Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus for the generation of liquid ozone is provided. This method involves converting an oxygen source to ozone in an ozone generator to yield an ozone-containing gas from which the ozone is separated and used to treat a process fluid stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode for an ozone generator of the type comprising an outer electrode having an inner surface made of dielectric material and an outer surface comprising an electric conducting material; an inner electrode having an outer surface, said inner electrode being concentrically positioned inside the outer electrode; a gap positioned between said inner and outer surfaces; means for circulating an oxygen containing gas through said gap; means for applying a potential difference between said inner and outer surfaces; means for cooling the inner electrode; and means for cooling the outer electrode; wherein said inner electrode comprises: a massive member of heat and electric conducting material whose at least a portion of the outer surface is provided a plurality of protrusions defining a plurality of points; at least one inner duct having opposite opened ends, provided in the massive member and defining an inner surface to said inner electrode, said inner duct being intended to allow a

Abstract: An ozone generation apparatus has a first electrode, a solid dielectric material and a discharge gap region with a flow of the oxygen gas or oxygen bearing gas provided through the discharge gap region. A structure of electrically conductive material such a titanium or stainless steel is positioned within the gas flow to act as second electrode with points of the structure contacting a surface of the dielectric material to provide a variable discharge gap in between the points of contact. The points of contact preferably form a regular pattern.

Abstract: Ozone is generated from an oxygen-containing gas utilizing a tube-type ozone generator at significantly greater power efficiency. The oxygen is introduced into the annular passageway between the electrodes of the tube-type ozone generator at an angle (e.g. about 45.degree.-90.degree.) so that it swirls in a cyclonic flow path as it travels from one end of the annular passageway to the other. The amount of power consumed to produce a gas having about 8% ozone is roughly half of the power needed if the same conditions are applied but the oxygen gas is introduced conventionally (without swirling action, so that it travels along the dimension of elongation of the passageway). The swirling action also allows a higher concentration of ozone (e.g. 10% or more) to be achieved in the product gas compared to the same conditions when no swirling is employed.

Abstract: A dual discharge ozone generator has concentrically disposed feed and return tubes including commonly connected inner and outer electrodes and a central electrode radially spaced by first and second spiral spacers forming dual corona discharge chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for energy efficient recycling of reinforced rubber products, such as tires, conveyor belts, and the like, wherein the rubber is reinforced by cords or belts of steel, nylon, fabric and the like. The presence of the reinforcement materials poses not only a necessity to separate the rubber therefrom but also poses a problem of disposing of the reinforcement materials. By placing the reinforced rubber in an environment of ozone (O.sub.3) and applying a force to the rubber, the rubber breaks down leaving the reinforcement materials for ready disposal. The method and apparatus thereby provide an energy efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally safe and acceptable technique for recycling reinforced rubber products.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus is provided in which the ozone generation and the water treatment may take place simultaneously. The ozone is generated from a continuous supply of air and/or oxygen at the surface of a running water by means of a high voltage electrode placed in the air or in oxygen at some distance above the water surface. The strong electric field between the high voltage electrode and the surface of the electrically grounded water stream generates a multitude of small Taylor cones at the surface of the water. Each Taylor cone goes into corona and in the process it generates the ozone. As the ozone is generated at the water surface, a substantial amount of ozone is immediately dissolved in water and the ozone that diffuses in the air continues to be in contact with the water surface. The undissolved ozone may be percolated through the same water for an additional primary or secondary ozonation.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for the generation of chlorine dioxide, comprising: a cylindrical, insulated body tube; a hollow inner opposite electrode column with a cross section of polygon, which is a triplicate structure where a sieve type electric tube is sandwiched between two electric columns made of a mixture of porous ceramic and powdery metal; a cylindrical outer opposite electrode inscribed in the body tube, having a triplicate structure made of the same materials as the inner opposite electrode column; an ozone-detecting sensor; a chlorine dioxide-detecting sensor; and a sensor switch for electric pressure difference, the hollow inner opposite electrode column being concentric with and present inside the outer electrode and both producing unequalized electron density upon application of electric field.

