Feed Other Than Coal, Oil Shale Or Wood Patents (Class 201/25)
  • Patent number: 4118282
    Abstract: A process and apparatus for the destructive distillation of high molecular weight organic materials such as organic wastes, particularly those containing hydrocarbon groups, using ultrasonic and microwave generators together to irradiate, and molecularly disperse the organic molecules in the organic materials. At least initially a portion of the organic materials are preferably irradiated with a laser beam or other initiator to initiate molecular motion in the organic materials and produce elemental carbon in situ from the organic materials so that the process will begin rapidly. Carbon and/or particulate catalysts which promote or increase the absorption of microwaves are preferably admixed with the organic materials.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 15, 1977
    Date of Patent: October 3, 1978
    Assignee: Wallace Energy Conversion, Inc.
    Inventor: Floyd D. Wallace
  • Patent number: 4116823
    Abstract: A vessel is provided for stripping oil from char particles of different density recovered from a pyrolysis of organic solid waste. The lower end of the vessel is of reduced diameter with a plurality of gas jets which direct gas inwardly and upwardly to direct stripping gas through the particles. A standpipe extends upwardly from the bottom of the vessel and terminates above the gas inlet jets. A gas outlet is provided at the top of the vessel. The particles are introduced at an intermediate level in the vessel. The top of the standpipe is covered with a screen mesh for limiting the size of particles which can enter the standpipe. The gas fluidizes the particles of different density which tend to concentrate at different levels in the fluidized bed because of their density differences. The standpipe terminates at a selected level within the fluidized particle bed which results in a desired mixture of the particles of different density being withdrawn from the fluidized bed through the standpipe.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 31, 1976
    Date of Patent: September 26, 1978
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventor: Charles K. Choi
  • Patent number: 4111800
    Abstract: Raw sewage sludge is combined with a solution of sodium aluminate. Municipal solid waste is then treated with the sludge-aluminate mixture. The treated waste is then carbonized in a furnace.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 6, 1976
    Date of Patent: September 5, 1978
    Inventor: Alfred J. Harendza-Harinxma
  • Patent number: 4108730
    Abstract: A process for converting relatively ash-free solid polymeric wastes to more valuable liquid, solid, and gaseous products which comprises mixing rubber and/or plastic wastes at high temperatures in a refractory petroleum stream and catalytically cracking the mixture.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 14, 1977
    Date of Patent: August 22, 1978
    Assignee: Mobil Oil Corporation
    Inventors: Nai Yuen Chen, Tsoung-Yuan Yan
  • Patent number: 4105502
    Abstract: Carbonaceous materials are pyrolyzed by simultaneous feed of the carbonaceous materials and a particulate source of heat to a cyclone reactor-separator wherein the centrifugal forces separate the vaporized product of pyrolysis from the solids. The carbon in the solids is partially combusted for recycle to the cyclone reactor separator and the vaporized products quenched and recovered. The yield of liquid hydrocarbons may be maximized.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 25, 1976
    Date of Patent: August 8, 1978
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventor: Charles K. Choi
  • Patent number: 4102749
    Abstract: A process for making low sulfur oil by reacting aqueous reactive sludges and slurries with hot, pressurized carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas) wherein the wastes are first concentrated by coking in the liquid phase under a pressure of 300 to 3000 psig at a temperature of 400.degree. to 550.degree. F for from 5 minutes to 2 hours.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 21, 1977
    Date of Patent: July 25, 1978
    Assignee: Texaco Inc.
