In A Moving Bed Patents (Class 201/32)
-
Patent number: 4141793Abstract: A horizontal circulating carbonizer comprising an annular horizontally rotatable circulating hearth disposed rotatably, a carbonizer body covering said hearth, a coal feeder equipped on the carbonizer body, a preheating zone disposed in the vicinity of said feed coal supply opening, a carbonizing zone connected to said preheating zone, a cooling zone connected to the carbonizing zone, and a discharger of cooled coke, and a process for the preparation of coke using this horizontal circulating carbonizer.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 1976Date of Patent: February 27, 1979Assignee: Nissho-Iwai Co., Ltd.Inventors: Yutaka Aoki, Akira Hase, Jiro Ito, Hisomu Nagai
-
Patent number: 4126519Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing a continuous thermal treatment of organic carbonaceous materials under controlled pressure in which the feed material is introduced into the system in the form of a slurry, and the level of liquid is maintained at a preselected operating level, serving as a gas-tight seal. The feed material is conveyed upwardly of the liquid operating level and is thereafter introduced into a reaction chamber in which it is heated to within a controlled elevated temperature range under controlled pressure in a manner to effect vaporization of at least a portion of the volatile substances therein, forming a gaseous phase composed of condensible and noncondensible vapors.Type: GrantFiled: September 12, 1977Date of Patent: November 21, 1978Assignee: Edward KoppelmanInventor: Robert G. Murray
-
Patent number: 4122036Abstract: A method of pyrolyzing sewage sludge to transform the same into activated carbon, with the combustible pyrogas and volatile liquids included therewith that arise from the pyrolysis operation being burned to sustain the transformation operation. A first portion of the hot activated carbon resulting from the operation is mixed with the wet sewage sludge to provide a dry sludge mixture that is subsequently subjected to the pyrolyzing operation. Water vapor that discharges as the hot activated carbon is mixed with the wet sewage sludge is heated by the burning of the pyrogas and transformed to steam. The resulting steam is in contact with the dry mixture during the pyrolyzing operation, and as a result the dry mixture is transformed to activated carbon. A second portion of the resulting activated carbon is separated from the first portion thereof, with this second portion being available for use apart from the method.Type: GrantFiled: January 7, 1977Date of Patent: October 24, 1978Assignee: Waterfront N.V.Inventor: Frederick Michael Lewis
-
Patent number: 4108732Abstract: A method for mixing a stream of particulate carbonaceous material with another stream of particulate material in a reaction zone maintained substantially free of free oxygen, which method is especially useful for mixing a stream of particulate agglomerative carbonaceous material with a stream of particulate heat-supplying material to produce valuable gaseous, liquid and solid products. This invention discloses a number of apparatuses useful for mixing streams of particulate material in a reactor maintained substantially free of free oxygen.Type: GrantFiled: December 3, 1976Date of Patent: August 22, 1978Assignee: Occidental Petroleum CorporationInventor: Herbert E. Nuttall, Jr.
-
Patent number: 4106997Abstract: The invention comprises methods for converting a supply of solid, naturally occurring coal and like hydrocarbon material to a plastic-like condition solely by the application of heat, and without employing any extraneous additives, and conducting the plastic-like conditioned material to a pressurized receiver.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 1977Date of Patent: August 15, 1978Assignee: Ingersoll-Rand Research, Inc.Inventors: Victor Kevorkian, Francis J. Cumings
-
Patent number: 4102773Abstract: In a continuous process for recovery of values contained in a solid carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material is comminuted and then subjected to flash pyrolysis in the presence of a particulate heat source over an overflow weir to form a pyrolysis product stream containing a carbon containing solid residue and volatilized hydrocarbons. After the carbon containing solid residue is separated from the pyrolysis product stream, values are obtained by condensing volatilized hydrocarbons. The particulate source of heat is formed by oxidizing carbon in the solid residue and separating out the fines.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1976Date of Patent: July 25, 1978Assignee: Occidental Petroleum CorporationInventors: Norman W. Green, Kandaswamy Duraiswamy, Robert E. Lumpkin
-
Patent number: 4101263Abstract: Nongaseous carbonaceous material is heated by a method comprising introducing tangentially a first stream containing a nongaseous carbonaceous material and carbon monoxide into a reaction zone; simultaneously and separately introducing a second stream containing oxygen into the reaction zone such that the oxygen enters the reaction zone away from the wall thereof and reacts with the first stream thereby producing a gaseous product and heating the nongaseous carbonaceous material; forming an outer spiralling vortex within the reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases, including the gaseous product, from the nongaseous carbonaceous material; removing a third stream from the reaction zone containing the gaseous product which is substantially free of the nongaseous carbonaceous material before a major portion of the gaseous product can react with the nongaseous carbonaceous material; and removing a fourth stream containing the nongaseous carbonaceous material from the reaction zone.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1976Date of Patent: July 18, 1978Assignee: Occidental Petroleum CorporationInventor: Robert E. Lumpkin, Jr.