Abstract: Apparatus for the formation of excited or unstable gaseous molecules, comprising a tubular gas passage (5) having an axis, formed between a first electrode (1) and a dielectric tube (3) coaxial to the first electrode and supporting a second electrode (4), the electrodes being connected to a high voltage high frequency source (13). The first electrode (1) surrounds the dielectric tube (3) and comprises an elongated gas inlet (7) and outlet (8) parallel to the axis and diametrically opposed to each other on opposite sides of the dielectric tube (3). The second electrode (4) is a layer of metal applied to the internal wall of the dielectric tube (3). The second electrode (4)is formed by metallization of the internal wall of the dielectric tube (3). The gas inlet (7) and outlet (8) have a height not exceeding the radial thickness (e) of the gas passage (5). The external wall of the dielectric tube is covered with a thin layer (21) of enamel.

Abstract: A method for removing carbon-based polymer residues to effect a cleaning of a reactor, such as a planar plasma reactor, by exciting an ozone containing atmosphere in the reactor, which atmosphere is reactive with the carbon-based residues thereby forming volatile end products, which end products can be evacuated from the reactor.

Abstract: An ozone generating apparatus has a plurality of ozone generating units connected in series to form a plurality of stages along the flow path of a gas. Each ozone generating unit has an ozonizing chamber having a material gas inlet and a product gas outlet and ozonizer discharge electrodes disposed in the ozonizing chamber and connected to an AC high-voltage source. The voltage applied to said ozonizing discharge electrodes of each successive stages is so varied that the ozonizing discharge electrodes of each downstream stage, as viewed in the direction of flow of the gas, is supplied with a lower voltage than the voltage supplied to said ozonizer discharge electrodes of an adjacent upstream stage. A series connection of a plurality of ozone generating units can form a composite ozone generating unit, and a plurality of such composite units may be connected in series to form a plurality of stages. The voltages applied to such successive stages is varied in the same manner a above.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for generating a mixed oxidant that is rich in ozone is disclosed. The cell disassociates a brine solution to generate ozone and chlorine based oxidants. The improved cell design allows the ratio of ozone to the other oxidants to be optimized, thereby providing a more efficient sterilization solution. The ozone production is adjusted by adjusting the residence time of the brine solution in the cell and the orientation of the cell.

Abstract: A method for the generation of a supply of ozone containing process gas exhibiting high effective ozone content basically involves the steps of (a) providing a stream of an oxygen containing feed gas having a temperature not greater than about 50.degree. C. and an absolute pressure between about 1 and 3 bar, (b) subjecting the stream of feed gas to an electric discharge that transforms some of its oxygen content into ozone to produce a stream of ozone containing gas, and (c) compressing the ozone containing gas with simultaneous cooling thereof to produce a stream of ozone containing process gas having a temperature not greater than about the temperature of the feed gas, an absolute pressure greater than 3 bar and an absolute ozone partial pressure of at least 0.2 bar. Various systems for carrying out such methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An ozone beam generation apparatus includes an ozonizer for forming an ozone-containing gas through the ozonization of an oxygen-containing gas; a refrigerator for liquefying or solidifying only ozone present in the ozone-containing gas; a vessel for storing the liquefied or solidified ozone; a temperature controller for contorting the temperature of the storing vessel and for gasifying the liquefied or solidified ozone; and a piping system for transporting-the gasified ozone to a desired device. The apparatus makes it possible to steadily and safely supply pure ozone to an apparatus for oxidation treatment.

Abstract: A charger or other corona generating source in an image forming apparatus is ventilated by free convection. A corona charger includes a shield partially enclosing it. The shield includes an opening into an air channel, which air channel includes a portion which has an upward or vertical direction. Air in the vertical portion of the channel is heated, which causes the air to rise to an exit followed by air through the opening in the shield to ventilate the charger.