    Inventors: Howard V. Hess, William F. Franz, Edward L. Cole
  • Patent number: 4102773
    Abstract: In a continuous process for recovery of values contained in a solid carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material is comminuted and then subjected to flash pyrolysis in the presence of a particulate heat source over an overflow weir to form a pyrolysis product stream containing a carbon containing solid residue and volatilized hydrocarbons. After the carbon containing solid residue is separated from the pyrolysis product stream, values are obtained by condensing volatilized hydrocarbons. The particulate source of heat is formed by oxidizing carbon in the solid residue and separating out the fines.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 25, 1976
    Date of Patent: July 25, 1978
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventors: Norman W. Green, Kandaswamy Duraiswamy, Robert E. Lumpkin
  • Patent number: 4101412
    Abstract: Carbonaceous materials are rapidly pyrolyzed by feed of the carbonaceous material at a high velocity tangentially to a cyclone reactor-separator while introducing a high velocity stream of a particulate source of heat into the cyclone reactor-separator at an angle inclined to the path of travel of the carbonaceous material. The cyclone reactor-separator induces separation of solids consisting of the particulate carbon containing solid residue of pyrolysis and particulate heat source from a vapor stream which includes condensible and non-condensible hydrocarbon products of pyrolysis. The particulate source of heat and solid particulate carbon containing residue of pyrolysis are transported to a cyclone burner and heated by partial combustion to a temperature suitable for feed to the cyclone reactor-separator. Rapid pyrolysis maximizes the yield of middle boiling hydrocarbons and olefins.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 25, 1976
    Date of Patent: July 18, 1978
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventor: Charles K. Choi
  • Patent number: 4101263
    Abstract: Nongaseous carbonaceous material is heated by a method comprising introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reaction zone; simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into the reaction zone such that the oxygen enters the reaction zone away from the wall thereof and reacts with the first stream thereby producing a gaseous product and heating the nongaseous carbonaceous material; forming an outer spiralling vortex within the reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases, including the gaseous product, from the nongaseous carbonaceous material; removing a third stream from the reaction zone containing the gaseous product which is substantially free of the nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of the gaseous product can react with the nongaseous carbonaceous material; and removing a fourth stream containing the nongaseous carbonaceous material from the reaction zone.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 25, 1976
    Date of Patent: July 18, 1978
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventor: Robert E. Lumpkin, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4098649
    Abstract: Apparatus and the method of converting organic material such as that separated from municipal and industrial waste into useful products by using a form of an extruder in a continuous destructive distillation process and in which the material being processes is compressed in the extruder in the absence of air and is heated to carefully controlled temperatures in separate zones to extract different products from each of the zones.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 5, 1976
    Date of Patent: July 4, 1978
    Assignee: Redker-Young Processes, Inc.
    Inventor: Donald S. Redker
  • Patent number: 4089773
    Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for solubilizing coal and other solid carbonaceous materials which involves heating a slurry of comminuted carbonaceous material and liquefaction solvent in contact with water, carbon monoxide, and a catalytic quantity of alkanol to produce a heavy oil or bitumen composition.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 1, 1976
    Date of Patent: May 16, 1978
    Assignee: Mobil Oil Corporation
    Inventor: Wilton F. Espenscheid
  • Patent number: 4082615
    Abstract: A thermal decomposition process and apparatus of the fluidized bed type for organic solid materials, particularly organic solid waste material contained in urban rubbish comprising a fluidized bed thermal decomposition furnace, the interior of which is divided by a partition plate into two zones, namely a first zone for thermally decomposing the organic solid waste material in the absence of oxygen and a second zone mainly for burning the carbonized material produced as a result of thermal decomposition of the organic solid waste material. Non-condensable components of the gas resulting from the thermal decomposition of the organic solid waste material are recirculated as fluidizing gas into the first zone, while air is used as the fluidizing gas for the second zone. Heat for the thermal decomposition in the first zone is obtained from the combustion in the second zone and transferred by the intertransfer of fluidized solids between zones beneath the partition plate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 12, 1976
    Date of Patent: April 4, 1978
    Assignee: The Agency of Industrial Science & Technology
    Inventors: Takeo Komuro, Yukio Saito, Mizuno Hirato
  • Patent number: 4078973
    Abstract: Particulate organic solid waste is pyrolyzed in the presence of an inert particulate source of heat and a carrier gas in a pyrolysis reactor to form a carbon containing solid residue of pyrolysis, pyrolytic oils and gases. The particulate source of heat and carbon containing solid residue of pyrolysis are separated from the product stream. The particulate source of heat and carbon containing solid residue of pyrolysis are transported to a combustion zone where through partial or total combustion. The particulate source of heat is reheated to a temperature requisite for feed to the pyrolysis reactor with attendant generation of additional particulate source of heat.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 31, 1976
    Date of Patent: March 14, 1978
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventors: Charles K. Choi, Robert W. Frischmuth, Richard M. Gundzik, Joseph P. Tassoney
  • Patent number: 4077847
    Abstract: There is provided a system for segregating through comminution and classification solid waste into ferrous metal, inorganic, and organic fractions. The inorganic fraction is further classified into aluminum and glass fractions. The organic fraction is further comminuted, dried and fed to a pyrolysis system where it is converted to gas for use in drying the organic material for feed to the pyrolysis system, pyrolytic oils and char. The principal saleable products recovered are char, pyrolytic oils, glass, aluminum, and ferrous metal.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 31, 1976
    Date of Patent: March 7, 1978
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventors: Charles K. Choi, Booker W. Morey, Robert W. Frischmuth, Joseph P. Tassoney, Richard M. Gundzik
  • Patent number: 4077868
    Abstract: An elongated tube (preferably stainless steel) is maintained at a temperature of at least about 1000.degree. F. throughout its length. Coal or other carbonaceous feed material is moved through the tube at a uniform rate of speed in the substantial absence of air, with the feed material being constantly churned or turned as by a screw conveyor. The churning of the feed material and the diameter of the tube is such that the material is subjected to "shock" heating, whereby gases and vapors are violently released from the solid mass and are removed therefrom at a vacuum of from about two to about five inches of mercury, with said gases and vapors passing through the aforesaid churning mass. The residue is recovered and the gases and vapors are subsequently passed through conventional condensers and scrubbers to liquify the oil and separate the gases and the water.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 22, 1976
    Date of Patent: March 7, 1978
    Assignee: Deco Industries, Inc.
