Abstract: An apparatus for dealcoholizing alcoholic beverage comprising: a first receptacle comprising means to receive alcoholic beverage, a second receptacle comprising means receive in fluid, a third receptacle arranged to receive alcoholic beverage from the first receptacle, said third receptacle being further connected to the second receptacle, means for producing vacuum at least functionally connected to at least the third receptacle to lower pressure therein, fractionating means at least partially inside the second receptacle, the fractionating means functionally connecting the second and third receptacle, wherein the apparatus is arranged to facilitate vacuum distillation for the alcoholic beverage so that vaporizing ethanol from the alcoholic beverage travels via the fractionating means to the second so that the vaporized ethanol is dissolved with the fluid in the second receptacle. Corresponding method for dealcoholization is presented.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating fluid and distilling fluid includes a main tank for containing fluid to be heated by a main gas heater, the main gas heater including a pilot light for heating the main tank, a condensing tank for passing fluid to the main tank, the condensing tank containing one or more heat conducting rods that allow heat to be conducted to the lower region of the condensing tank, an evaporator tank for vaporizing fluid received therein, the evaporator tank being heated by the pilot light, a condensing coil, disposed in the condensing tank, for exchanging heat between fluid vaporized by the evaporator tank and fluid in the condensing tank, a holding tank for receiving fluid from a main source, a delaying float bowl tank to receive fluid from the holding tank, the delaying float bowl tank including a first fluid flow regulator for regulating fluid flow to the evaporator tank according to an amount of fluid in the delaying float bowl tank, and a distillate tank for receiving condensed fluid from the c

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed toward a novel pressurized vapor cycle for distilling liquids. In some embodiments of the invention, a liquid purification system is revealed, including the elements of an input for receiving untreated liquid, a vaporizer coupled to the input for transforming the liquid to vapor, a head chamber for collecting the vapor, a vapor pump with an internal drive shaft and an eccentric rotor with a rotatable housing for compressing vapor, and a condenser in communication with the vapor pump for transforming the compressed vapor into a distilled product. Other embodiments of the invention are directed toward heat management, and other process enhancements for making the system especially efficient.

Abstract: An ejector-type refrigeration cycle includes an upstream side gas-liquid separator that separates a refrigerant that has flowed out of a diffuser portion of an ejector into gas and liquid and allows the separated liquid-phase refrigerant to flow to an evaporator without storing the separated liquid-phase refrigerant, and a downstream side gas-liquid separator that separates the refrigerant flowing out of the upstream side gas-liquid separator into gas and liquid, stores the separated liquid-phase refrigerant, and allows the separated gas-phase refrigerant to flow out toward an inlet side of a compressor. The ejector-type refrigeration cycle includes a refrigerant oil bypass passage for introducing a refrigerator oil within the diffuser portion into the downstream side gas-liquid separator.

Abstract: A steam heating type sewage treatment device includes: a treatment tank connected to a sewage supply pipe, a stirring device disposed in the treatment tank; a steam heating device disposed on an outer surface of the treatment tank; a vacuuming device fixed to a top of the treatment tank and connected to the treatment tank via a first connecting pipe; a heating device connected to the treatment tank by a second connecting pipe and connected to a steam storage tank by a third connecting pipe, and a fourth connecting pipe connected between the steam input pipe and the steam storage tank to recycle the steam. The heating device pressurizes or heats the steam entering the vacuuming device and the connecting pipes, and the heated steam is guided by pipes into the steam heating device, thus achieving the effect of steam recycling.

Abstract: A desalination method includes: introducing a liquid to a reservoir layer to place the liquid above a water-repellent particle layer; heating and evaporating the liquid placed above the water-repellent particle layer to generate water vapor and deposit impurities on the sheet; liquefying the water vapor by a liquefying layer to obtain fresh water; and removing the sheet on which the impurities have been deposited from a desalination apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting water from atmospheric air by means of a flowable sorbent for the sorption of the water, wherein the sorption by way of the flowable sorbent (3) is provided at least along a sorption path (2) of the sorbent (3), wherein a sorbent (4) diluted with sorbed water (17) is provided at the end of the sorption path (2), wherein a separation unit (12) for at least partially separating the sorbed water (17) from the flowable sorbent (3, 4) is provided, wherein the separation unit (12) has at least one evaporator (12) for the evaporation of the sorbed water (17), is proposed, which apparatus can be operated in an energy-efficient manner and is not imperatively reliant on the presence of solar energy. This is achieved according to the invention in that the separation unit (12) has at least one negative-pressure compressor (16) for subjecting the diluted sorbent (4) to negative pressure.

