calorific value are added to the carbonation sludge in such a quantity that the calorific value of the waste mixture is more than 1,000 kcal/kg.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 6, 1981
    Date of Patent: May 24, 1983
    Assignee: Deutsche Kommunal-Anlagen Miete GmbH
    Inventor: Klaus Hillekamp
  • Patent number: 4364745
    Abstract: Process for production and recovery of fuel gases and organic liquids from biomass by use of an upflow furnace, wherein said biomass is preheated at a temperature of from 100.degree. C. to 1500.degree. C. and thermally converted at a temperature of from 200.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 26, 1981
    Date of Patent: December 21, 1982
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Indiana)
    Inventor: Thomas A. Weil
  • Patent number: 4356077
    Abstract: Pyrolytic vapors, produced by the pyrolysis of coal, are contacted with a quench liquid which comprises a hydrogen donor solvent to condense the pyrolytic vapors and form a liquid mixture which comprises pyrolytic condensate. The liquid mixture is separated by vacuum flashing into a vapor containing tar acids and a liquid mixture containing the quench liquid and condensate remainder. This liquid mixture is then heated to transfer hydrogen from the hydrogen donor solvent to the condensate remainder. The hydrogenated liquid mixture is then separated into a heavy hydrocarbon stream and a solvent mixture which contains the spent and unused hydrogen donor solvent.The vapor produced by the vacuum flashing is then condensed and separated into a liquid stream containing tar acids, and a tar acid raffinate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 31, 1980
    Date of Patent: October 26, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Stanley C. Che
  • Patent number: 4353782
    Abstract: The yield of good-quality bodies consisting of vitreous carbon is increased to substantially 100% when the pyrolysis is performed in a reaction vessel in which a collecting container or a collecting disc for the condensable volatile decomposition products which is open at its upper side is arranged above the polymeric substances to be pyrolyzed. The collecting disc divides the interior of the reaction vessel into two parts, a passage for gases remaining between the upper part and the lower part. During the pyrolysis, a spatial temperature distribution is adjusted in the reaction vessel which results in a pulsating evaporation and condensation of the decomposition products, so that the decomposition products are completely removed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 1, 1981
    Date of Patent: October 12, 1982
    Assignee: U.S. Philips Corporation
    Inventor: Bernhard Lersmacher
  • Patent number: 4353713
    Abstract: An integrated process for the gasification of coal alone or with other carbon-containing materials such as solid municipal wastes, biomass and sewage sludges, wherein the endothermic heat required by the gasification reaction is supplied at least in a significant part by the exothermic reaction of CaO in the form of calcined lime or dolomite with carbon dioxide. The CO.sub.2 is recycled to provide a high CO.sub.2 vapor pressure for the exothermic reaction. The calcium carbonate formed in the reaction is decomposed in a combustor to produce the CaO which is recycled to the gasification stage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 28, 1980
    Date of Patent: October 12, 1982
    Inventor: Shang-I Cheng
  • Patent number: 4344770
    Abstract: Method and means for converting organic materials, such as garbage, sewage sludge, wood and agricultural products, and the like, to fuels are disclosed which include pre-drying the organic feed material and feeding the same to a reactor for the pyrolysis thereof. Pyrolytic off-gases are fed to a condenser where a condensable fraction comprising, generally, oil and water is removed. The gas phase from the condenser is scrubbed by means of a scrubber, passed through an activated charcoal filter, and burned to supply heat for at least partially drying the reactor feed material.First gravity separating means separates the liquid phase from the condenser into oil and water fractions. Similarly, second gravity separating means, to which scrubber liquid is supplied, separates the scrubber liquid into oil and water fractions. The water fraction from the second gravity separating means is supplied as scrubbing liquid for scrubbing the gas phase.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 4, 1977
    Date of Patent: August 17, 1982
    Assignee: Wilwardco, Inc.
    Inventors: Erwin L. Capener, James M. Low
  • Patent number: 4336125
    Abstract: A process and apparatus for production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels from peat providing wide variation of the composite proportion of liquid-gas output while maintaining high overall carbon conversion to useful fuel. The process and apparatus utilizes three process stages in a single vessel providing functions of drying wet peat, provisions for addition of both wet and dry peat to a hydropyrolysis zone and gasification of the peat char.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 6, 1981
    Date of Patent: June 22, 1982
    Assignee: Institute of Gas Technology
    Inventors: Sanford A. Weil, Dharamvir Punwani, William W. Bodle
  • Patent number: 4326944
    Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering liquids and gases by a rapid hydropyrolysis of carbonaceous solids which comprises subjecting the carbonaceous material in a stream of carrier gas to a first pressure and a first temperature below the decomposition temperature of the carbonaceous material; reducing substantially in a single step the pressure on the stream of carbonaceous material from the first pressure to a second pressure, the ratio of the first pressure to the second pressure being at least 1.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 14, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 27, 1982
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Indiana)
    Inventors: James S. Meyer, Ken K. Robinson, John M. Forgac, David F. Tatterson
  • Patent number: 4325802
    Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids are obtained from carbonaceous materials, such as coal, by contacting the carbonaceous materials with a metal carbonyl or a low valent complex of the transition metals and water gas under alkaline conditions to form a reaction mixture, and then heating the reaction mixture to a sufficent temperature and pressure to obtain the hydrocarbon liquids.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 17, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 20, 1982
    Assignee: Pentanyl Technologies, Inc.
