Abstract: The invention provides for the removal of impurities from treatment fluid including a base liquid and a variety of impurities contained in the base liquid by conveying the treatment fluid to at least one preheating separating device, including a preheating heat exchanger and a separator unit, before the admixture of a carrier gas to the treatment fluid. The treatment fluid is preheated by the preheating heat exchanger to a temperature below the boiling temperature of a base liquid so that the liquid impurities with lower boiling temperatures than the base liquid are evaporated and expelled thermally, whereby the evaporated and expelled impurities are separated in the separator unit of the preheating separator device. The treatment fluid is then evaporated and separated from impurities having a higher boiling point than the base liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing volatile compounds from sparingly volatile fluids by means of rectification using an auxiliary and also to separation methods and chemical reactions in which sparingly volatile fluids are used, the purification of which is effected by means of rectification and using an auxiliary.

Abstract: Process for recovering cyclododecatriene (CDT) from a solution comprising CDT and high boilers such as deactivated catalyst and polymers, which comprises feeding the solution into a preheater and heating it, subsequently depressurizing it through a downstream pressure maintenance device and feeding the resulting two-phase mixture into a helical tube evaporator and there reducing the CDT content of the liquid phase by partial evaporation and discharging a gaseous product stream having an increased concentration of CDT.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for distilling and processing chemicals. The apparatus is particularly suited for processing and distilling difficult to distill compounds, and is capable of producing diesel fuel and other products from used oil at a quality level similar to that of products produced from virgin crude oil.

Abstract: Incoming wastewater is preheated in a heat exchanger before delivery to a flash chamber through an orifice for flashing into water vapor rising into an upper section of the flash chamber which also has a bottom section into which liquid waste oil or other contaminants settles. Rise of such water vapor into the upper chamber section is induced by a vacuum established therein by a vacuum pump withdrawing the water vapor in a superheated and compressed condition for cooling within a condenser from which the incoming wastewater is delivered to a heat exchanger for preheating. The water vapor during rise into the upper section of the flash chamber is filtered to extract contaminates therefrom while liquefied water vapor thereafter formed therein is collected before the remaining water vapor is cooled into the condensate for collection within a distillate tank from which it is withdrawn for overboard discharge after being monitored for oil content.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of pulp by means of alkaline cooking, in which method spent liquor is transferred to pressurized tanks, and at least one liquor is expanded corresponding to a temperature difference of 1 to 5° C. The generated steam is led to turpentine recovery. Thus, the removal of turpentine and gases dissolved in said liquor is effective, the amount of recovered turpentine increases, and pulp of better washability and higher quality is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for processing an exhaust stream containing a recyclable component mixed with other components and impurities to produce a high purity product that contains all of the recyclable component. One or more waste streams containing none of the recyclable component are also produced. The present invention particularly relates to the recovery of valuable recyclable components used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved processes to recover acetonitrile from a diluted aqueous low grade acetonitrile feedstock.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for efficiently obtaining BHET of high purity from an EG (ethylene glycol) solution containing crude BHET (bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate), especially a decomposition product solution obtained by decomposing a polyester containing PET (polyethylene terephthalate) as a main component, by use of EG, while minimizing by-production of impurity components such as DEG (diethylene glycol), DEG ester and oligomers. The decomposition product solution is subjected to crystallization and solid-liquid separation under specific temperature conditions. Further, in accordance with the invention, a method of purifying BHET is taught which comprises evaporation steps of evaporating low-boiling-point components from the decomposition product solution under specific conditions so as to obtain a melt solution and a molecular distillation step of distilling the obtained melt solution under specific conditions so as to obtain a specific fraction.

Abstract: Formic acid is at least partly removed from an aqueous solution comprising formic acid, cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol by decomposition over certain decomposition catalysts. The method is preferably used for processing reaction products from the oxidation of cyclohexane and comprises: (i) extracting a product gas mixture obtained in the oxidation of cyclohexane with an aqueous scrubbing liquid, (ii) separating the aqueous solution obtained in (i) by distillation into an aqueous solution comprising formic acid, cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol together with further minor organic components and a carboxylic acid mixture (iii) removing the formic acid at least partially from the aqueous solution obtained in (ii) by decomposition, and (iv) further processing the aqueous solution obtained in (iii) to give epsilon-caprolactam, or using the aqueous solution obtained in (iii) as scrubbing liquid in (i).