Abstract: A super conductor is disclosed, in particular a high temperature super conductor of a synchronous machine, including a cooling circuit for a coolant. The liquefied coolant in the cold head provided with a condenser is guided to the super conductor which is to be cooled, in particular in the rotor of the synchronous machine and is returned to the condenser in a gaseous form. In order to guide the coolant from the condenser to the super conductor, pressure generated by a component of the coolant evaporated by a heat source is used.

Abstract: A SCC (Spinning Cone Column) includes a housing having a rotation axis, a supply part of at least one reactant formed inside of the housing, at least two spinning cones that are installed so as to have a constant gradient from the upper part to the lower part to the rotation axis, move reactants supplied through the reactant supply part, and rotate around the rotation axis, a fixed cone that is fixed and formed on the inner side of the housing, and provides a pathway for sequentially moving reactant from a spinning cone at the upper part to a spinning cone at the lower part, a product collection part for collecting reactants moved through the spinning cone and the fixed cone, and a driving part for rotating the spinning cone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system comprising an evaporation unit comprising a first heat exchanger in fluid communication with a second heat exchanger; where the first heat exchanger is operative to heat an effluent stream comprising an amine solvent and/or amine byproducts and water and to discharge the effluent stream to the second heat exchanger; where the second heat exchanger is operative to convert the effluent stream into a distillate stream and a concentrate stream; and a reverse osmosis unit in fluid communication with the evaporation unit; where the reverse osmosis unit comprises a first reverse osmosis unit that is operative to receive the distillate stream and to separate water from byproducts of the amine solvent such that the water has a purity of greater than 95%, based on the weight of the distillate stream.

Abstract: A reactor comprising a vessel; a fluid dispensing system having a plurality of ports arranged lengthwise along the inner surface of the vessel to distribute the fluid thereon in a controlled manner to maintain substantially uniform thin film flow along the length of the inner surface; and an outlet for removing vapor. A system comprising a fluid source; a first vessel; a heat exchanger for preheating the fluid; a first pathway for directing a preheating fluid from the first vessel to the heat exchanger; and a second pathway for directing preheated fluid toward the first vessel for processing. A method comprising introducing a fluid; distributing the fluid in a controlled manner to form a substantially uniform thin film flow an inner surface of a vessel; evaporating fluid; and removing vapor. A method comprising introducing a fluid; processing the fluid; directing processed fluid into another vessel; and further processing the fluid.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing high purity sulfuric acid is provided. A mixed solution subsequently undergoes a first preheating step, a second preheating step, a distilling step and an evaporating step to remove peroxide, water, oxygen and insoluble impurities, so as to obtain the first gas containing sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid and hydrogen oxide. And then, the sulfur trioxide is absorbed by a sulfuric acid solution, thereby forming the high purity sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The solar, water desalination system includes a desalination chamber where fine water droplets are injected upward by an air atomizer towards an air-cooled condenser. Hot saline water is ejected vertically upward to double the contact time between the droplets and the surrounding air. The air is preheated by solar energy in parallel with an auxiliary heater to prevent lowering of the droplet temperature. Pumped air functions as a condensation media and to pull the salt water into the atomizer. This arrangement improves the heat and mass transfer inside the desalination chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a pure liquid manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing pure liquid such as pure water efficiently. Together with a series of units, from a heating unit to a condensation unit, for obtaining pure liquid from vapor, a drain tank unit for storing liquid is disposed, after the liquid discharged from the vaporization unit and the separation unit and new liquid are mixed in advance in the drain tank unit, the mixed liquid is pressurized by a pump unit and supplied to the heating unit. Consequently, the drain tank unit serves as a buffer for pressure, thus making it possible to maintain easily the pressure in the respective units such as the vaporization unit, etc., and reduce load of a vacuum exhaust unit to ensure a reduced pressure state, and dispose the required minimum valves for maintaining the pressure, thereby achieving the simplification of the apparatus structure.