Abstract: A method employing a precharging pulse to adjust and/or to equalize the peak voltages of a discontinuous bipolar pulse waveform used for powering a corona in an ozone generator system. This precharging pulse is generally opposite in polarity to the first unipolar pulse of the bipolar pulse waveform, and precharges the inductances and capacitances of the system to provide priming energy for the first corona pulse and to compensate for skewing of the waveform due to resonances. This method enables the corona to be operated at the optimum voltage for efficient ozone generation, and provides the ability to fine-tune each system to best match high-voltage transformers to corona cells.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from a contaminated airstream flowing into a chamber in the presence of an atomized reagent such as hydrogen peroxide and/or ozone and an ultraviolet light source.

Abstract: A process for producing high concentration ozone water, which comprises contacting an ozone-containing gas with fine droplets of water to dissolve ozone in the ozone-containing gas into the fine droplets of water.

Abstract: An ozone generator (1) comprises an ultra-violet lamp (2), means (3, 12, 13) for directing a flow of an oxygen containing gas through a zone (16) in which the gas is exposed to ultra-violet radiator emanating from the lamp, and means (8, 9) to expose the gas to a high voltage, low current electric field prior to or during exposure to ultra-violet radiation. Preferably at least one magnet 15 is associated with lamp 2 so that ionized particles within the lamp are concentrated by a magnetic field to congregate in a localized region in the vicinity of the zone (16).

Abstract: A copying apparatus which includes a filtering system defining an inlet and an outlet to the corotron cavity. Both the inlet and the outlet include filter material for filtering the air before it is delivered to the corotron cavity and filtering effluents generated during actuation of scorotron wires. The pathways to the inlet and the scorotron cavity are sealed to ensure little or no leakage of contaminated air which could be exposed to the scorotron wires. For this purpose two activated charcoal filters are doped with silver on a foam substrate, utilized both for the inlet and the outlet filters.

Abstract: A superconducting oxide is exposed to ozone. In one embodiment, the oxide is cooled to the superconducting state before exposure to ozone. The oxide may also be thermally cycled into and out of the superconducting state before exposure to ozone. The ozone may be in either the liquid or gaseous state and may be mixed with molecular oxygen. After exposure to ozone, the critical, or transition, temperature is elevated in comparison with material not so processed.

Abstract: An air purifying apparatus that has an ozone generator which generates plasma field in the ultraviolet region. It utilizes a pair of electrodes in the form of plates that are separated by an insulator. The plates are connected to a high-voltage transformer through diodes in such a way that only a negative and less positive charges appear on the plates. The generator is provided with a self-cleaning apparatus in which the circulating air fan that is provided for normally forcing air through the electrostatic plates may be turned off for a period of time and the ozone generated by the plates at that point in time will tend to combine with the contaminates and oxidize the same.

Abstract: A current source inverter power supply for an ozone generator which results in improved efficiency and reliability in operation of such generators has an AC/DC converter coupled through a large inductance to a DC/AC inverter that, in turn, is coupled at its output to the primary of a high voltage transformer. Such transformer has an air gap in its core to supply the electrical characteristics necessary for resonance with the load which is capacitive in nature. Thyristors in the inverter are naturally commutated so the switching frequency is close to, but slightly above, the natural resonant frequency of the inverter/transformer/ozone generator circuit.

Abstract: A method of supplying electrical power to and controlling corona discharge cells used for the generation of ozone employs a single-cycle discontinuous waveform which is characterized by a fixed pulse width and a variable repetition rate. Discrete bipolar pulses are composed of a pair of unipolar pulses of opposite polarity. The bipolar pulse repetition rate is varied to control the average corona power, providing an infinite turndown of ozone output. When powering discharge cells which are asymmetric in their response to pulse polarity, such as those containing a dielectric coated with a conducting surface as a first electrode and a metal as a second electrode, the present invention configures the first pulse of each pair to make the dielectric electrode electronically negative with respect to the metal electrode. This polarity sequence produces a more stable corona and far less electrical noise.

Abstract: To produce an ozonic aqueous solution, optionally in addition to recovering a gas having an elevated ozone content, an aqueous solution is treated in an absorption vessel under pressure with an ozonic gas produced in an ozone generator by silent electrical discharge in air or oxygen the ozonic gas being compressed to a pressure of up to 10 bar before treating the solution therewith. An aqueous ozonic solution under pressure is decompressed into the ozonic gas prior to compressing the ozonic gas, wherein ozone is released into the ozonic gas thus forming a gas having an elevated ozone content (strong gas).