Abstract: The invention concerns a cyclic method for separating at least one chemical element E1 from at least one chemical element E2 from an aqueous solution containing said elements, which employs a mixture of two extractants operating in non-overlapping chemical fields. Each cycle of said method comprises: a) co-extracting elements E1 and E2 by means of an organic phase containing a first extractant suited to causing the migration of said elements into said organic phase; b) adding to the organic phase a second extractant suited to selectively retaining the element(s) E2 in said organic phase during step c): c) selectively stripping the element(s) E1 from the organic phase; d) selectively stripping the element(s) E2 from the organic phase; e) separating the first and second extractants present in said organic phase at the end of step d).

Abstract: A process for the production of highly purified water 38 from Fischer-Tropsch reaction water 12, includes at least the steps of a primary treatment stage comprising an equilibrium staged separation process 14 having at least one stage for removing at least a fraction of non-acid oxygenated hydrocarbons from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction water 12 to produce a primary water-enriched stream 16, a secondary treatment stage comprising at least one membrane separation process 28 for removing at least some suspended solids and acidic oxygenated hydrocarbons from at least a portion of the primary water-enriched stream 16 to produce a secondary water-enriched stream 34 and a tertiary treatment stage comprising a dissolved salt and organic removal stage 36 for removing at least some dissolved salts and organic constituents from at least a portion of the secondary water-enriched stream 34.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating 2-butanol from tert-butanol/water mixtures using a membrane to reduce a water concentration to less than the limit concentration of the distillation boundary line connecting the two azeotropes TBA/water and SBA/water and is subsequently worked up by distillation.

Abstract: A liquid-liquid extraction process of ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, alkyl esters of carboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, ethers, amines and heterocyclic compounds, from their aqueous solutions, comprising the addition under stirring to said aqueous solutions of a fluorinated extracting liquid selected from A) hydrofluoropolyethers, B) hydrofluorocarbons, C) hydrofluoroethers, or mixtures thereof, with formation of an aqueous phase and of an organic phase; the separation of the organic phase from the aqueous phase; the fractional distillation of the organic phase to separate the polar organic substance from the extractant.

Abstract: The present invention provides new highly-efficient separation processes and systems for separating polymerization-grade ethylene and propylene from an initial effluent stream comprising ethane, ethylene, propylene, dimethyl ether, and one or more of propane, acetylene, methyl acetylene, propadiene, methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and C4+ components. In one embodiment, the initial effluent stream is provided from a methanol-to-olefin reaction system. It has been discovered that the best separation of these components is realized when DME is selectively removed in a first separation step, followed by separation of the remaining components in additional separation steps.

Abstract: A point of use water purification unit for continuously and completely purifying water at all point of use for removing all chemicals, killing all microorganisms; the device having a computer monitored and controlled system for degassing, super heating and exploding water into a vacuum chamber, condensing the steam in a counter current cold brine apparatus and stored in a holding tank.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for production of a cyclic ester by depolymerization of an aliphatic polyester. In the process, a mixture containing the aliphatic polyester and a specific polyalkylene glycol ether, which has a boiling point of 230-450° C. and a molecular weight of 150-450, is heated under normal or reduced pressure to a temperature at which depolymerization of the aliphatic polyester takes place. Then, a substantially homogeneous solution phase, consisting of the melt phase of the aliphatic polyester and the liquid phase of the polyalkylene glycol ether, is formed. Heating of the solution phase is continued to form the cyclic ester by depolymerization and distil out the cyclic ester together with the polyalkylene glycol ether, and then the cyclic ester is recovered from the distillate. The present invention also provides a process for purification of a crude cyclic ester by use of the specific polyalkylene glycol ether described above.

Abstract: The invention provides for the removal of impurities from treatment fluid comprising a base liquid and a variety impurities contained in the base liquid by conveying the treatment fluid to at least one preheating separating device, including a preheating heat exchanger and a separator unit, before the admixture of a carrier gas to the treatment fluid. The treatment fluid is preheated by the preheating heat exchanger to a temperature below the boiling temperature of a base liquid so that the liquid impurities with lower boiling temperatures than the base liquid are evaporated and expelled thermally, whereby the evaporated and expelled impurities are separated in the separator unit of the preheating separator device. The treatment fluid is then evaporated and separated from impurities having a lower boiling point than the base liquid.