    Inventor: R. William Chambers
  • Patent number: 4074979
    Abstract: Waste material heated in the bottom of a thermal decomposition furnace is vaporized to create gas flow upwardly within the furnace. Cooling means located to have the upwardly flowing gas pass thereacross operates to control the temperature of the gas leaving the furnace through the upper end thereof so that gaseous product having a boiling point above the boiling point induced by the cooling means will condense and fall within the furnace onto tray means located below the cooling means and adapted to receive therein condensed liquid from the cooling means. The tray means include orifice means for enabling upwardly flowing gas to come into contact with the liquid received in the tray means, and downflow tubes for causing liquid within the tray means to flow downwardly to the bottom of the furnace into contact with heating means. Gas flowing upwardly from the heating means passes through the orifice means and into contact with the liquid in the tray means.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 5, 1975
    Date of Patent: February 21, 1978
    Assignee: Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Shingo Kurisu, Toshiya Oyamoto, Setumi Ochiai, Hiromu Miyamoto, Katsuaki Makino
  • Patent number: 4073660
    Abstract: Recovery of the chemical components of a cellulosic organic solvent regenerating solution containing a dialkylacylamide, water, nitrous and nitric acid. The process comprises neutralizing the solution to form the metal salts of nitrous and nitric acid, distilling the neutralized solution to remove and recover the water and dialkylacylamide solvent and pyrolyzing the metal salts in the presence of oxygen to remove and recover nitrogen dioxide gas. The process results in substantially total recovery of the process chemicals.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 18, 1976
    Date of Patent: February 14, 1978
    Assignee: International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation
    Inventors: Norman A. Portnoy, David P. Anderson
  • Patent number: 4070250
    Abstract: Solid carbonaceous materials are pyrolyzed by introducing a low velocity stream of carbonaceous material into a cyclone reactor-separator and introducing a low velocity stream of a particulate source of heat into the cyclone reactor-separator at an angle inclined toward the path of travel of the carbonaceous material. A high velocity stream of the particulate source of heat is introduced into the cyclone reactor separator along the inner surface of the separator to prevent carbonaceous material from caking along the walls of the separator. The cyclone reactor separator induces separation of solids consisting of a particulate carbon containing solid residue of pyrolysis and particulate heat source from a vapor stream which contains hydrocarbon products of pyrolysis.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 25, 1976
    Date of Patent: January 24, 1978
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventor: Charles K. Choi
  • Patent number: 4067767
    Abstract: An improved process for treating spent Kraft wood pulping liquors by coking the liquors after reducing the pH thereof with SO.sub.2 and recovering the sulfur contained in the resulting coke by contact with hydrogen preheated to temperatures in the range of 750.degree. to 2000.degree. F to produce H.sub.2 S. The H.sub.2 S and lime are added to the coker effluent to form new kraft cooking liquor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 8, 1974
    Date of Patent: January 10, 1978
    Assignee: Texaco Inc.