Abstract: A current source inverter power supply for an ozone generator which results in improved efficiency and reliability in operation of such generators has an AC/DC converter coupled through a large inductance to a DC/AC inverter that, in turn, is coupled at its output to the primary of a high voltage transformer. Such transformer has an air gap in its core to supply the electrical characteristics necessary for resonance with the load which is capacitive in nature. Thyristors in the inverter are naturally commutated so the switching frequency is close to, but slightly above, the natural resonant frequency of the inverter/transformer/ozone generator circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for the production of ozone gas comprising: a parallel resonance circuit formed by a high voltage transformer and a companion flexible polymeric corona discharge chamber which encloses an electrode and serves as both a passageway and reservoir for oxygen bearing gas, and a fluid counter-electrode, all contained within an appropriate enclosure. Said corona discharge chamber possesses an electrical reactance which can be varied in order to match the electrical reactance of a companion high voltage transformer so that the components resonate, thereby maximizing the transfer of energy to the corona discharge gap. The dwell of corona discharge is further enhanced by an electrostatic potential incorporated across said tube wall (electret effect).

Abstract: An ozone generating method for increasing the quantity of ozone produced by a silent discharge in high purity oxygen includes mixing nitrogen with the high purity oxygen in a predetermined ratio. The nitrogen gas is a catalyst for stable and highly efficient ozone generation from a high purity oxygen source.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes a feed gas chamber for receiving a feed gas, an ozone gas chamber for receiving a produced ozone gas, a tubular electrode for connecting the two chambers, a discharge tube inserted in the tubular electrode, and a power source unit for applying a voltage having a frequency higher than a frequency of commercial power between a metal film and the tubular electrode to generate a discharge having a frequency higher than the frequency of commercial power. The discharge tube is constituted by a glass tube and the metal film coated on the inner surface of the glass tube. The metal film is made of stainless steel in order to improve an ozone resistance and a nitric acid resistance and is formed to have a thickness of 2,0000 .ANG. to 5,000 .ANG. in order to prevent generation of sparks and to enhance a thermal shock resistance.

Abstract: A tubular type ozone generator with inner and outer concentric electrodes and a middle dielectric member. One end is sealed to permit feed gas traversing the inner gap between the inner electrode and the dielectric member to reverse direction and to traverse the outer gap between the dielectric member and the outer electrode. A method for producing ozone using a tubular type ozone generator where first the total feed gas is passed in one direction between an electrode and the dielectric member for producing ozone, reversed, and then passed in the reverse direction between the dielectric member and the other electrode producing additional ozone. A hollow inner electrode permits more efficient cooling of the inner electrode. A plurality of ozone generators are combined with intake and output manifolds for the feed gas and produced ozone.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for deodorizing a gas mixture including air and a malodorous substance having a flow passage for the gas mixture and a fan for inducing air flow in a predetermined direction through the passage. An ultraviolet lamp for generating uv rays below a critical wavelength is in the flow passage for generating ozone from the air in the gas mixture. An ozone-decomposing catalyst layer is in the passage for contacting the gas mixture, and an ozone-decomposing ultraviolet lamp for generating uv rays above critical wavelength is positioned to irradiate the layer directly. The intensity of the radiation of the two layers is controlled to avoid the discharge of ozone from the downstream end of the passage.

Abstract: The energizer of the instant invention includes an electric discharge apparatus for creating an electric discharge and a focusing mechanism for focusing the electric discharge on a fluid to be energized. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the focusing mechanism takes the form of a dielectric core which is constructed and arranged to focus the electric discharge into a passage formed about the periphery of the core thereby enabling the use of energy levels substantially higher than would be possible without the focusing means.A method of energizing a fluid is taught which includes introducing the fluid into a confined region, providing an electric discharge for energizing the fluid and focusing the discharge into the confined region.