Abstract: In a process for the fractional condensation of an acrylic acid-containing product gas mixture of a gas-phase partial oxidation of C3 precursors of acrylic acid with molecular oxygen under heterogeneous catalysis, the separation column used contains both dual-flow trays and hydraulically sealed cross-flow trays as baffles having separation activity.

Abstract: The inventive device for distilling a medium comprises at least one reservoir (11, 51) or accommodating the medium (15, 55) to be distilled, a heating element (12, 52) for vaporizing the medium (55), and comprises at least one collecting vessel (20, 60), which is situated downstream and which is provided with a cooling element for condensing the produced distillation vapor. In addition, a pipe (19, 59) or the like is provided on the top side of the reservoir (11, 51). Said pipe leads into the collecting vessel (20, 60) and connects the vapor space (14, 54) located inside the reservoir (51) to that which is located inside the collecting vessel (20, 60). To this end, means are provided, which, for the most part, completely remove foreign gases from the vapor spaces (14, 24; 54, 64) before or at the beginning of the distillation process.

Abstract: A process for separating sulfonic acid compounds from a phenolic solvent is provided by contacting the phenolic solvent with a hydrotalcite-type material (HTM). The process can be applied in the conventional industrial process for converting cumene to phenol to remove sulfonic acid compounds from the phenol product. A process and a facility for producing purified phenol by converting cumene to phenol are provided. In the conversion of cumene to phenol, the phenol often contains carbonyl-type impurities. The phenol and carbonyl-type impurities are reacted in the presence of a sulfonic acid cation exchange resin catalyst (IER) to produce a reaction product that may contain sulfonic acid compounds. The reaction product is contacted with an HTM to reduce the amount of sulfonic acid compounds which may be present and to produce a purified phenol-containing stream. The purified phenol-containing stream may be further purified using conventional separation techniques, such as distillation.

Abstract: Phenol is separated from a mixture containing hydroxyacetone, cumene, water and phenol, by fractionating the mixture in a process with a fractional distillation step and a phase separation step to provide a single phenol fraction containing less than 300 ppm of hydroxyacetone. In the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures, the hydroxyacetone can be removed from the cleavage product mixture together with a phenol fraction from which the hydroxyacetone has to be removed. A process can be used for purifying cleavage product mixtures obtained in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide. The process allows separation of phenol and acetone from mixtures obtained in the cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment of a gas stream obtained from the production of polyolefins and containing unreacted compounds. According to the process, uncondensed compounds are removed from the gas stream and, when so desired, these compounds are directed to further treatment. According to the invention, the uncondensed compounds are separated from the gas stream by membrane separation. Thus the separation of gases is facilitated, since by coupling the membrane system in conjunction with distillation columns the distillation can be carried out at a substantially higher top temperature. By using the membrane system it is possible effectively to remove the lightest gases, which would otherwise accumulate in the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating by distillation a portion or the entirety of an azeptine derivative (III), which is selected from the group consisting of aminohexylidene imine, tetrahydroazepine, hexylhexahydroazepine and of aminohexylhexahydroazepine, out of a mixture (II) containing an azepine derivative (III) and an amine (I). The inventive method is characterized in that the distillation is carried out with a maximum bottom temperature of 150° C.

Abstract: A process for pretreating a oily/water stream for closed loop dilution steam production within an ethylene plant using countercurrent multi-stage extraction to remove both free and dissolved organic solutes from in-situ (net) quench water with an organic solvent to yield an aqueous raffinate containing only residual amounts of organic solute. The raffinate is steam stripped to remove the residual organic solutes, yielding a pretreated quench water stream substantially free of organic material. The pretreated quench water is suitable for reuse to generate dilution steam (without fouling). The (solvent) extract from extraction is regenerated in a solvent regenerator having an overhead stream for purging light ends, a bottom stream for purging heavy ends, and a heart-cut side stream for recycling solvent to the extractor.

Abstract: This invention provides an anti-cancer composition of high purity beta-elemene extracted from plant sources. This invention also provides for the use of the composition as well as a low cost method to prepare it by multiple passes through the precision distillation tower.