-
Patent number: 4100032Abstract: A process for carbonizing lignite coal in a Herreshoff Carbonizer of a multi-hearth type. The novel process comprises the steps of introducing given quantities of lignite in the first and succeeding hearths while introducing sufficient quantities of combustion air and fuel to ignite the fuel and to raise the temperature of the hearths until the process is self-sustaining as a result of the combustion of the volatiles driven off of the lignite. The hearth temperatures range approximately 1450.degree. to 1620.degree. F in the first furnace hearth with the second furnace hearth ranging approximately 1650.degree. to 1800.degree. F and the third furnace hearth ranging approximately 1650.degree. to 1890.degree. F. Sufficient combustion air is introduced into various hearths of the furnace to insure complete combustion in at least the first hearth and in the stack of the volatiles being driven off thereby making the process self-sustaining, allowing the introductory fuel to be cut off.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1977Date of Patent: July 11, 1978Assignee: Husky Industries Inc.Inventor: Anton J. Elberg
-
Patent number: 4098649Abstract: Apparatus and the method of converting organic material such as that separated from municipal and industrial waste into useful products by using a form of an extruder in a continuous destructive distillation process and in which the material being processes is compressed in the extruder in the absence of air and is heated to carefully controlled temperatures in separate zones to extract different products from each of the zones.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 1976Date of Patent: July 4, 1978Assignee: Redker-Young Processes, Inc.Inventor: Donald S. Redker
-
Patent number: 4096038Abstract: Method and apparatus for the heat treatment of volatile containing materials in a rotary hearth type furnace wherein the flue gases emanating from the calciner are employed to create either a positive or negative pressure within the calciner hearth as well as the soaking pit area of the said calciner.Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 1976Date of Patent: June 20, 1978Assignee: Salem Furnace Co.Inventors: Ray E. Kranz, William E. Solano, Beverly E. Johnson
-
Patent number: 4092098Abstract: Temperature control is often a problem in direct-fired rotary kilns for the pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials wherein at least part of the thermal energy for pyrolysis is obtained by in situ combustion of the pyrolysis gases. The present process and apparatus provides a means by which temperature control, and particularly reduction in intensity of the fireball at the burner end of the kiln and/or moving the fireball away from the burner hood. This is accomplished by (1) controlling the velocity of any burner gases and the velocity of the in situ air (or other oxygen-containing gas) and (2) the distribution of the in situ air at the burner end of the kiln, such that a Craya-Curtet number of at least 0.2, and preferably at least 0.4, is obtained.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 1976Date of Patent: May 30, 1978Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Donald E. Honaker, Louis J. Jacobs, Jr.