Abstract: A sealed glass tube having an electrical conductor therein arranged when combined with a high voltage and an encircling perforated metal member on the tube to produce ozone. The tube has an electrically conducting cap fitted on and integrally secured to one end thereof, and an externally threaded adapter is mounted on the cap for quick attachment to and detachment from an ozone generator manifold. The conductor has a projecting end secured to an outer end wall of the cap, and such wall in turn has a lug attached thereto providing quick attachment to a source of high voltage.

Abstract: In order to enhance the efficiency of an ozone generator it is proposed that its outer electrodes (1,2) are formed essentially as metal plates arranged and separated from one another in pairs, between which a tube (3) or a layer of closely-spaced tubes (3) with a diameter corresponding to the separation of the metal plates lies. The tubes (3) have an outer coating of dielectric material, or themselves consist of such, and possess in each case an inner electrode (4) of an electrically conductive material.Despite a comparatively inhomogeneous discharge gap (6), such an ozone generator has a high efficiency of ozone generation because the heat arising in the discharge space can be dissipated optimally.

Abstract: A corona discharge ozonator is provided that comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a dielectric material disposed between the electrodes. An ozonization chamber is formed between one of the electrodes and the dielectric material and defines a fluid flow path. A plurality of thermally-conducting solids are within the fluid flow path. Substantially each of the solids touches another of the solids and either the dielectric material or the first or second electrode. These solids transfer heat from the hotter to the cooler of the dielectric and the first or second electrode when one of the electrodes is cooled by a conventional means such as a water bath. Corona discharge ozonators of the invention have improved ozone output and increased ozone production energy efficiency.

Abstract: A corona treatment of web-shaped materials or shaped bodies is performed by at least one corona electrode which has an operating region, wherein a gas and/or waste heat produced during the corona treatment is aspirated and at least partially returned to the operating region of the corona electrode.

Abstract: A deodorizing apparatus includes a case having an air inlet and an air outlet, an ozone generator of the discharge type disposed in an air flow channel between the air inlet and the air outlet, an acceleration device disposed in the air flow channel at the air outlet side thereof for accelerating the decomposition of odors and ozone, a fan provided within the case, an electric motor provided within the case for driving the fan, and device disposed in the air flow channel at the air inlet side thereof for preventing an excess of ozone from flowing out. As a result, odors can be efficiently removed by a decomposition with ozone, while the leakage of residual ozone is minimized.

Abstract: Device for supplying power from a three-phase network to an ozonizer comprising at least two discharge elements (3, 4) having a capacitive character, and comprising two single-phase step-up transformers (1, 2) having air gaps connected in a SCOTT circuit and connected between the three-phase network and said discharge elements (3, 4). The device further comprises a three-phase transformer (8) whose secondary windings (5, 6, 7) are connected between said single-phase transformers (1, 2) and the three-phase network and whose primary windings (9, 10, 11) are star-connected and connected to the three-phase network through a dimmer (12).

Abstract: A rotary ozonizer has a base, a disk-shaped stationary electrode mounted on the base, and a rotary electrode unit disposed over the stationary electrode in face-to-face relation to form an electric discharge clearance. The rotary electrode unit comprises a plurality of radially outwardly extending arms, and upstanding blades fixed to the radially outer portions of the arms, respectively. When the rotary electrode unit is rotated about a vertical axis by a motor and a high voltage is applied between the electrode and electrode unit, an electric discharge takes place to ozonize the oxygen in said electric discharge clearance, and the thus produced ozone is supplied by the blades out of the ozonizer.

Abstract: A device and process for the generation of ozone using an ozone generator having two electrodes connected across the secondary winding of a high voltage transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to a converter which supplies thereto a square wave current of variable amplitude and variable frequency. A compensation coil is connected across either the primary winding or the secondary winding of the transformer. The ozone generator includes a solid dielectric and a gas path between its two electrodes. The inductance of the compensating choke and the operating frequency of the converter are selected such that the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit formed by the ozone generator and the compensation choke lies below the operating frequency of the converter current supply in any operating condition.