Abstract: A method of removing water from wet organoborane by dissolving the wet organoborane in an organic solvent in which water is incompletely soluble, decanting any insoluble water, and distilling the organic phase to remove water which may be contained therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for water degasification and distillation in an apparatus having a container for a reservoir of water to be degassed and distilled, a relatively small boiler adjoining the container and having a feed water conduit connecting the container and boiler so that a selected water level in the container will fill the boiler to the same level, a coiled tube condenser within the container immersed in the water therein, the condenser coil having a vertically disposed longitudinal axis, a second conduit in the boiler connecting the space above the water level therein to the inlet of the condenser so that steam flows from the boiler to the condenser, an outlet on the condenser extending through a container wall for discharging the condensed steam as degassed distilled water, a heater in the boiler for heating the water therein, a motor driven stirrer axially of the coiled tube condenser for generating a swirling movement of the reservoir water with formation of steam bubbles therein and an ozone ge

Abstract: In a method for separating isophthalonitrile from a gas produced by causing m-xylene to react with ammonia and oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, the gas is brought into contact with an organic solvent having a boiling point lower than that of isophthalonitrile; a liquid in which isophthalonitrile is trapped in a trapping step is distilled, to thereby recover isophthalonitrile and the organic solvent from the top of the column and separate at the bottom of the column impurities having boiling points higher than that of isophthalonitrile; and the organic solvent is recovered from the top of the rectification column and liquefied isophthalonitrile of high purity is recovered at the bottom of the column.

Abstract: A method for separating an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation reaction product and a reaction solvent from a reaction mixture obtained by oxidizing a substrate in the presence of an oxidation catalyst containing an aromatic N-hydroxyimide compound and a transition metal, the method including (i) distilling the reaction solvent from the reaction mixture in the presence of an organic solvent which is immiscible with the reaction solvent to obtain the reaction mixture containing the reaction solvent in an amount of 5 parts by weight or less per one part by weight of the N-hydroxyimide compound, and the oxidation catalyst precipitated, and (ii) separating the reaction mixture obtained in the step (i) by a solid-liquid separation method into the oxidation product and the oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Pervaporation or vapor permeation apparatus and method having a separator module located in an unpressurized tank. The module has a plurality of stacked, disk-like separator elements mounted on a central, axial permeate removal tube. The separator elements have a central permeate transport plate, a pervaporation membrane enveloping the permeate transport plate and annular sealing rings located between adjacent membranes, so that fluid has to pass through the membranes to enter the permeate removal tube. A vacuum applied to the permeate removal tube draws permeate through the pervaporation membranes and permeate transport plates into the permeate removal tube. The permeate can be condensed right in the permeate removal tube by direct contact condensation using chilled liquid permeate, however an external condenser can be used. Jets of solution or bubbles of permeate vapor passing between the separator elements reduce or prevent concentration polarization.

Abstract: Particulate chromatography medium such as silica is packed into a chromatography column (2) along a feed conduit (16,18) leading to a packing port (1) through the column wall. A motive flow of a liquid packing vehicle such as a non-polar organic solvent is established along a feed conduit by a pump (111). The medium, for example silica which is poorly compatible with low-polarity vehicles, is easily entrained in the motive flow by introducing it into the feed conduit (16,18) via an ejector (30). This avoids subjecting the medium to the action of a mechanical pump.

Abstract: Ferrofluid coated particles resulting from a ferrofluid materials separation process are washed with a solvent which is the same material as the liquid carrier employed in the ferrofluid. The result is a “dirty” solvent which is a very weak ferrofluid. The dirty solvent is then filtered or centrifuged to remove dust particles and other impurities and then the solvent is recovered by distillation in a distillation unit. The solvent can then be reused in the materials reclamation process. The residue in the distillation unit is surfactant-coated particles of ferrofluid. This residue is mixed with either clean or unprocessed solvent in the right proportion and the slurry is passed through an attritor to convert it to a high grade ferrofluid. The ferrofluid can also be reused in the materials separation process.