    Inventors: Howard Vincent Hess, William Francis Franz, Edward Lawrence Cole
  • Patent number: 4064018
    Abstract: Solid carbonaceous materials are pyrolyzed by feeding the carbonaceous material along with a particulate source of heat to a fast fluidized bed contained within a vertically disposed duct. An internally circulating stream of spent particulate source of heat and carbon containing solid residue of the pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material flows upwardly along the inner surface of the duct, thereby preventing carbonaceous material from caking on the duct.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 25, 1976
    Date of Patent: December 20, 1977
    Assignee: Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    Inventor: Charles K. Choi
  • Patent number: 4057396
    Abstract: A fluid-wall reactor for high temperature chemical reactions comprising (A) a porous reactor tube, at least a portion of the interior of which defines a reaction zone, the tube being made of an electrically resistive, porous refractory material; (B) a pressure vessel enclosing the reactor tube to define an inert fluid plenum, the pressure vessel having at least one inlet for admitting the inert fluid which is directed under pressure through the porous tube wall to provide a protective blanket for the inside surface of the reactor tube; (C) means for introducing at least one reactant into the reaction zone, the reactants being directed in a predetermined path axially of the reactor tube and being confined by the protective blanket substantially centrally within the reaction zone; (D) means for passing an electric current through the reactor tube for heating the reactor tube to the temperature level at which it emits sufficient radiant energy to initiate and sustain the desired chemical reaction, the radiant en
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 14, 1975
    Date of Patent: November 8, 1977
    Assignee: Thagard Technology Company
    Inventor: Edwin Matovich
  • Patent number: 4053365
    Abstract: A modified rotary kiln suitable for calcining normally solid carbonaceous material, having adapted thereto at one end a firing crown and means for admitting combustible gases or liquids and air; a feeding means for such solid carbonaceous material to be calcined adapted to the other end of the kiln; and wherein the combustion gases and solid materials travel countercurrently in the kiln during calcination, wherein: at least one series of at least two tuyeres passes through the wall of the kiln symmetrically spaced to and at about a point longitudinally in the middle one-half of the longitudinal axis of the kiln; each tuyere terminating within the kiln through a nozzle on the side of the tuyere at a height sufficient for the discharge of exterior oxidizing gases passing therethrough at a point above the bed of the carbonaceous material in the kiln, directing the exterior oxidizing gases toward the feed end at about the same acute angular direction from a line passing through the nozzle and parallel to the long
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 2, 1975
    Date of Patent: October 11, 1977
    Assignee: Great Lakes Carbon Corporation
    Inventor: Franklin H. Welter
  • Patent number: 4052265
    Abstract: Organic and pseudo-organic materials such as waste materials, for example, are processed in a converter system and decomposed into various usable and reusable forms. Inorganic metals and salts are treated likewise in the same converter system and processed into various usable and reusable forms. While being carried by a conveyor through a controlled atmosphere treatment chamber, virtually free from combustion supporting air or other oxidizing agents, the feed material is caused to progressively thermally break down into its more basic constituents which flow out of the material treatment chamber in a continuous liquid and gaseous vapor stream. Negative pressure is applied upstream from the material treatment chamber to lead the liquid and gaseous vapor stream through successive processing stages of collection containers, condensers and gas scrubbers. The variable negative pressure is sufficient to maintain the pressure in the material treatment chamber within a range of slightly above ambient pressure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 12, 1976
    Date of Patent: October 4, 1977
    Inventor: Klaus M. Kemp
  • Patent number: 4050991
    Abstract: A pyrolitic reducer and condenser apparatus within which waste material is reduced to char and volatiles with provision made for collecting heavy and light volatiles for their reuse. A reduction bin receives waste material which is reduced by a low oxygen heat flow passing downwardly through the bin. A lower bin portion intermittently discharges the resulting char while volatile matter passes outwardly and then upwardly along a condenser wall whereat heavier oils are condensed out. The condenser structure additionally includes an insulative member confining heat within the reduction bin. Lighter oils are condensed by water cooled surfaces within an upper, baffle equipped condenser portion. Provision is made for elevating of the condenser structure for periodic access to the reduction bin. A feed assembly embodies an air lock to enable the intermittent discharge of waste into the reduction bin while preventing the escape of reduction gases.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 23, 1976
    Date of Patent: September 27, 1977
    Inventor: Walter C. Kautz, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4050907