    Inventors: Clifford R. Porter, Herbert D. Kaesz
  • Patent number: 4324642
    Abstract: In a process for recovery of values contained in solid carbonaceous material, the solid carbonaceous material is comminuted and then subjected to pyrolysis, in the presence of a carbon containing solid particulate source of heat and a beneficially reactive transport gas in a transport flash pyrolysis reactor, to form a pyrolysis product stream. The pyrolysis product stream contains a gaseous mixture and particulate solids. The solids are separated from the gaseous mixture to form a substantially solids-free gaseous stream which comprises volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals newly formed by pyrolysis. Preferably the solid particulate source of heat is formed by oxidizing part of the separated particulate solids. The beneficially reactive transport gas inhibits the reactivity of the char product and the carbon-containing solid particulate source of heat.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Kandaswamy Durai-Swamy
  • Patent number: 4324639
    Abstract: In a process for recovery of values contained in solid carbonaceous material, a solid carbonaceous material is comminuted and then treated at an elevated temperature with a capping agent which is at treating conditions either a liquid or a gas. The treating conditions are such that the capping agent is sorbed by the solid particulate carbonaceous material. The solid particulate carbonaceous material containing the sorbed capping agent is then subjected to pyrolysis preferably in the presence of a solid particulate source of heat and a transport gas in a transport flash pyrolysis reactor, to form a pyrolysis product stream. The solid particulate carbonaceous feed material is pyrolyzed and newly formed volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals are substantially simultaneously terminated by the sorbed capping agent as such radicals are formed, to form a pyrolysis product stream.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Kandaswamy Durai-Swamy
  • Patent number: 4324643
    Abstract: In a process for recovery of values contained in solid carbonaceous material, the solid carbonaceous material is comminuted and then subjected to pyrolysis, preferably in the presence of a solid particulate source of heat and a transport gas in a transport flash pyrolysis reactor, to form a pyrolysis product stream. The pyrolysis product stream contains a gaseous mixture and particulate solids. The solids are separated from the gaseous mixture to form a substantially solids-free gaseous stream which comprises volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals newly formed by pyrolysis. Preferably the solid particulate source of heat is formed by oxidizing part of the separated particulate solids. Condensed stabilized hydrocarbons are obtained by quenching the gaseous mixture stream with a quench fluid which contains a capping agent for stabilizing and terminating newly formed volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals. The capping agent is partially depleted of hydrogen by the stabilization and termination reaction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Kandaswamy Durai-Swamy
  • Patent number: 4324640
    Abstract: In a process for recovery of values contained in solid carbonaceous material, a solid carbonaceous material is comminuted and then treated at an elevated temperature in a pretreatment zone with a first capping agent which is at treating conditions either a liquid or a gas. The treating conditions are such that the first capping agent is sorbed by the solid particulate carbonaceous material. The solid particulate carbonaceous material containing the sorbed first capping agent is then subjected to pyrolysis in the presence of a second capping agent, and preferably in the presence of a solid particulate source of heat and a transport gas in a transport flash pyrolysis reactor, to form a pyrolysis product stream. The solid particulate carbonaceous feed material is pyrolyzed and newly formed volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals are substantially simultaneously terminated by the sorbed first capping agent, or the second capping agent as such radicals are formed, to form a pyrolysis product stream.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Kandaswamy Durai-Swamy
  • Patent number: 4324641
    Abstract: In a process for recovery of values contained in solid carbonaceous material, a solid carbonaceous material is comminuted and then treated at an elevated temperature in a pretreatment zone with a first capping agent which is at treating conditions either a liquid or a gas. The treating conditions are such that the first capping agent is sorbed by the solid particulate carbonaceous material. The solid particulate carbonaceous material containing the sorbed first capping agent is then subjected to pyrolysis in the presence of a second capping agent, a carbon containing solid particulate source of heat and a beneficially reactive transport gas in a transport flash pyrolysis reactor, to form a pyrolysis product stream. The solid particulate carbonaceous feed material is pyrolyzed and newly formed volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals are substantially simultaneously terminated by the sorbed first capping agent or the second capping agent as such radicals are formed, to form a pyrolysis product stream.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Kandaswamy Durai-Swamy
  • Patent number: 4324638