Abstract: A method for recovering acrylic acid from high boiling impurities containing acrylic acid dimer, acrylic acid and maleic acid at high efficiency with stability which includes the steps of (1) introducing said high boiling impurities containing acrylic acid dimer, acrylic acid and maleic acid into an acrylic acid recovery column, distilling acrylic acid from the column top and recovering the same, (2) introducing bottom liquid A from said acrylic acid recovery column into a pyrolyzing tank to decompose the acrylic acid dimer in the bottom liquid A, and (3) recirculating at least a part of bottom liquid B from said pyrolyzing tank into the acrylic acid recovery column.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and an apparatus, of treating wastewater containing chemical substances, which comprises passing, into a continuous phase of water to be treated that has been formed by supplying raw water from an upper part of a tower, a supercritical fluid, from a lower part of the tower, to the upper part thereof, to bring the water to be treated and the supercritical fluid in countercurrent contact with each other, thereby separating the chemical substances from the water to be treated. These method and apparatus make it possible to treat wastewater containing chemical substances at a medium concentration, for which conventionally an effective physical or chemical treatment method is not found, efficiently without involvement of any secondary pollution.

Abstract: A water distillation apparatus includes a degasification chamber having a top and a bottom. A liquid inlet is positioned adjacent to the bottom. A gas outlet is positioned adjacent to the top. A liquid outlet is positioned intermediate the top and the bottom. A float/valve assembly is provided for controlling the level of liquid within the chamber. A boiling chamber is provided having a top and a bottom. A liquid inlet is positioned intermediate the top and the bottom connected by a first transfer conduit to the liquid outlet of the degasification chamber. A steam outlet is positioned adjacent the top. A heating element is disposed within the boiling chamber whereby liquids within the boiling chamber are heated to the boiling point with the resulting steam passing out through the steam outlet. A condensation chamber is provided having a steam inlet and a liquid outlet. The steam inlet is connected by a second transfer conduit to the steam outlet of the boiling chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a 3-step process for removing water-soluble organics from waste streams. The first step involves contacting a waste stream with base, the second step involves contacting the organics-containing water with free oil and finally the free oil phase is separated from the aqueous phase to produce substantially organic-free water.

Abstract: In a process for the purification by distillation of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons originating from the chlorination of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of FeCl.sub.3, the crude reaction product is first partially degassed and then directly subjected to distillation in the presence of said FeCl.sub.3.

Abstract: A process as been found for the removal of water from reaction mixtures of acids or acid anhydrides or of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solutions with alcohols using vapor permeation/pervaporation at the boiling point of the reaction mixture, which includes initially introducing the lowest-boiling educt in less than the stoichiometric amount, based on the other particular educt, together with this other educt, heating the reaction mixture to the boiling point and freeing the vapor mixture, which is formed from the boiling reaction mixture and includes chiefly water and the lowest-boiling component, from water on a membrane, recycling the vapor mixture which has been freed from water into the reaction mixture and topping up the reaction mixture with the lowest-boiling educt in the course of the reaction.

Abstract: Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) is more effectively and more simply separated from a reaction mixture in a process of producing HFC-125.A gas mixture containing perchloroethylene (PCE), HFC-125, hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) is passed through the first condensation stage to obtain the first vapor phase, which is passed through the second condensation stage to obtain the second vapor phase mainly containing HFC-125 and HCl and the second liquid phase, which is passed to a distillation stage to obtain a top fraction mainly containing HFC-125 and HCl and a bottom fraction containing the rest of the second liquid phase which bottom fraction is substantially free from HFC-125 and HCl, and HCl is separated out of the second vapor phase portion and the top fraction to obtain HFC-125, a concentration of PCE in the second liquid phase being such that it does not separate into immiscible liquid phases.

Abstract: A system for purification and generation of hydrofluoric acid on-site at a semiconductor device fabrication facility. An evaporation stage (optionally with arsenic oxidation) is followed by a fractionating column to remove most other impurities, an Ionic Purifier column to suppress contaminants not removed by the fractionating column, and finally the HF Supplier (HFS).