    Abstract: An apparatus for treating any type of organic waste such as sewage, garbage, weeds and surplus crops to convert them into useful products, having a treatment tank or plurality of such tanks, a conduit circuit for carrying a heating fluid therethrough; vibrators to vibrate the conduit to homogenize and mix the tank contents, a furnace for supplying heat to the conduit circuit with the fuel for the furnace being the gaseous product recovered from the treatment tank or tanks, and solar cells and microwave heating units to balance and maintain the supply of heat when the fuel supply to the furnace is low. Radiation diffusers may be positioned about the tank or tanks to assist in the conversion process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 9, 1976
    Date of Patent: September 27, 1977
    Inventor: George H. Brimhall
  • Patent number: 4045187
    Abstract: A novel carbonaceous material derived from solid carbonaceous fossil fuel, in particular low rank coal, such as brown coal, having a low ash and sulphur content, is prepared by deoxygenation and dewatering in the presence of hydrogen and a solvent having hydrogen carrier properties (e.g. anthracene oil under conditions known per se for the solvent extraction of coal. The entire liqueform reaction product is distilled down without prior filtration and recovered as the product which, besides the soluble components also includes the ash and carbonaceous insolubles. The material which has a ring and ball softening point above 30.degree. C, preferably above 100.degree. C, is particularly useful for blending with coal having inferior coking properties in order to produce a coking blend useful for the production of metallurgical coke, applying conventional coking conditions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 20, 1975
    Date of Patent: August 30, 1977
    Assignee: South African Coal, Oil & Gas Corporation Limited
    Inventors: Andries Brink, Adriaan Hendrikus Stander, Leonard James Dry
  • Patent number: 4042334
    Abstract: A high temperature reactor comprises a tube which defines a reactor chamber; means for introducing the inert fluid into the reactor tube to provide a protective blanket for the inside surface of the tube; means for introducing reactants into the chamber, the reactants being confined centrally within the chamber by the protective blanket; and, means for generating high intensity radiant energy which is directed into the chamber to coincide with at least a portion of the path of the reactants.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 30, 1975
    Date of Patent: August 16, 1977
    Assignee: Thagard Technology Company
    Inventor: Edwin Matovich
  • Patent number: 4038172
    Abstract: Removal of oxygen from an oxygen-containing compound and its conversion into an organic substance of a lower molecular weight is accomplished by causing the compound to react with water and carbon monoxide in the presence of a red clay catalyst.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 9, 1975
    Date of Patent: July 26, 1977
    Assignee: Agency of Industrial Science & Technology
    Inventors: Shigeru Ueda, Shinichi Yokoyama, Yoshinori Nakata, Yoshihisa Hasegawa, Yosuke Maekawa, Yuji Yoshida
  • Patent number: 4038100
    Abstract: Disclosed are a composition produced from rubber containing polymeric hydrocarbons and carbon black by pyrolyzing and grinding such rubber with heated balls for a sufficient length of time to vaporize and depolymerize the hydrocarbons and to produce a solid char material having a very fine particle size, said char material being free of nondecomposed rubber and coke and having a benzene discoloration number of greater than 70% and preferably 90%, and the related method of making the composition. If the rubber also contains fiberglass and metal, the solid material produced in the pyrolyzing and grinding step will contain fiberglass and metal. The fiberglass and metal are separated from the solid char particles by mechanical means using no caustic, acid or organic solvents. The resulting char may be used, among other things, as a substitute for carbon black in the production of various products such as tires.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 14, 1975
    Date of Patent: July 26, 1977
    Assignee: The Oil Shale Corporation (Tosco)
    Inventor: Charles E. Haberman
  • Patent number: 4038152
    Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the destructive distillation of organic waste materials. An insulated sealed distillator compartment is provided having a plurality of conveyor stages for transporting the waste material through the sealed compartment while subjecting the material to a plurality of increased zones of temperature in order to completely pyrolyze the material and evolve pyrolysis gases. An auger feed apparatus supplys a continuous supply of material to the sealed distillator, while an auger discharge apparatus removes a continuous supply of solid carbonaceous residue from the distillator. The residue can be classified and separated into usable products. The evolved gases may be converted into crude oil and natural gas. A process for destructive distillation of the waste materials is also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 11, 1975
    Date of Patent: July 26, 1977
    Assignee: Wallace-Atkins Oil Corporation
    Inventor: Lyle D. Atkins
  • Patent number: 4030981
    Abstract: Process for making low sulfur oil by reacting aqueous reactive sludges and slurries with hot, pressurized carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas) wherein the wastes are first concentrated by coking in the liquid phase under a pressure of 300 to 3000 psig at a temperature of 400.degree. to 550.degree. F for from 5 minutes to 2 hours.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 16, 1974
    Date of Patent: June 21, 1977
    Assignee: Texaco Inc.