Abstract: A system and method for treating waste water includes: receiving waste water at a first pressure and a first temperature, the waste water including dissolved solids and volatile organic compounds; pressurizing, by a pump, the received waste water to a second pressure greater than the first pressure; preheating, by a preheater, the pressurized waste water to produce distilled water and a pressurized/preheated waste water; heating, by a heater, the pressurized/preheated waste water to a second temperature greater than the first temperature to produce pressurized/heated waste water; removing, by a flash evaporator, dissolved solids from the pressurized/heated waste water by evaporation to produce steam and brine water, wherein the brine water has a total dissolved solids content greater than a total dissolved solids content of the received waste water; and crystallizing, by a plasma crystallizer, the brine water to produce a solid mass of waste product and steam.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for liquid purification using regenerating heat exchange are disclosed. An apparatus, in one embodiment, includes a liquid receptacle, a heat exchanger, a heating mechanism, a compressor, and a condenser. While the liquid receptacle is able to receive a stream of liquid such as water, a heat exchanger pushes the liquid through the heat exchanger to increase temperature of the liquid. The heating mechanism is capable of facilitating phase transition of the liquid from liquid to vapor. The compressor is operable to guide the vapor and the condenser is configured to condense the vapor into liquid or purified liquid.

Abstract: A water purification system having an oil and vapor separation subsystem for removing many heavy duty and toxic contaminants from the water. The subsystem removes volatile vapors from the feed water, heats the feed water, and by imparting a swirling vortex action to the heated water, the oils are separated from the water. The water separated from the oil is pumped by a high pressure pump through a helical coil that is heated to a high temperature by the burner. The high temperature, hot water is then fed to an expansion nozzle in an expansion chamber to flash the hot water into steam. The steam is passed through a condenser which converts the steam to purified water.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed toward a novel pressurized vapor cycle for distilling liquids. In some embodiments of the invention, a liquid purification system is revealed, including the elements of an input for receiving untreated liquid, a vaporizer coupled to the input for transforming the liquid to vapor, a head chamber for collecting the vapor, a vapor pump with an internal drive shaft and an eccentric rotor with a rotatable housing for compressing vapor, and a condenser in communication with the vapor pump for transforming the compressed vapor into a distilled product. Other embodiments of the invention are directed toward heat management, and other process enhancements for making the system especially efficient.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus (100) comprises a series of modules (110) which may be mounted on supports (150). Seawater (12) flows through base units (130) along a channel (131) by gravity and is heated by a heating unit (140) such as solar lenses (141) to produce water vapour. A chimney (160) induces an airflow AF laterally across the channel (131) and substantially perpendicularly to the water flow WF. The airflow AF draws the water vapour to a condenser (70) that collects fresh water. The condenser (170) may be mounted within the chimney (160) and may use cold seawater as a coolant.

Abstract: For purifying a liquid, the liquid is caused to evaporate in a cyclone in a recirculation circuit. Vapor is discharged via a discharge channel in which a compressor is included. In a heat exchanger downstream of the compressor, supplied vapor condenses and heat thereby released is transferred to liquid in the recirculation circuit. A liquid inlet of the cyclone is placed and directed for delivering a jet having a directional component tangential with respect to an inner surface of the cyclone. The liquid inlet has a section shaped such that in operation the delivered jet is a flat jet having a cross section which in a direction parallel to a nearest generatrix of the inner surface of the cyclone is greater than in a direction perpendicular thereto. The jet contacts the inner surface of the cyclone before drop formation occurs in the jet. A method for purifying a liquid is also described.

Abstract: An efficient flash evaporation water purification system located at a hydrocarbon well site. An internal combustion engine uses hydrocarbon fuel from the well and drives a pump to pressurize production water from the well. The engine also generates thermal energy used to preheat the production water. An electrical generator is also driven by the engine to produce electrical power for the water purification system, as well as produce AC power for off-site consumers.

Abstract: A system for treating feedwater includes a fluidized bed heat exchanger unit connected to receive feedwater and a flash concentrator column connected to receive feedwater discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger unit. A spray dryer is provided to receive a solids/liquid slurry discharged from the flash concentrator column. Feedwater can be treated by converting dissolved solids in the feedwater to suspended solids, vaporizing a portion of the feedwater to produce a solids/liquid slurry, and separating solids from the solids/liquid slurry.