-
Patent number: 4083770Abstract: In gas-solids contacting processes involving the transfer of granular solids from a high-temperature, non-oxidizing treating zone through an enclosed conduit to a combustion zone, the transfer of gases between the treating zone and the combustion zone is prevented by using a novel steam sealing technique which avoids the use of mechanical sealing means and differential pressure controllers. Steam is injected into the system between the two contacting zones, and by the use of flow rate controllers and a pressure controller, a portion of such steam is forced at all times to flow through the combustion zone, while another portion thereof is withdrawn from the transfer conduit in admixture with a portion of net off-gas from the treating zone. The control system is particularly adapted for use in oil shale retorting, wherein coke on the retorted shale is burned in a combustion zone.Type: GrantFiled: August 30, 1976Date of Patent: April 11, 1978Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventor: Roland F. Deering
-
Patent number: 4082645Abstract: In the process for recovering energy values from oil shale by the cross-flow retort technique, an improvement is disclosed wherein controlled oxidation of non-vaporizable carbonaceous residue not only provides additional heat for the continuation of the oil educing process without application of external heat but also enables the continuation of a temperature profile which is below that at which adverse chemical and physical changes occur in the shale. According to the invention the moving bed is removed from exposure to external heat as soon as oil eduction has been completed in the upper bed regions. It is thereafter immediately exposed to unheated gases containing measured amounts of oxygen. Oxidation is initiated in those regions of the bed which are above about 800.degree. F. The heat generated by such oxidation may be utilized, in place of externally heated gases, to transfer heat to the lower regions of the bed for oil eduction from those lower regions.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1976Date of Patent: April 4, 1978Assignee: The Superior Oil CompanyInventors: John H. Knight, Lewis A. St. Cyr, Omer L. Wilson
-
Patent number: 4052265Abstract: Organic and pseudo-organic materials such as waste materials, for example, are processed in a converter system and decomposed into various usable and reusable forms. Inorganic metals and salts are treated likewise in the same converter system and processed into various usable and reusable forms. While being carried by a conveyor through a controlled atmosphere treatment chamber, virtually free from combustion supporting air or other oxidizing agents, the feed material is caused to progressively thermally break down into its more basic constituents which flow out of the material treatment chamber in a continuous liquid and gaseous vapor stream. Negative pressure is applied upstream from the material treatment chamber to lead the liquid and gaseous vapor stream through successive processing stages of collection containers, condensers and gas scrubbers. The variable negative pressure is sufficient to maintain the pressure in the material treatment chamber within a range of slightly above ambient pressure.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 1976Date of Patent: October 4, 1977Inventor: Klaus M. Kemp
-
Patent number: 4052293Abstract: A closed self-contained system (method and apparatus) for efficiently extracting oil and other hydrocarbons from oil-bearing hydrocarbonaceous solid material, which may be preheated to remove water and hydrocarbons which vaporize below about 600.degree. F., is advanced in the form of discrete individual pieces along a pathway in a substantially evacuated zone (e.g., less than 50 torr) while in the presence of heat energy sufficient to raise the temperature of the shale (e.g., to 600.degree. to no more than 900.degree. F.) to cause the oil and other hydrocarbons to be liberated as a vapor in the evacuated zone. The hydrocarbonaceous solid material advances in proximity with at least one condenser surface so that oil and other hydrocarbons are condensed and recovered from the liberated vapor. The system operates at temperatures which are at all times below 900.degree. F., and generally below 700.degree. F.Type: GrantFiled: October 10, 1975Date of Patent: October 4, 1977Assignee: CRYO-MAID Inc.Inventors: James L. Mercer, Hachiro J. Togashi
-
Patent number: 4050900Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out various methods of material incineration includes an elongated combustion chamber housing a continuous conveyor belt supported beneath infrared heating units, air flow means to the combustion chamber and to the heating units to supply needed oxygen for cooling the heating units, a gas discharge system connected with the inlet end of the combustion chamber for counterflow of combustion gases, means for discharging the treated material at the end of the combustion chamber, and means for feeding the material to be treated into the combustion chamber. In a specific form of the system for sewage sludge treatment, the feed system includes means for grinding the sewage sludge and for pre-heating it to drive off moisture and fragment the particles.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1975Date of Patent: September 27, 1977Assignee: Shirco, Ltd.Inventors: Jim F. Hobbs, Craig Smyser
