Abstract: An electro-chemical device having a cell thickness of 1 ?m-1000 ?m, comprising a first and a second substrate disposed to face each other, and having electrodes on facing surfaces, transparent electrolyte solution sandwiched between the first and the second substrates, containing electro-deposition material containing Ag, mediator, supporting electrolyte, and solvent, and having optical density not larger than 0.1 in visible light range of wavelength 400 nm-800 nm.

Abstract: Provided is an electrode for energy storage devices, which is provided with a collector substrate, an undercoat layer that is formed on at least one surface of the collector substrate and contains carbon nanotubes, and an active material layer that is formed on the surface of the undercoat layer, and wherein the active material layer does not contain a conductive assistant.

Abstract: Provided is an electrode for energy storage devices, which is provided with: a collector substrate; an undercoat layer that is formed on at least one surface of the collector substrate and contains carbon nanotubes; and an active material layer that is formed on the surface of the undercoat layer and contains an active material which contains a titanium-containing oxide.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a layer of a mixture containing graphite powder and an organic binder on a current collector, wherein a diffraction intensity ratio (002)/(110) measured by X-ray diffractometry of the layer of a mixture is 500 or less. A lithium secondary battery includes the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and a positive electrode that includes a lithium compound. This results in less deterioration in the rapid charge and discharge characteristics and the cycle characteristics when the density of the negative electrode is made higher, thereby providing a high capacity lithium secondary battery having the improved energy density per unit volume of the secondary battery.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses an enzyme electrode comprising; an electrode comprising a current collector; a monolayer-forming molecule bound to the surface of the current collector; and a glucose dehydrogenase comprising a cytochrome C subunit bound to the monolayer-forming molecule; wherein electrons are transferred between the glucose dehydrogenase and the current collector by oxidation-reduction reaction of the glucose dehydrogenase.

Abstract: An electrode is presented for use in an oxidation process. The electrode comprises a substrate having an electrically conductive surface carrying a chiral system. The chiral system is configured for controlling spin of electrons transferred between the substrate and electrolyte during the oxidation process.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic light emitting display device to improve optical efficiency and prevent deterioration in reliability of thin film transistors, and a method of manufacturing the same. The organic light emitting display device includes a mirror wall which is disposed on a substrate such that the mirror wall surrounds a light emitting area of each sub-pixel where a light emitting element is disposed, thus preventing total reflection of light produced in the light emitting element and improving optical efficiency by reflecting light travelling toward a non-emitting area to be directed to the light emitting area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a negative electrode for secondary batteries including a negative electrode mix applied to a current collector, the negative electrode mix including a negative electrode active material, a thickening agent and an aqueous binder, wherein the thickening agent is a carboxymethyl cellulose lithium salt (CMC—Li salt) having a substitution degree of a hydroxyl group (—OH) by a carboxymethyl lithium group (—CH2COOLi) of 0.7 to 1.5 and the thickening agent is present in an amount of higher than 0.6% by weight and not higher than 1.4% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the negative electrode mix.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of bioelectricity. The present invention provides energy generating systems, methods, and devices that are capable of converting chemical energy stored in sugars into useful electricity.

Abstract: A composite particle is provided. The particle comprises a first particle component and a second particle component in which: (a) the first particle component comprises a body portion and a surface portion, the surface portion comprising one or more structural features and one or more voids, whereby the surface portion and body portion define together a structured particle; and (b) the second component comprises a removable filler; characterized in that (i) one or both of the body portion and the surface portion comprise an active material; and (ii) the filler is contained within one or more voids comprised within the surface portion of the first component.

Abstract: A system and methods are provided for reducing electrochemical interference in a transdermal sampling and analysis device. A one-step transdermal glucose biosensor may calculate glucose concentrations that are artificially high compared to traditional home blood glucose sensors due to interference, which may be mitigated by forming an anti-interferent barrier layer over a sensing element. The anti-interferent barrier layer may be formed over a sensing layer and may possess a charge type which repels interferent molecules having the same charge type from interacting with the sensing layer disposed below the anti-interferent barrier layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sensing internal states of vehicle batteries are described. From this internal state information, various physical characteristics of the battery can be measured, calculated or inferred. A vehicle can include an electric motor, a battery to store electrical energy for the electric motor, and a sensor connected to the battery to sense a battery state, to receive an input signal, and to wirelessly transmit an output signal indicating the battery state. The sensor may be passive and built into the structure of the battery. The sensor can be a surface wave acoustic sensor with a magnetic field sensor, which can be a magnetoimpedance sensing device and a temperature sensor.