Abstract: A glycerol preparation method for preparation of medical grade glycerol from a by-product of a bio-diesel process includes a first stage phosphoric acid chemical reaction process and a posterior by-product centrifugal separation process to have the phosphoric acid chemical reaction by-product be separated into free fatty acid, potassium phosphoric acid, and a crude glycerol and methanol mixture. The crude glycerol and methanol mixture is further processed through a first step of thin film evaporation process where methanol is reclaimed, a second step of thin film evaporation process where the mixture is dehydrated, a third step of molecular distillation process where an industrial grade glycerol of purity over 95% is extracted, and a fourth step of molecular distillation process where a medical grade glycerol of purity in exceed of 99.75% that meets USP/BP standards is extracted.

Abstract: A membrane distillation system includes a distillation vessel, an array of hollow fiber membranes pervious to distillate vapor but impervious to feed solution and an array of hollow tubes impervious to distillate vapor and feed solution but which allow thermal energy transmission. The system further includes a pump, a heat exchanger for heating the feed solution before it enters the hollow fiber membranes, and an outlet for removing distillate from the distillation vessel. A method for removing distillate from a feed solution includes delivering the feed solution through hollow tubes spanning a distillation vessel, heating the feed solution, delivering the feed solution through hollow fiber membranes spanning the distillation vessel to create a vapor pressure differential between the hollow fiber membranes and a distillation volume within the distillation vessel, and removing distillate from the distillation vessel.

Abstract: The fluid density-driven desalination system is an evaporative desalination system utilizing gases having differing molecular weights from that at of water vapor in order to assist in the evaporation and condensation of pure water vapor. Evaporation of pure water from a saline solution through a first capillary evaporator plate is assisted by a first gas having a molecular weight less than that of water vapor, thus driving the evaporated water vapor downwardly for collection and condensation. Similarly, evaporation of pure water from brine through a second capillary evaporator plate is assisted by a second gas having a molecular weight greater than that of water vapor, thus driving the evaporated water vapor upwardly for collection and condensation.

Abstract: An adsorption-desalination unit utilizing a silica gel—water working pair adsorbent—adsorbate having an economizing heat exchanger to pre-heat the incoming source seawater to be desalinated in an evaporator from about 8° C. to about 1° C. above the ambient seawater temperature. The economizing heat exchanger employs heat captured during the adsorption cycle to pre-heat incoming source seawater, thereby increasing the efficient use of energy in the unit. The heating fluid utilized to drive the desorption cycle is further utilized to heat the evaporator. A mist eliminator positioned intermediate the evaporator and the adsorbent heat exchanger chambers prevents non-vaporized water from entering the adsorbent heat exchanger chambers.

Abstract: Provided are a dehydrating system and a dehydrating method which achieve improvement in a membrane performance. The dehydrating system includes a first preheater 3a; multiple dehydrating apparatuses 1a, 1b and 1c which are connected in series downstream of the preheater and which are configured to remove water from an organic aqueous solution; and returning means 6 for returning a part of the organic aqueous solution having passed through one or more of the dehydrating apparatuses to the dehydrating apparatuses or the dehydrating apparatus upstream of the dehydrating apparatuses.

Abstract: A heat exchange system heats an influent liquid. The heat exchange system includes a plurality of heat exchanger modules arranged in a stacked configuration. Each of the heat exchanger modules includes a housing and three flow paths separated by heat transfer elements in the housing. Liquids flowing through two of the flow paths transfer heat through the heat transfer elements to influent liquid flowing through a flow path therebetween. The housing includes two opposed cover members on opposite sides of the heat transfer element and the flow paths. The heat exchange system also includes a support structure for supporting the plurality of heat exchanger modules. The support structure includes support elements engaging the cover members of the heat exchanger modules at opposite ends of the stacked configuration. Internal pressure on the cover members resulting from liquids in the flow paths is transferred to the support structure to inhibit outward deformation of the cover members.

Abstract: The system contains a liquid-tight enclosure. An input source is connected to the liquid-tight enclosure for inputting water into the liquid-tight enclosure. A heating element is in thermal communication with at least a portion of the water within the liquid-tight enclosure. A plurality of substantially vertical plates are aligned along a substantially horizontal axis within the liquid-tight enclosure. Each of the substantially vertical plates has an opening. A groove is formed along each of the substantially vertical plates. A first end of the groove on each of the substantially vertical plates is proximate to the opening. At least one manifold extends through a plurality of the openings of the substantially vertical plates. The manifold is in fluid communication with a plurality of the first ends of the grooves. An output opening is formed in the liquid-tight enclosure. The output opening is arranged in fluid communication with the manifold.