-
Patent number: 4039427Abstract: A process for the recovery of oil from oil-bearing shale and for employing the oil-depleted shale as a combustible heat source. The oil-bearing shale is charged on a traveling grate to form a burden. A bed of oil-depleted shale having uncombusted carbon and hydrocarbons is provided, and those uncombusted materials are combusted to raise the temperature of the bed to above about 1000.degree. F. A reducing atmosphere is passed through the oil-depleted and combusted bed to raise the temperature of the reducing atmosphere. The heated reducing atmosphere is then passed through the burden to raise the temperature of the oil shale to at least 800.degree. F. and to thereby educt oil from the oil shale. In another embodiment, the combusted oil-depleted material is layered onto the oil-bearing and the reducing atmosphere is passed sequentially through the oil-depleted and oil-bearing material.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1975Date of Patent: August 2, 1977Assignee: McDowell-Wellman Engineering CompanyInventor: Thomas E. Ban
-
Patent number: 4038153Abstract: Pulverulent coke and granular reactive coke are produced, respectively, from fines and grains of coal of grades which are not normally usable for coking, containing more than 15% of volatile matter and having a swelling index between 1 and 8, by carbonization between 600.degree. C and 1100.degree. C, wherein combustion air in excess of that which would be necessary to bring the coke to the desired coking temperature is introduced into a slightly inclined rotary tubular oven through which the coal passes during its conversion into coke, the air introduction being effected between the coke outlet and the zone in which the product reaches its maximum temperature and being controlled so that the temperature of the gases issuing from the oven is kept above 600.degree. C. At least 60% of the air is preferably introduced at the downstream end of the oven, and further air may be introduced at intermediate points along the oven length.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 1975Date of Patent: July 26, 1977Assignee: Houilleres du Bassin de LorraineInventors: Jean Deruelle, Olivier Penet
-
Patent number: 4030984Abstract: A process and apparatus for feeding scrap tires into a reactor for the recovery of carbonaceous raw materials. The process comprises suspending the tires in a melt chamber having hot gases flowing therethrough at between 250.degree. F and 600.degree. F, allowing the hot gases to flow past the tires, melting the carbonaceous material therein, the melted material being fed into a reactor tube which converts the material to carbonaceous raw materials. The non-meltable portions of the scrap tires, such as metal beads or belted reinforcement, are separated in the melt chamber from the melted scrap tires.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 1975Date of Patent: June 21, 1977Assignee: Deco IndustriesInventor: Ren W. Chambers
-
Patent number: 4025416Abstract: Crushed oil shale is subjected to eduction in a solids-upflow or -downflow retort in contact with a preheated counter-currently flowing eduction gas comprising a recycled portion of the retort make gases. The problem of shale particle agglomeration is avoided by correlating the eduction gas flow rate and temperature so as to insure that the 750.degree.-850.degree. F shale temperature interval in the retort is maintained at a level sufficiently high in the retort that the total shale, or "rock" pressure bearing down on said interval is insufficient to bring about agglomeration. It is found that the problem of agglomeration is critical to the 750.degree.-850.degree. F temperature range, and that there is a definite correlation between the oil assay of the raw shale and the permissible rock pressure which the shale particles in this temperature range can withstand without undergoing agglomeration. Provision is made for shifting the 750.degree.-850.degree. F zone upwardly or downwardly in the retort.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1975Date of Patent: May 24, 1977Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventors: Roland F. Deering, Roland O. Dhondt, Thomas A. Seesee
-
Patent number: 4022569Abstract: In the calcination of petroleum coke or the like in a rotary kiln, utilizing controlled air supply intermediate the ends of the kiln to burn removed volatiles and thereby generate all or nearly all of the heat required, highly effective control procedure includes establishing and repeatedly re-establishing target values for temperatures of exit gas and discharging product respectively at opposite ends of the kiln, such target temperatures representing conditions of desired position of the calcining zone and desired physical character of the calcined product which is achieved by proper maximum temperature in said zone. The procedure further includes adjusting one or more of the variables of combustion air supply, RPM of the kiln, and green coke feed rate so as to keep the end temperatures at target value.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1975Date of Patent: May 10, 1977Assignee: Alcan Research and Development LimitedInventors: Frank John Farago, Dale Gordon Retallack, Raman Radha Sood