    Inventors: Howard V. Hess, William F. Franz, Edward L. Cole
  • Patent number: 4031189
    Abstract: Process for the preparation of a composition comprised mainly of carbon and containing only a small amount of ash, nitrogen and sulfur, said process comprising:A. drying a hydrous soot with hot flue gas of about 600.degree. C in a direct current-operated dryer to form a dried soot having a water content of about 5 to about 20 percent by weight;B. carbonizing said dried soot in a vertical flue oven by heating at a flue temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1300.degree. C for about 25 to about 40 hours; andC. drying, comminuting and classifying the resulting composition.The composition is useful as a coking agent, filter aid, and in the production of carbon and graphite products.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 25, 1976
    Date of Patent: June 21, 1977
    Assignee: Verkaufsgesellschaft fur Teererzeugnisse (VfT)
    Inventors: Wilfried Gemmeke, Heinrich Werner, Heinz Echterhoff, Erich Raulf
  • Patent number: 4030984
    Abstract: A process and apparatus for feeding scrap tires into a reactor for the recovery of carbonaceous raw materials. The process comprises suspending the tires in a melt chamber having hot gases flowing therethrough at between 250.degree. F and 600.degree. F, allowing the hot gases to flow past the tires, melting the carbonaceous material therein, the melted material being fed into a reactor tube which converts the material to carbonaceous raw materials. The non-meltable portions of the scrap tires, such as metal beads or belted reinforcement, are separated in the melt chamber from the melted scrap tires.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 12, 1975
    Date of Patent: June 21, 1977
    Assignee: Deco Industries
    Inventor: Ren W. Chambers
  • Patent number: 4029550
    Abstract: A process for the dry distillation of used rubber in a fluidized bed-forming oven comprises heating used rubber under agitation in the presence of solid particles to temperatures sufficient to make the rubber pulverized and further heating the thus-obtained rubber particles to temperatures sufficient to pyrolyze the rubber particles while forming a fluidized bed thereof and burning a part thereof in the stream of an oxygen-containing fluidizing gas.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 2, 1974
    Date of Patent: June 14, 1977
    Assignees: Agency of Industrial Science & Technology, Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., Japan Gasoline Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Shigeo Mitsui, Tomiyasu Araki, Kazuhiko Niikawa, Hideo Hosoda, Yoshio Jyo, Ryuichiro Yoda, Giichi Suzuki, Takasi Iijima, Hiroshi Tanaka, Yasutaka Ochiai, Takashi Ise
  • Patent number: 4028068
    Abstract: A process for the production of combustible gas from waste materials and other combustible materials, in which the charge is dried, its combustible parts are subjected to low-temperature carbonization and the low-temperature carbonization gases are converted to combustible gas in a hot reaction bed. The charge is subjected to low-temperature carbonization at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 600.degree. C with the exclusion of air, the resulting solid low-temperature carbonization residues are separated and the low-temperature carbonization gases are continuously drawn through a reaction bed at a temperature of from 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C formed from a solid carbon vehicle and a preheated fresh-air supply, and are converted to high-energy combustible gas in said reaction bed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 26, 1975
    Date of Patent: June 7, 1977
    Inventor: Karl Kiener
  • Patent number: 4014661
    Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a hydrocarbon coke slurry fuel by coking carbonaceous materials in the liquid phase under autogenous pressure to form coke which is then extracted with a combustible hydrocarbon at high temperatures and pressures to produce a dense slurry of coke in the hydrocarbon suitable for use as a fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 17, 1975
    Date of Patent: March 29, 1977
    Assignee: Texaco Inc.