Abstract: A system for treating feedwater includes a fluidized bed heat exchanger unit connected to receive feedwater and a flash concentrator column connected to receive feedwater discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger unit. A spray dryer is provided to receive a solids/liquid slurry discharged from the flash concentrator column. Feedwater can be treated by converting dissolved solids in the feedwater to suspended solids, vaporizing a portion of the feedwater to produce a solids/liquid slurry, and separating solids from the solids/liquid slurry.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for an energy-efficient distillation system (42). An energy-efficient distillation system (42) can include a fluid inlet (24), one or more heat-yielding purification elements (7, 15, 44) downstream of the fluid inlet (24), one or more heat pipes (6), and a fluid outlet (23) downstream of the heat-yielding purification element (7, 15, 44). The heat-yielding purification element (7, 15, 44) can be, for example, a degasser (7), a demister (15), or an evaporation chamber (44). A heat pipe (6) has a first end operably connected to the heat-generating purification element(s) (7, 15, 44), a second end operably connected to the fluid inlet (24), and a body therebetween. The heat pipe (6) is configured to transfer latent heat energy from the first end to the second end, thereby heating a fluid (8) within the fluid inlet (24). The distillation system (42) can also include one or more descaling elements (21) for reducing scale formation of the fluid (8).

Abstract: A top temperature T1 of a distillation tower 1 is held below a liquefying temperature of a light fraction by returning a part of an exhaust gas W, which is cooled by a condenser 5, to the upper zone of the distillation tower 1. A bottom temperature T2 is raised up to 300° C. at highest by returning a part of a liquid product P from a re-boiler 3 to a lower zone of the distillation tower 1. When a liquid hydrocarbon L comes in countercurrent contact with a stripping gas G inside the distillation tower 1 with the temperature profile that an inner temperature gradually falls down along an upward direction, mercury is efficiently transferred from the liquid L to a vapor phase without effusion of the light fraction in accompaniment with the exhaust gas W.

Abstract: A microwave energy emitter (108) is positioned in a chamber within a material holding cavity of a containment vessel (106) that is transparent to microwave energy absorption that is further surrounded by a microwave reflective component to reflect the waves back into the vessel. The vessel (106) encloses a material that absorbs microwave energy through molecular vibration of its molecules. An inlet path (116) and outlet path (112) is provided for the material to flow in and out of the vessel upon predetermined conditions. Heated material can be condensed via a condenser (124) into a collection vessel (120). A controller (126) is provided to send control signals to switching device for controlling the material flow and receiving sensing signals for decision generation.

Abstract: A self sustaining desalination system includes a chamber having a transparent inclined cover and a transparent bottom for receiving seawater or the like. The system includes a channel for conveying seawater to the chamber and a receptacle for receiving distillate at the base of the cover. The seawater is vaporized by solar energy passing through the incline cover and reflected up through the transparent bottom. A portion of the vaporized water condenses on the cooled inside cover and runs down into the receptical. A second portion of the vaporized water is fed to the heat exchanger and condensed therein. In addition, a plurality of such systems are combined with a plurality of basic units each of which includes a wind turbine and an array of solar panels in a park like setting to provide electricity, drinking water and irrigation water for a small community.

Abstract: A freshwater recycling system has an oscillatory still distilling water, and a cooling installation connecting to the oscillatory still through a pipe, for change vapor to liquid water. The oscillatory still has a heating element and an oscillatory lodestone accommodated in a distilling tank, a steam excluding opening at a top portion of the distilling tank and a drainpipe at a bottom portion of the distilling tank. The oscillatory lodestone is made from a natural magnet.

Abstract: A microwave energy emitter (108) is positioned in a microwave transparent chamber (123) within a fluid holding vessel (106) of a microwave containment vessel (122). The fluid holding vessel (106) may be transparent to microwave energy and is further provided with a microwave reflective component outward, on, or beyond an exterior surface (121) of the wall of the fluid holding vessel (106). The microwave reflective component reflects microwaves back into the fluid holding vessel (106). The fluid holding vessel (106) encloses a material that absorbs microwave energy. An inlet path (116) and outlet path (112) is provided for material to flow in and out of the holding vessel upon predetermined conditions. Heated material can be condensed via a condenser (124) into a collection vessel (120). A controller (126) is provided to send control signals to a switching device (100) for controlling the material flow and receiving sensing signals for decision generation.