Abstract: One object of an embodiment is to provide a novel electronic device which is configured so that a user can read data regardless of a location, input data by directly touching a keyboard displayed on a screen or indirectly touching the keyboard with a stylus pen or the like, and use the input data. The electronic device includes a first transistor electrically connected to a reflective electrode and a photo sensor over a flexible substrate. A touch-input button is displayed as a still image on a first screen region of a display portion, and a video signal is output so that a moving image is displayed on a second screen region of the display portion. A video signal processing portion supplying different signals between the case where a still image is displayed on the display portion and the case where a moving image is displayed on the display portion is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrolysis catalysts formed from cobalt, oxygen and buffering electrolytes (e.g. fluoride). They can be formed as a coating on an anode by conducting an electrolysis reaction using an electrolyte containing cobalt and an anionic buffering electrolyte. The catalysts will facilitate the conversion of water to oxygen and hydrogen gas at a range of mildly acidic conditions. Alternatively, these anodes can be used with cathodes that facilitate other desirable reactions such as converting carbon dioxide to methanol.

Abstract: Electrolytically treating water through influent inlet arrangements for cavitation and one or more pairs of electrodes. The electrodes can provide continuous anodic and cathodic operation for treating water. The pressurized influent premixed with oxidant gas can be pumped into the reactor vessel through the mixing nozzles arranged radially along the circumference. The polarity of the current to the electrode can be periodically reversed at a set interval. An electro-catalytic paddle electrode can be used for the treatment of flowback and produced water. The paddle electrode can consists of alternate pentagonal flat plate electrodes separated by adjustable variable distance Teflon spacers. The paddle electrode is provided with a chemical coating capable of switching/reversing the polarity of anodes and cathodes at ultra high frequencies under very high current flowing conditions thus making it more efficient, stable and durable under demanding field conditions.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide and water forming carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The electrode includes a metal substrate. A self-assembled monolayer is bonded to the metal substrate. A selectivity of reaction products of carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced by the electrode is regulated relative to a bare metal substrate.

Abstract: A bacterial fuel cell including a plurality of anodes and a plurality of cathodes in liquid communication with a liquid to be purified, the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes each including a metal electrical conductor arranged to be electrically coupled across a load in an electrical circuit and an electrically conductive coating at least between the metal electrical conductor and the liquid to be purified, the electrically conductive coating being operative to mutually seal the liquid and the electrical conductor from each other.

Abstract: Solution-phase (e.g., homogeneous) or surface-immobilized (e.g., heterogeneous) electrode-driven oxidation catalysts based on iridium coordination compounds which self-assemble upon chemical or electrochemical oxidation of suitable precursors and methods of making and using thereof are. Iridium species such as {[Ir(LX)x(H2O)y(?-O)]zm+}n wherein x, y, m are integers from 0-4, z and n from 1-4 and LX is an oxidation-resistant chelate ligand or ligands, such as such as 2(2-pyridyl)-2-propanolate, form upon oxidation of various molecular iridium complexes, for instance [Cp*Ir(LX)OH] or [(cod)Ir(LX)] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, cod=cis-cis,1,5-cyclooctadiene) when exposed to oxidative conditions, such as sodium periodate (NaIO4) in aqueous solution at ambient conditions.

Abstract: The use, in corrosion protection systems, dewatering systems, and systems to reduce biofouling, of an anode which comprises a conductive polymer composition comprising a polymer and, mixed with the polymer, a conductive filler which comprises an exfoliated graphite.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a polyamic acid represented by the following formula (I), and an electrode having an active layer made from the polyamic acid of formula (I).

Abstract: An electrode for solar conversion including a porous structure configured to contain therein at least one of a catalyst, a chromophore, and a redox couple. The porous structure has a set of electrically conductive nanoparticles adjoining each other. The set of electrically conductive nanoparticles forms a meandering electrical path connecting the nanoparticles together. The porous structure has an atomic layer by layer deposited semiconductive coating disposed conformally on the electrically conductive nanoparticles to form an exterior surface for reception of charge carriers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas-diffusion electrode provided with a sintered and cast gas-diffusion layer having a high elastic modulus. The electrode is useful as hydrogen-consuming anode or oxygen-consuming cathode of depolarised electrolytic cells such as electrowinning, chlor-alkali or electrodialysis cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioelectrode including a cross-linkable organometallic polymer, and to a method for manufacturing same, and more particularly, to an electrode in which a nanostructure of the organometallic polymer is controlled to be used in bio fuel cells, biosensors, and the like. The electrode according to the present invention includes an organometal and further includes a self-assembling block copolymer and enzyme, and provides usages in bio fuel cells and biosensors.