Abstract: A waste water treatment system includes a preliminary first stage separator for separating an aqueous phase from other materials. A pressure vessel sedimentation follows for removing most of the remaining solids from the waste material. The liquid and a minor fraction of the solids then pass on to an evaporation vessel where the water vapor is removed, compressed and passed through a condenser inside the evaporator vessel to recycle heat in the evaporator. The condenser is a stacked plate heat exchanger of unique design with the plates separated by steam gaskets and water gaskets to provide a very high heat transfer surface area to volume ratio. The condensate from the condenser passes through a second heat exchanger that heats the liquid flowing into the evaporator. The effluent water is purified by the evaporation. The residual solids may be heat treated to evaporate residual moisture and to sterilize the solids using a steam-jacketed auger. The resultant solids may be used as fertilizer.

Abstract: A process for the dehydration of a vaporous mixture. The basic process involves directing a predominantly condensable water vapor-containing vaporous mixture against the feed side of a membrane while maintaining the feed near saturation without condensing it, directing a condensable vapor sweep stream past the permeate side of the membrane in a countercurrent flow, thereby transporting water vapor in the vaporous mixture from the feed side to the permeate side of the membrane to form a noncondensed combined permeate side mixture of condensable vapor and transported water vapor.

Abstract: A quantitative enrichment of volatile compounds from substances of the macro- to submicro field in a short time is realized by capillary distillation in a system which includes an evaporator vessel, on the bottom of which one or more filter plates are provided and which is connected to a condensing vessel by means of a capillary tube. The presence of filter plate(s) guarantees a uniform and constant boiling which facilitates the quantitative isolation of the volatile compounds.

Abstract: A water distillation system (10) includes a boiling chamber (11) and a condensation chamber (12). Water is fed via an inlet pipe (13) to a degassing chamber (15) where volatile gases are removed from the water. The water is evaporated in the boiling chamber (11) and vapour is, in turn, condensed in the condensing chamber (12). Distilled water is collected in a water storage tank (30) and is used, with a pump (28) and entrainment device (27), to provide a substantial vacuum within the system (10).

Abstract: A single vessel with no moving parts is constructed to perform the functions of coalescing, vacuum dehydration, and thin film evaporation.

Abstract: A process for the separation of oxygenated compounds, containing mainly methanol and possibly a minor amount of water and/or dimethyl ether, from a mixture of hydrocarbons containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms containing said oxygenated compounds. The mixture is distilled in a distillation zone (D). A gaseous distillate (line 2) is taken overhead which contains methanol, possibly water, possibly dimethyl ether, and hydrocarbons. The gaseous distillate is separated in a separator (B) and at least one organic liquid phase is recovered (line 6) and sent as a reflux to the head of distillation zone D. An aqueous liquid phase (line 5) may possibly be recovered, also a gaseous phase (line 4). A phase (line 8) is extracted as a side stream from the distillation zone and sent to a permeation zone (PV) comprising at least one membrane which is selectively permeable to methanol; a permeation step is carried out on said phase.

Abstract: A process for separating a mixture containing mainly ethyl tertio-butyl ether (ETBE), ethanol and C.sub.4 hydrocarbons includes introducing the mixture to be separated into a debutanizer from which the C.sub.4 hydrocarbons are recovered overhead with a fraction of the ethanol, and purified ETBE is recovered as a bottom product; a side stream of an ethanol-rich phase is extracted and sent to a permeation zone in which the dense film of the membrane is constituted by a N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate polymer (DMAEMA) or a copolymer of DMAEMA with N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) and/or with N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP); the ethanol-depleted retentate from this permeation zone is returned to the debutanizer and the permeate contains mainly separated ethanol.The process can be integrated into an ETBE production process, in which the ethanol separated during the permeation step is recycled to the etherification reactor. The debutanizer may be replaced by a catalytic distillation column.

Abstract: A process for producing methanesulfonyl fluoride involves reacting methanesulfonyl chloride, a metal fluoride and water to obtain a reaction product, subjecting the reaction product to distillation in the presence of water in an amount of 0.7 times or more the amount of the methanesulfonyl chloride to obtain a distillate. The distillate has a water layer and a methanesulfonyl fluoride layer. The distillate is subjected to phase separation to separate the methanesulfonyl fluoride layer from the water layer, and the methanesulfonyl fluoride is recovered.

Abstract: This column, of the type having a cross-undulating lining, includes means for returning liquid to the vicinity of the edges of the lining and liquid and gas distribution means which contribute to decrease substantially the height of the column. Application to plants for separating gases from air.