Abstract: A distillation system is provided having an evaporation conduit and a condensing conduit connected by a transfer system for transferring distillate vapour from the evaporation conduit to the condensing conduit to condense the distillate. The evaporation and condensing conduits operate under vacuum pressure. An intake conduit and a return conduit communicate in an unrestricted manner between a source of solution and the evaporation conduit. A distillate conduit communicates with the condensing conduit for dispensing condensed distillate therefrom. A radiant heat capturing system is provided for capturing and using heat radiated from the distillate conduit to generate power.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for evaporating a solution and an evaporator applied to it. The evaporator (1) has parallel plate heat exchanger elements (3) fitted inside a jacket (2), consisting of a flexible plastic film, for example, and a liquid distribution space (4) common to the elements, from where the solution to be evaporated can be spread, through supply channels (6), on the heat transmission surfaces (4) of the elements to run from the top downwards. The solution (10) that has not evaporated on the surfaces is recycled from the bottom of the evaporator back to the liquid distribution space, and from there to the heat transmission surfaces (4) of the elements for re-evaporation. In connection with evaporation, precipitate is separated from the solution as a result of over-saturation, ending up in the recirculation flow with the solution and being separated from the solution in the liquid distribution space (14) that works as a separator for the precipitate.

Abstract: Distillation apparatus comprises a condensing chamber and a heating chamber arranged on an enclosure. Liquid feed into the condensing chamber is pre-heated and flows to the heating chamber where it is boiled to produce vapor. Gas sparging in the condensing chamber enhances heat transfer and absorbs additional vapor generated by pre-heating. The condenser is a helical or other horizontal tube heat exchanger.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for concentrating slurries by removing liquid in a single effect unit maintained under vacuum to effect low temperature flashing of the liquid. The single effect unit is a single flash column with separate recirculation loops, one to preheat incoming slurry for concentration and a separate loop for withdrawal of concentrated slurry Vapor from the flash column can be treated to separate liquid from other components in the vapor.

Abstract: Incoming wastewater is preheated in a heat exchanger before delivery to a flash chamber through an orifice for flashing into water vapor rising into an upper section of the flash chamber which also has a bottom section into which liquid waste oil or other contaminants settles. Rise of such water vapor into the upper chamber section is induced by a vacuum established therein by a vacuum pump withdrawing the water vapor in a superheated and compressed condition for cooling within a condenser from which the incoming wastewater is delivered to a heat exchanger for preheating. The water vapor during rise into the upper section of the flash chamber is filtered to extract contaminates therefrom while liquefied water vapor thereafter formed therein is collected before the remaining water vapor is cooled into the condensate for collection within a distillate tank from which it is withdrawn for overboard discharge after being monitored for oil content.

Abstract: A method and apparatus heats ultrapure water using microwaves. Chambers such as pipes containing the water are capable of admitting microwaves to the water, allowing the microwaves to heat the water. The pipes may be made of inert material such as PVDF or quartz that will not introduce contamination into the water.

Abstract: A process wastewater treatment plant, and a process relating thereto, which converts process wastewater generated in battery manufacturing and the like into clean process water and sodium sulfate salt by treating the process wastewater to remove impurities and contaminants, including debris, oil/grease, heavy metal oxides, lead and other heavy metals, suspended solids, bacteria, organic compounds, and/or gases, from the wastewater to obtain a clean neutral sodium sulfate brine, subjecting the brine to heat to obtain distilled water and sodium sulfate salt, and purifying the distilled water by reverse osmosis for reuse as clear process water.

Abstract: A system for the vacuum distillation of contaminated solvents incorporates a tank for holding a liquid contaminated solvent, a heating chamber surrounding the tank for heating the liquid contaminated solvent into an evaporated solvent, a drift elimination and fractionation device for separating contaminants out of the evaporated solvent, a heat exchanger circuit for cooling the evaporated solvent from the drift elimination and fractionation device, a pump circuit connected to receive the evaporated solvent from the drift elimination and fractionation device and to circulate the evaporated solvent through the heat exchanger circuit, and a control circuit connected to at least the heating element and the pump so as to control operation their based on parameters of a solvent selected to be processed. The control circuit includes a plurality of sensors for monitoring operating conditions of at least the tank, the heating chamber and the heat exchanger circuit.