-
Patent number: 4004982Abstract: In a continuous, solids upflow, gas downflow shale retorting process carried out at superatmospheric pressures, hydrostatic sealing means are provided at the shale inlet and retorted shale outlet ends of the retort, thereby avoiding the need for mechanical sealing means, lock vessels, etc. The raw shale is fed into the retort through a standing reservoir of product oil, or preferably a light fraction thereof, and the retorted shale is discharged from the retort through a water quenching zone and seal, in the lower portion of which is maintained a sufficient hydrostatic head of water to prevent the discharge therethrough of retort gases. Steam generated in the quench zone, containing some entrained hydrocarbonaceous matter, is treated in a multistage cooling and condensing manner for gas cleanup and for recovery of heat and an oil-free water condensate for recycle to the water sealing and quench zones.Type: GrantFiled: May 5, 1976Date of Patent: January 25, 1977Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventors: Don C. Jennings, Roland O. Dhondt
-
Patent number: 4003797Abstract: In a continuous, solids upflow, gas downflow shale retorting process carried out at superatmospheric pressures, hydrostatic sealing means are provided at the shale inlet and retorted shale outlet ends of the retort, thereby avoiding the need for mechanical sealing means, lock vessels, etc. The raw shale is fed into the retort through a standing reservoir of product oil, or preferably a light fraction thereof, and the retorted shale is discharged from the retort through a water quenching zone and seal, in the lower portion of which is maintained a sufficient hydrostatic head of water to prevent the discharge therethrough of retort gases. Steam generated in the quench zone, containing some entrained hydrocarbonaceous matter, is treated in a multistage cooling and condensing manner for gas cleanup and for recovery of heat and an oil-free water condensate for recycle to the water sealing and quench zones.Type: GrantFiled: May 5, 1976Date of Patent: January 18, 1977Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventors: George D. Cheadle, Roland O. Dhondt
-
Patent number: 3998703Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the heat treatment of materials on a traveling hearth mounted on a horizontal plane and rotated on a vertical axis within a substantially air-tight enclosure. The materials on the hearth are deposited thereon in separate and distinct rows and retained in separate rows while undergoing heat treatment within the enclosure. The material in one of said rows is capable of evolving volatiles when the materials are subjected to a heat treatment and the evolved volatiles rise and are dispersed in the upper portion of the enclosure where the same will combine with an oxidant such as air and/or oxygen which is admitted into this portion of the enclosure. The mixture of evolved volatiles and oxidants such as air and/or oxygen will combust in the upper portion of the enclosure.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 1975Date of Patent: December 21, 1976Assignee: Salem CorporationInventor: John B. Harrell
-
Patent number: 3985637Abstract: A substance to be treated for the production therefrom of useful products (usually decomposition products) is formed into a bed on a perforate support, the bed having a thickness of up to about one inch. An inert atmosphere is maintained above and in contact with the bed in a substantially closed space of constant volume. The bed is heated to progressively increasing temperatures by means of a radiant heat source located in the closed space at a distance of up to one and one-half inches above the upper surface of the bed. As the bed is heated, liquid products are educted from the substance and are removed by the force of gravity from the bottom of the bed through the perforate support.Type: GrantFiled: May 22, 1974Date of Patent: October 12, 1976Inventor: Kindred L. Storrs
-
Patent number: 3976548Abstract: Apparatus and methods for processing coal and like material, wherein the material is converted by heat into plastic-like condition and then supplied to a pressurized receiver such as a coal gasification reactor or a synthesis gas generator.Type: GrantFiled: December 3, 1974Date of Patent: August 24, 1976Assignee: Ingersoll-Rand Research Inc.Inventors: Victor Kevorkian, Francis J. Cumings
-
