Abstract: An ion-nitriding apparatus which is designed so that in heating and nitriding a workpiece by the combined use of glow discharge and heat generated by a heat-producing element, uniform temperature distribution of the workpiece during glow discharge can be obtained, thereby preventing overheating of the workpiece and realizing uniform heating and uniform nitriding of the workpiece.

Abstract: An ion-nitriding apparatus wherein heating and nitriding of workpieces can be carried out at high thermal efficiency, with excellent uniformity and in a short time by the combined use of glow discharge and heat generated by a heat-producing element. Heating efficiency can be raised in heating of workpieces by lessening the heat value to be released out of the furnace, and overheating of workpieces can be prevented in nitriding of them by increasing the heat value to be released out of the furnace in proportion to the increase of glow discharge output, and thus the nitriding efficiency can be raised.

Abstract: This invention is based on the factors that both oxygen gas and nitrous oxides as gas are paramagnetic; as well as are quite soluble in saturated halogenated hydrocarbon liquids; whereas nitrogen is not paramagnetic; thus providing a means of separation of the oxygen and nitrous oxide from the nitrogen by high intensity magnetic forces created by an electromagnet.The absorber liquid, saturated with dissolved oxygen and nitrous oxides, or ammonia is then ozonated using the solvent or absorber liquid dielectric as the dielectric in an ozone generator.The effluent is stripped of nitric oxide with water to form nitric acid or by reduced pressure to recover nitric oxide.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing ozone, wherein air or oxygen is passed through two high voltage electrodes mounted opposite each other in a housing and is converted into ozone by electrical discharge. The housing is constructed as a slender tube open at both ends and made from an electrically non-conductive material, while between the two electrodes, extending more or less over the entire inner length of the tube is mounted at least one bipolar electrode without an electrical input or output, which divides the inside of the tube into discharge channels. The bipolar electrode is formed by a surface, on which discharge points are mounted and directed at the earthed electrode. The discharge electrode, directed at the surface of the bipolar electrode, is similarly provided with a plurality of discharge points.

Abstract: Short-circuit prevention is provided in an arrangement for measuring temperatures of workpieces to be nitrided. An electrical potential gradient is established between a workpiece and a container in which the workpiece is accommodated so as to heat the workpiece and concomitantly produce in the circumambient region of the workpiece a corona discharge field of ionized particles. In order to measure the temperature of the workpiece, a heat sensor is mounted in the workpiece and extends along a path from the workpiece through the field of particles in the circumambient region and thereupon to the exterior of the container. Due to the presence of the heat sensor in the field, metal particles spattered from the workpiece tend to deposit themselves along the heat sensor.

Abstract: A method of separating isotopes of hydrogen which comprises subjecting a ture of nitrogen and isotopes of hydrogen in a H.sub.2 --N.sub.2 mole ratio from 1:4 to 10:1 to a glow electrical discharge from 10.sup..sup.-3 to 10.sup.+.sup.1 eV per reactant molecules at a temperature from 50.degree. K to 200.degree. K and at a pressure of at least 0.3 Torr.

Abstract: Compositions of matter including the structural unit ##EQU1## wherein R.sub. F ' is a divalent polyfluoroalkylene group having a chain length of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted at one or more positions with chloro-or polyfluoroalkyl, chlorofluoroalkyl or polyfluorocycloalkyl groups containing up to six carbon atoms; and R.sub.F is a monovalent straight or branched chain, or cyclic, polyfluoroalkyl group or a chlorofluoroalkyl group containing up to ten carbon atoms and the R.sub.F groups are the same or different or is a divalent polyfluoroalkylene group having a chain length of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted at one or more positions with chloro or polyfluoroalkyl, chlorofluoroalkyl or polyfluorocycloalkyl groups containing up to six carbon atoms and the R.sub.F groups are interconnected to form a cyclic structure.

Abstract: The friction surface of a cast iron side wall member for a rotary piston engine is hardened by iontriding in an electrical glow discharge in a gas atmosphere containing nitrogen, after coating the areas not to be hardened, to inhibit glow discharge at those areas.