Abstract: Each ozonization loop (1) which includes a compressor (2), an ozonizer (3), and a heat exchanger (8) for cooling the oxygen-ozone mixture, is associated with three cylinders (4,5,6) filled with silica gel. Each cylinder operates in succession in a cocurrent adsorption, in countercurrent desorption by a substitution gas, and in scavenging by taking off a part of the flow circulating in the loop. The scavenging flow is recovered and combined with the substitution gas. The substitution gas may be in particular impure nitrogen supplyed by an air distillation apparatus producing the necessary oxygen.

Abstract: A waste gas in treated by the sequence of discharge treatment and catalytic oxidation. A microbe-containing gas is disinfected by first mixing it with ozone, then subjecting the gas to discharge treatment and catalytic reaction successively.

Abstract: A plasma generator including an excitation electrode and an opposite electrode confronting the excitation electrode such that plasma is generated upon impression of a high voltage between the excitation electrode and the opposite electrode. The plasma generator further includes granular material which is at least partially composed of dielectric grains and is provided between the excitation electrode and the opposite electrode.

Abstract: A supply device connected to a 3-phase mains supply for an ozonizer comprising at least two capacitive discharge elements (7, 8). The device comprises two single-phase step-up voltage transformers (1, 2) having air gaps (5, 6) connected in a Scott circuit and connected between the 3-phase mains supply and said discharge elements (7, 8).

Abstract: A gas can be separated by condensation from a gaseous mixture by exposing the mixture to reduced temperature in a chamber having an outlet. The outlet contains a restrictive structure, such as a sintered glass filter disc, on which a thin film of the condensed liquid forms. Liquid is drawn off through the restrictive structure while the film is replenished so that a barrier layer of the liquid which seals the outlet is continuously maintained. The gas may be ozone made from electrical treatment of oxygen and the resulting liquid ozone may be used for water purification.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to kill pathogens with ozone and singlet oxygen. Includes steps of providing a reaction chamber, establishing an elevated electrical force field in the reaction chamber and moving a gas containing normal oxygen (O.sub.2) through the chamber to permit ionization and consequent reaction within the gas which converts the oxygen (O.sub.2) into constituents of ozone (O.sub.3) and singlet oxygen (O.sub.1). Next moves gas containing constituents into contact with pathogens to kill pathogens. Invention is applied to sterilize medical instruments and containers, and when applied to human skin surfaces, for treatment of pathogenic infestations.

Abstract: A method for producing an ozone gas and an apparatus for producing the same are disclosed, in which a gas to be ozonized is fed to an ozonizer having a dielectric interposed between a pair of electrodes which are respectively connected to a high-frequency high-voltage power supply and thereby an ozone gas can be produced efficiently. The density of the gas to be ozonized which is fed to a silent discharge generating region in the ozonizer is made higher than the density of the same gas in the standard state. To that end, the temperature at the silent discharge generating region is lowered, and/or the pressure at the same region is increased.

Abstract: A power supply for an ozone generator utilizes a magnetic-leakage type step-up transformer in series with a saturable core inductor which are connected in series across a low voltage AC source. The secondary of the transformer is connected to the ozone generator and the inductor has a control winding which is connected to a continuous (i.e. DC) current source whose value controls the inductance of the inductor. Since the voltage of the low voltage AC source is divided between the inductor and the transformer, the DC current effectively controls the magnitude of the voltage across the transformer primary and thereby controls the high AC voltage supplied to the ozone generator.

Abstract: Electrolytic cell and method of use thereof is provided for the production of ozone. The cell comprises at least one inert glassy carbon, lead dioxide or platinum anode, and at least one air cathode for reducing oxygen and electrolyte comprising tetrafluoroborate anions.

Abstract: A glow discharge generating apparatus comprises, in a glow discharge chamber, an anode, a cathode for generating a glow discharge between the cathode and the anode upon application of a negative pulse, and a triggering electrode for starting the glow discharge. To stabilize the glow discharge, the electron density distribution in the vicinity of the surface of the cathode is made uniform only during at least part of a continuous period of the glow discharge.