Abstract: An efficient and low environmental impact method is disclosed for the recovery of lithium from aqueous solution, for example, brines from high altitude salt lakes. The method comprises the use of an electrochemical reactor with electrodes which are highly selective for lithium, where lithium ions are inserted in the crystal structure of manganese oxide in the cathode, and extracted from the crystal structure of manganese oxide in the anode. Also disclosed are three-dimensional carbon electrodes embedded in manganese oxides formed by impregnating a porous support, for example a carbon felt, with a manganese oxide/carbon black slurry.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell capable of preventing elution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof immobilized on an electrode, and capable of preventing performance degradation due to elution, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell. A biofuel cell having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other via a proton conductor, the biofuel cell configured so that an enzyme is used to extract electrons from a fuel, wherein the negative electrode is configured from an electrode including carbon and/or an inorganic compound having pores with a size of 2 nm or more and 100 nm or less on the surface, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof being immobilized on the carbon and/or the inorganic compound. A carbon particle, a carbon sheet, or carbon fiber is used as the carbon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a removable anodising agent, in particular for local anodic oxidation of metal surfaces, and its use, and a method for anodic oxidation by means of an anodising agent according to the invention.

Abstract: An electrode mask for electrowinning a metal is provided. An example technique forms openings in a solid nonconductive sheet, such as vinyl, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or other plastic and adheres the sheet as a solid to a cathode surface as a mask. The mask protects the cathode surface from electrical interaction with an electrolyte, while the openings allow controlled electrodeposition of a metal in harvestable rounds, which can be stripped from the cathode. The electrode mask is reusable, and easily removed for recycling and replacement. A matrix design engine calculates pattern and sizes for the openings in the mask to optimize electrodeposition of the metal based on multiple parameters including the metal to be deposited, ions present in an electrolyte, electrolyte concentration, pH level, voltage, electrical current density, solution temperature, electrode temperature, or plating time.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a polyamic acid represented by the following formula (I), and an electrode having an active layer made from the polyamic acid of formula (I).

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a first conjugated polymer material that forms an interface with a second material, wherein charge is separated from photo excited species generated in one or both of the first and second materials and subsequently participates in a reaction, electro-catalytic reactions or redox reactions.

Abstract: An electrochemical device comprises an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell comprises a composite cation-exchange member including a conductive base and a cation-exchange material in physical contact with the conductive base, a composite anion-exchange member including a conductive base and an anion-exchange material in physical contact with the conductive base; and a compartment between the composite cation-exchange and anion-exchange members. The compartment comprises an inlet for introducing a feed stream, and an outlet for exiting of an output stream out of the compartment. The electrochemical device comprises a control device configured to transmit an electrical current to the composite cation-exchange and anion-exchange members at a regeneration stage in a manner that the conductive base on the composite cation-exchange member loses electrons and the conductive base on the composite anion-exchange member gains electrons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel Bacillus pumilus bilirubin oxidase, to the method for preparing same and also to the use thereof in particular for assaying bilirubin and for using enzymatic biofuel cells.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode is described, especially for use in chloralkali electrolysis, said gas diffusion electrode having finely divided components on the liquid side. The electrode is notable for a low perviosity to gases and a lower operating voltage.

Abstract: An oxygen-consuming electrode is described, more particularly for use in chloralkali electrolysis, comprising a novel catalyst coating based on silver and a finely divided silver oxide, as is an electrolysis apparatus. Also described is a production process for the oxygen-consuming electrode and the use thereof in chloralkali electrolysis or fuel cell technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spherical electrode and to a spherical electrode cell, and more particularly, to a method for forming an electrode on an ion-exchange resin or forming an electrolysis cell on an ion-exchange resin. The spherical electrode or spherical electrolysis cell of the present invention can be used for: electrolysis reactors, for example in hydrolysis for producing hydrogen and oxygen gas; for the production of oxidants by means of the electrolysis of electrolytes such as a sodium chloride solution and sodium chlorite; or fuel cells that generate electricity using oxygen and hydrogen.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical device includes a conductor and an active layer. The active layer is formed on the conductor and includes a polymer with a functional group represented by the following formula (A) or (B), and a carboxylated material containing a carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and to a method for detecting and/or quantifying mercuric ions, Hg2+. The apparatus of the invention is of the type comprising an electrical device comprising two electrodes and a substrate comprising at least one surface made of an organic or inorganic semiconductor material, the electrodes being in electrical contact with said organic or inorganic semiconductor material, and a device for measuring the variation in the conduction current between the two electrodes, and wherein at least one compound which complexes mercuric ions Hg2+, selected from a dithia-dioxa-monoaza crown ether compound, an N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)amine, an N,N-di(carboxyethyl)amine, and mixtures of two at least of these compounds, is bonded to said semiconductor material or to an electrode of said electrical device. The invention finds application in the field of the detection of mercuric ions, in particular.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxygen-consuming electrode comprising a support in the form of a sheet-like structure and a coating comprising a gas diffusion layer and a catalytically active component, wherein the support is based on a material which can be at least partly removed by dissolution, decomposition, melting and/or vaporization. Furthermore, the use of this oxygen-consuming electrode in chloralkali electrolysis or fuel cell technology is described.