Patent number: 3971704Abstract: Waste, preferably in a pre-dried state, is passed through a carbonizing oven chamber, from the top towards the bottom and is carbonized therein through interaction with a counter flow of heated gas; that gas together with carbonization gas is taken from the chamber and pre-cleaned (to remove condensates); a portion of the pre-cleaned gas is heated and used as carbonization producing and sustaining gas; the remainder of the pre-cleaned gas is washed and used otherwise, for example, as combustion fuel in a heater for the pre-cleaned gas that will then be used as carbonizing agent. The carbonizing oven chamber can be of various construction such as a pit furnace or a revolving oven. Preferred is to commence carbonization of waste in the chamber through a thermo shock.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 1973Date of Patent: July 27, 1976Assignee: Mannesmann AktiengesellschaftInventors: Jurgen von Klenck, Erich Michel, Klaus-Dieter Gerstenacker
-
Patent number: 3971705Abstract: Char from the waste liquor of a pulp manufacturing process is produced by confining the waste liquor in a container and feeding the container into an air heating furnace in a manner such that the container is contacted countercurrently with heated air without rotating or stirring the container.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1974Date of Patent: July 27, 1976Assignee: Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.Inventors: Toshimasa Norita, Hisato Ibara, Masahiro Murakami, Masao Okano
-
Patent number: 3966560Abstract: In the calcination of petroleum coke in a rotary kiln, procedure wherein air is controllably supplied internally of the kiln to burn the removed volatiles, as by selection or adjustment of the amount of such air and of the speed of coke travel down the kiln, so that all or nearly all of the heat for calcining the coke is provided by such combustion, and so that a suitably high temperature is reached for effective calcination at an efficiently large feed rate of coke, a special feature being to maintain a significantly long travel time of the coke from a region of intense calcining activity to the product discharge end of the kiln. High production rates, of coke calcined well and uniformly, are economically attained, with ease of control and with unusual stability of kiln operation.Type: GrantFiled: May 6, 1974Date of Patent: June 29, 1976Assignee: Alcan Research and Development LimitedInventors: Frank John Farago, Raman Radha Sood, David Michael Stokes
-
Patent number: 3966561Abstract: Carbonization of coal in travelling grate furnace with hot gas inlets below the grate. A refractory screen is provided above the grate to provide a flame propagation base for the volatile gases withdrawn from the coal on the grate. The combustion zone above the refractory screen provides radiant heat to vaporize volatiles present in the coal on the grate.The coal to be treated may be in the form of briquettes or an extruded slab. When an extruded slab of slurried coal is used the thermal shock on first entering the carbonization chamber results in the formation of carbon granules.Type: GrantFiled: September 23, 1974Date of Patent: June 29, 1976Assignee: International Oils Exploration N.L.Inventor: David William Hinkley
-
Patent number: 3950267Abstract: High quality activated carbon is produced by charging a mixture of an organic material such as wood, anthracite coal, brown coal, coconut husk, and a material containing metal oxide, metal carbonate or metal hydroxide, such as iron ore and lime, into an internal heating rotary furnace, preferably, having an internal space with a length of 1 to 10 times the diameter thereof, through an end of the rotary furnace, blowing air or oxygen gas into the internal space through an opposite end thereof, burning the distilled gas from the organic material and carbon monoxide generated by the reaction of the organic material with the metal oxide, carbonate or hydroxide, and uniformly circulating the burnt gas in the internal space to maintain the internal space at the reduction temperature.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1973Date of Patent: April 13, 1976Assignees: Japan Eng. Co., Ltd., Nippon Iron Powder Co., Ltd.Inventors: Hideo Arakawa, Tatsuo Hasebe, Shigeru Sato
-
Patent number: 3945890Abstract: Organic and pseudo-organic materials, such as waste materials, for example, are processed in a converter system and decomposed into various usable and reusable forms. Inorganic metals and salts are treated likewise in the same converter system and processed into various usable and reusable forms. While being carried by a conveyor through a controlled atmosphere treatment chamber, virtually free from combustion supporting air or other oxidizing agents, the feed material is caused to progressively thermally break down into its more basic constituents which flow out of the material treatment chamber in a continuous liquid and gaseous vapor stream. Negative pressure is applied upstream from the material treatment chamber to lead the liquid and gaseous vapor stream through successive processing stages of collection containers, condensers and gas scrubbers. The variable negative pressure is sufficient to maintain the pressure in the material treatment chamber within a range of slightly above ambient pressure.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 1974Date of Patent: March 23, 1976Inventor: Klaus M. Kemp