    Inventors: Howard V. Hess, William F. Franz, Edward L. Cole
  • Patent number: 4013516
    Abstract: Apparatus and a proccess for the thermal decomposition of organic material is disclosed wherein the waste solids concentrates are first mixed in a fluidizing tank with a fluidizing oil to form an appropriate mixture which is then dehydrated to remove water from the waste and oil mixture. Subsequently, the waste solids and oil are separated. The resultant dehydrated, substantially oil free organic waste material is then pyrolized within a temperature range of approximately 700.degree. F. to 1800.degree. F. by which lower molecular weight organic compounds are distilled off as organic vapors and gases while a residue of char and ash remain.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 13, 1975
    Date of Patent: March 22, 1977
    Assignee: Hanover Research Corporation
    Inventors: Charles Greenfield, Robert E. Casparian, Anthony J. Bonanno
  • Patent number: 4012202
    Abstract: A pyroscrubber for combustion of large carbon particles in a stream of waste gas, particularly the waste gas from a coke calcination furnace comprises a generally U-shaped combustion chamber having a first passage arranged parallel with (preferably above) a second passage, so that there is a reversal in gas flow direction between the two passages. The combustion chamber has an exhaust gas inlet and an array of air inlets at the inlet end of the first passage. A gas outlet preferably leads laterally out of the side of the structure at the outlet end of the second passage to secure an abrupt change in the direction of gas flow.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 2, 1975
    Date of Patent: March 15, 1977
    Assignee: Alcan Research and Development Limited
    Inventors: Henry James Byrne, Raman Radha Sood, David Michael Stokes
  • Patent number: 4008147
    Abstract: A method for treatment of the heavy hydrocarbonaceous fraction resulting from thermal cracking of high molecular-weight hydrocarbonaceous materials, which method comprises removing light hydrocarbons contained in said fraction by bringing it into contact with a bed packed with refractory inorganic particles at an elevated temperature so as to evaporate said light hydrocarbons and regenerating said refractory inorganic particles-packed bed by incinerating heavy hydrocarbonaceous materials remaining on and/or among said particles in the bed by supplying oxygen to the bed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 29, 1974
    Date of Patent: February 15, 1977
    Assignee: Sumitomo Shipbuilding & Machinery Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Masaki Kondo
  • Patent number: 4005994
    Abstract: Solid waste is fed to a confined zone under pressure and contacted with hydrogen containing gas. Partial conversion of the solid waste to methane occurs and the methane containing gas mixture is removed from the confined zone; it is subsequently purified and methanated so as to be a replacement for natural gas. The remainder of the solid waste is discharged from the confined zone as a carbon containing char which is delivered to a separate reaction zone where it is contacted with steam and oxygen under pressure to convert it to synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide). The synthesis gas is drawn from the reaction chamber and serves as the hydrogen feed gas into the confined zone. Between the two zones, metal and glass are separated from the char by virtue of their much higher density than the carbonaceous char by entrainment of the char in a jet of steam.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 22, 1975
    Date of Patent: February 1, 1977
    Assignee: Syngas Recycling Corporation
    Inventor: Herman F. Feldmann
  • Patent number: 4002534
    Abstract: Lump fuels are continuously coked at a high temperature above 750.degree. C in a shaft oven with direct heating by a hot scavenging gas which is produced by a partial combustion of the coking gas and conducted through the shaft oven in a countercurrent to the lump fuel. A reactive carbonaceous material is added to the hot scavenging gas before it enters the high-temperature coking zone and reacts with the gasifying agents (carbon dioxide and water) contained therein before it is introduced into the shaft oven.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 23, 1974
    Date of Patent: January 11, 1977
    Assignee: Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Roland Rammler, Paul Lange
  • Patent number: 4002457
    Abstract: Spent sulfite liquor is converted into a nitrogen containing water insoluble product useful as a soil conditioner and fertilizer. The spent sulfite liquor is heated at a temperature of 170.degree. to 260.degree. C to form a partially pyrolyzed water insoluble material and the water insoluble material is then reacted with ammonia at a temperature of 170.degree. to 260.degree. C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 11, 1976
    Date of Patent: January 11, 1977
    Assignee: International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation
    Inventors: Karl David Sears, Franklin Willard Herrick
  • Patent number: 3998756
    Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing activated carbonaceous material from sewage sludge by treating the sludge with sulfuric acid and then subjecting the mixture to elevated temperatures of about 150.degree. to about 350.degree. C. The activated material can be used as an adsorbent in any of the conventional processes employing powdered activated carbon, for example, waste water treatment.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 17, 1974
    Date of Patent: December 21, 1976
    Assignee: Hercules Incorporated
    Inventor: Gordon Sutherland
  • Patent number: 3997407