Abstract: A solvent recovery method and apparatus recover waste wash liquid generated in automatic washing of a printing machine so as to enable a printing machine washing of high productivity, excellent safety and health effect, and low cost. The solvent recovery apparatus has a gravity separation tank (1) for receiving waste wash liquid used for washing of the printing machine and separating it by a specific gravity difference. A vaporizer (2) receives, heats and vaporizes the separated liquid from the tank (1) in order from a lower layer liquid (H) to an upper layer liquid (L). A condenser (3) receives, cools and condenses, by water (W), the vapor from the vaporizer (2). A distillate gravity separation tank (4) receives liquid from the distillate gravity separation tank (4) receives liquid from the condenser (3) and holds it statically to separate the liquid into organic solvent (S) and water (W).

Abstract: The invention relates to a distillation apparatus (1) which is suitable in particular for the distillation of sea water into fresh water. The apparatus includes a plurality of flat, bag-like elements (3) formed from a thin film material such as plastic film and placed one against the other, the elements serving as heat exchangers between a vaporizing liquid flowing along the exterior surfaces of the element and a condensing vapor directed to the inside of the element, and a compressor (15) for increasing the pressure and temperature of the generated vapor before it is directed to the inside of the elements. The essential idea of the invention is that at the upper end of each bag-like element (3) there is a honeycomb-structured end strip (4) having substantially the width of the element, the strip containing parallel feeding ducts (26) separated from each other by partition walls, the ducts distributing the liquid to be evaporated over the entire width of the element surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for desalination of sea water by the utilization of solar energy, advantageously accompanied by electric power generation, containing a heat caption unit (1) serving as a heat source, a sea water collecting tank (10), a pre-heating tank (11), a heat receiver (20), and evaporators (2,3,4) connected in line, and distilled water storage tanks (13). The sea water collecting tank (10) and the pre-heating tank (11) that pre-heats the sea water and cools the distilled steam are situated beside each other at different level, and the adjoining walls of the two tanks have an opening for through-flow (11a) or a through-flow tube; the discharge duct (8) of the pre-heating tank (11) is led into the evaporators where the first evaporator (2) is provided with a heater (72) heated by the heating agent, the second and the subsequent evaporators (3) are provided with a heating system consisting of pipe rings (73a) utilizing hot vapor and pipes connecting the pipe rings.

Abstract: An improved vapor compression distillation process and apparatus are provided having a container with a substantially horizontal longitudinal center axis, two opposing end plates closing each end of the container, a first and second passage area defined within and on opposing ends of the container, each adjacent one of the end plates, a collecting chamber defined within the container between the first and second passage areas, a plurality of generally horizontal tubes spacedly exposed within the collecting chamber generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container, each of the tubes having two opposing ends which open into the first and second passage areas respectively, two opposing plates positioned on opposite ends of the horizontal tubes, each plate engaging similar ends of the horizontal tubes, a vapor compressor attached to the container such that the vapor compressor communicates with an upper area of the collecting chamber and communicates with the first passage area, at least one passage fo

Abstract: An apparatus and method for stripping volatiles from a feed stream and concentrating the volatiles in the overhead vapors forming a condensate product and simultaneously producing a low percent volatiles outlet stream as a concentrate product. The volatiles separator and concentrator, ("VSC"), unit has many applications in the reduction and the concentration of voiatiles in the beverage, fuel, and industrial alcohol industries, as well as in chemical applications for removing or stripping volatiles from heat sensitive feed substrates which require low temperatures and a short residence time to prevent degradation of the product. For heat sensitive applications, the VSC unit utilizes a short feed stream preheat contact time in combination with turbulent high velocity flow to separate and concentrate volatile and nonvolatile components at temperatures below 100.degree. F. utilizing flash vaporization for volatiles separation with reboil capability to adjust volatiles concentration in the residue and product.

Abstract: A water distillation apparatus and method include an improved control system for operation and maintenance, condensers with plastic to metal seals between a plastic condenser manifold and metallic cooling tubes, and a filter with steam bypass to allow for easy sterilization of the filter and remaining distillation system. The control system includes a three pronged probe assembly for monitoring conditions within an evaporation chamber. One of the three probes monitors steam conductivity and provides a steam fault signal to indicate an upper level of contaminants in the steam. A purge pump is responsive to fault signals, including the steam fault signal, to pump water from the evaporation chamber. Improved techniques are also provided for periodically dumping a portion or all of the water in the heating pan to reduce contamination of the system.