    Abstract: In a process for recovery of values contained in solid carbonaceous material, the solid carbonaceous material is comminuted and then subjected to pyrolysis in the presence of a capping agent, and preferably in the presence of a solid particulate source of heat and a transport gas in a transport flash pyrolysis reactor, to form a pyrolysis product stream. The solid carbonaceous material is pyrolyzed and newly formed volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals are substantially simultaneously terminated by the capping agent to form a pyrolysis product stream. The pyrolysis product stream contains a gaseous mixture and particulate solids which are separated from the gaseous mixture to form a substantially particulate solids-free gaseous mixture stream which contains capping agent terminated volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals, hydrogen depleted capping agent, pyrolysis product vapors and a transport gas.Hyrocarbons of four or more carbon atoms in the gaseous mixture stream are condensed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Kandaswamy Durai-Swamy
  • Patent number: 4324637
    Abstract: In a process for recovery of values contained in solid carbonaceous material, a solid carbonaceous material is comminuted and then treated in a pretreating zone at an elevated temperature with a capping agent which is at treating conditions either a liquid or a gas. The treating conditions are such that the capping agent is sorbed by the solid particulate carbonaceous material. The solid particulate carbonaceous feed material containing the sorbed capping agent is then subjected to pyrolysis in the presence of a carbon containing solid particulate source of heat and a beneficially reactive transport gas in a transport flash pyrolysis reactor, to form a pyrolysis product stream. The solid particulate carbonaceous feed material is pyrolyzed and newly formed volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals are substantially simultaneously terminated by the sorbed capping agent as such radicals are formed, to form a pyrolysis product stream.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Kandaswamy Durai-Swamy
  • Patent number: 4324644
    Abstract: In a process for recovery of values contained in solid carbonaceous material, the solid carbonaceous material is comminuted and then subjected to pyrolysis in the presence of a capping agent, a carbon containing solid particulate source of heat and a beneficially reactive transport gas in a transport flash pyrolysis reactor, to form a pyrolysis product stream. The solid carbonaceous material is pyrolyzed and newly formed volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals are substantially simultaneously terminated by the capping agent to form a pyrolysis product stream. The pyrolysis product stream contains a gaseous mixture and particulate solids which are separated from the gaseous mixture to form a substantially particulate solids-free gaseous mixture stream which contains capping agent terminated volatilized hydrocarbon free radicals, hydrogen depleted capping agent, pyrolysis product vapors and a transport gas. The beneficially reactive transport gas inhibits the reactivity of the char product.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 1980
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Kandaswamy Durai-Swamy
  • Patent number: 4320241
    Abstract: Oxygenated hydrocarbons are contacted with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite for conversion into hydrocarbons.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 28, 1980
    Date of Patent: March 16, 1982
    Assignee: Occidental Research Corporation
    Inventor: Theodore C. Frankiewicz
  • Patent number: 4317800
    Abstract: A process for reducing environmental pollution resulting from disposal of waste containing halogenated hydrocarbons by simultaneous treatment with used metal and/or metal scrap at elevated temperatures. The halogenated hydrocarbons are pyrolyzed and the resulting hydrogen halide containing gas is brought into contact with the used metal and/or metal scrap at elevated temperatures so as to form metal halogenides that are volatile under the conditions applied. The volatile metal halogenides are largely separated from the gaseous mixture formed, and at least part of the remaining gaseous mixture and/or hydrocarbon residue is used as fuel to maintain the required temperature. The waste feed compositions and process conditions can be chosen to effect separation between various metals by selective halogenation and condensation, and substantially all of the hydrogen halide can be tied up and recovered as metal halogenides.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 15, 1980
    Date of Patent: March 2, 1982
    Assignee: Esmil B.V.
    Inventors: Wijtze Sloterdijk, Gerrit Dapper, Cornelis A. Verbraak, Willem Kirchner
  • Patent number: 4317703
    Abstract: A pyrolysis process and system produces a solid residue and a clean, enriched fuel gas. In the process, the pyrolytic oil and filter cake are recycled in such a manner as to produce products of optimal value, and to minimize the need for servicing and downtime of the system. Recycling of water recovered in the process may also be employed to achieve enrichment of the gaseous product. The process may be carried out in such a manner as to produce a non-polluting wastewater stream that can be discharged directly from the system.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 3, 1980
    Date of Patent: March 2, 1982
    Assignee: American Can Company
    Inventors: Mack D. Bowen, Kenneth R. Purdy
  • Patent number: H69
    Abstract: Increased liquefaction yield is obtained by pretreating a slurry of solid carbonaceous material and a liquid hydrocarbonaceous solvent at a temperature above 200.degree. C. but below 350.degree. C. for a period of 10 minutes to four hours prior to exposure to liquefaction temperatures.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 6, 1985
    Date of Patent: June 3, 1986
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of Energy
    Inventors: Herbert R. Appell, Nand K. Narain, Bruce R. Utz