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for disposal of rubber wastes is provided wherein rubber wastes such as scrap tires are dry-distilled in a vertical dry distillation retort of an internal heating type having a rotary discharge chute with a water seal, valuable substances contained in the rubber wastes, such as carbon black and oil, are effectively recovered and dry-distilled gas is used as a heat source for the dry distillation of the rubber wastes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 3, 1975
    Date of Patent: December 14, 1976
    Assignee: Fuji Kasui Engineering Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Heihachiro Fujii, Shiro Nebashi, Yoshimasa Zaitsu
  • Patent number: 3985820
    Abstract: A process for cracking thermoplastic polymers to valuable products, primarily their monomers, comprising the following steps:A. converting the polymer into a liquid or fluidized stage;B. introducing the polymer from step (a) in droplet or particulate form into a reaction zone and admixing said polymer with a hot inert gas or mixture of hot inert gases in the reaction zoneWherein the weight ratio of gas to polymer is about 1 to about 8 parts of gas per part of polymer; the temperature of the gas is such as to heat the polymer to a temperature in the range of about 800.degree.C. to about 1050.degree.C.; and the residence time in the reaction zone is about 10 to about 100 milliseconds; andC. quenching the recovering product.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 20, 1974
    Date of Patent: October 12, 1976
    Assignee: Union Carbide Corporation
    Inventors: Charles W. Albright, George E. Keller, II
  • Patent number: 3985637
    Abstract: A substance to be treated for the production therefrom of useful products (usually decomposition products) is formed into a bed on a perforate support, the bed having a thickness of up to about one inch. An inert atmosphere is maintained above and in contact with the bed in a substantially closed space of constant volume. The bed is heated to progressively increasing temperatures by means of a radiant heat source located in the closed space at a distance of up to one and one-half inches above the upper surface of the bed. As the bed is heated, liquid products are educted from the substance and are removed by the force of gravity from the bottom of the bed through the perforate support.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 22, 1974
    Date of Patent: October 12, 1976
    Inventor: Kindred L. Storrs
  • Patent number: 3984288
    Abstract: A method for the treatment of rubber and plastic wastes, comprising in series the steps of1. heating and melting rubber and plastic wastes at a temperature (T.sub.1) to extrude the molten wastes with one or a plurality of extruders into one or a plurality of decomposing zones,2. heating the molten wastes in the decomposing zone at a higher temperature (T.sub.2) than the heating temperature (T.sub.1) in the extruder to prepare decomposed products while optionally separating residues therefrom,3. introducing the decomposed products into a dry-distilling zone while optionally heating the separated residues in a residue removal zone at an even higher temperature (T.sub.3) than the heating temperature (T.sub.2) in the decomposing zone to remove the residues from the residue removal zone when residues are separated in the decomposing zone,4. heating the decomposed products in the dry-distilling zone at a lower temperature (T.sub.4) than the heating temperature (T.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 4, 1974
    Date of Patent: October 5, 1976
    Assignee: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Masaaki Yoshida, Masao Watanabe, Kimio Tohma, Mitsuhiko Noda
  • Patent number: 3971704
    Abstract: Waste, preferably in a pre-dried state, is passed through a carbonizing oven chamber, from the top towards the bottom and is carbonized therein through interaction with a counter flow of heated gas; that gas together with carbonization gas is taken from the chamber and pre-cleaned (to remove condensates); a portion of the pre-cleaned gas is heated and used as carbonization producing and sustaining gas; the remainder of the pre-cleaned gas is washed and used otherwise, for example, as combustion fuel in a heater for the pre-cleaned gas that will then be used as carbonizing agent. The carbonizing oven chamber can be of various construction such as a pit furnace or a revolving oven. Preferred is to commence carbonization of waste in the chamber through a thermo shock.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 1973
    Date of Patent: July 27, 1976
    Assignee: Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Jurgen von Klenck, Erich Michel, Klaus-Dieter Gerstenacker
  • Patent number: 3971705
    Abstract: Char from the waste liquor of a pulp manufacturing process is produced by confining the waste liquor in a container and feeding the container into an air heating furnace in a manner such that the container is contacted countercurrently with heated air without rotating or stirring the container.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 17, 1974
    Date of Patent: July 27, 1976
    Assignee: Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Toshimasa Norita, Hisato Ibara, Masahiro Murakami, Masao Okano
  • Patent number: T965002
    Abstract: scrap rubber is pyrolyzed in the substantial absence of air and treated with steam. The steam treatment can be carried out simultaneously with the pyrolysis or subsequently or it may be carried out both in part simultaneously with the pyrolysis and subsequently. Different products are obtained.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 7, 1977
    Date of Patent: December 6, 1977
    Assignee: The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company
    Inventors: Grant Crane, Edward L. Kay