Abstract: Internally calibrated pH and other analyte sensors based on redox agents provide more accurate results when the redox active reference agent is in a constant chemical environment, yet separated from the solution being analyzed in such a way as to maintain electrical contact with the sample. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) can be used to achieve these results when used as a salt bridge between the reference material and the sample being analyzed. The RTIL provides the constant chemical environment and ionic strength for the redox active material (RAM) and provides an electrolytic layer that limits or eliminates direct chemical interaction with the sample. A broad range of RAMs can be employed in a variety of configurations in such “Analyte Insensitive Electrode” devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxygen-consuming electrode comprising at least one support structure having a surface and a gas diffusion coating having a catalytically active component disposed on the surface. The coating contains at least one fluorine-containing polymer, a silver compound, selected from the group consisting of silver particles, reducible silver compounds, and mixtures thereof, and a hydrophilic caustic alkali-resistant filler which is electrically nonconductive or has a poor electrical conductivity and has an average particle diameter from 5 to 200 ?m.

Abstract: An enzyme electrode that enables rapid degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) in a contaminated sample and/or monitoring of BPA concentration in a contaminated sample. The enzyme electrode includes a working electrode having one or more selected enzymes that are capable of degrading BPA linked to the working electrode. The selected enzymes linked to the working electrode are capable of degrading BPA at an enhanced rate in response to an applied voltage. The electrode can be used to monitor BPA concentration in a contaminated sample by measuring current flow through the electrode in response to an applied voltage.

Abstract: Novel materials comprising a solid support, linker arms and metal-organic complexes, and their use for the electrocatalytic production and oxidation of H2. Such materials can be used for the production of electrodes in the field of electronics, and notably electrodes for fuel cells, electrolysers and photoelectrocatalytical (PEC) devices.

Abstract: A bipolar electrode comprises an intermediate layer comprising one or more carbon materials. The bipolar electrode further comprises first and second layers disposed on opposite surfaces of the intermediate layer and configured to act as an anode and a cathode. The first and second layers comprise at least one of one or more electrically conductive carbon materials and one or more conductive polymers. A supercapacitor desalination device and a method for making the bipolar electrode are also presented.

Abstract: An inexpensive, easily renewable bioelectronic device useful for bioreactors, biosensors, and biofuel cells includes an electrically conductive carbon electrode and a bioelectronic interface bonded to a surface of the electrically conductive carbon electrode, wherein the bioelectronic interface includes catalytically active material that is electrostatically bound directly or indirectly to the electrically conductive carbon electrode to facilitate easy removal upon a change in pH, thereby allowing easy regeneration of the bioelectronic interface.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which has excellent water repellency for quickly supplying and removing a reaction gas, and conductivity for efficiently conducting generated electrical power, a membrane-electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a method for producing the same, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and the present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode comprising a nonwoven fabric, a porous fluororesin, and a carbon material.

Abstract: Devices and methods are described for providing continuous measurement of an analyte concentration. In some embodiments, the device has a sensing mechanism and a sensing membrane that includes at least one surface-active group-containing polymer and that is located over the sensing mechanism. The sensing membrane may have a bioprotective layer configured to substantially block the effect and/or influence of non-constant noise-causing species.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to biomedical electrodes incorporating hydrophobic material and methods of formation thereof.

Abstract: A porous substrate for use in a wide variety of applications, such as wet capacitors, is provided. The substrate is formed by subjecting a metal substrate to a voltage while in solution to initiate anodic formation of an oxide film. Contrary to conventional anodization processes, however, the newly created oxide quickly breaks down to once again expose the metal surface to the electrolytic solution. This may be accomplished in a variety of ways, such as by raising the voltage of the solution above a critical level known as the “breakdown voltage”, employing a corrosive acid in the solution that dissolves the oxide, etc. Regardless of the mechanism employed, the nearly simultaneous process of oxide growth/breakdown results in the formation of a structure having pores arranged at substantially regular intervals. The resulting structure is highly porous and can exhibit excellent adhesion to electrochemically-active materials and stability in aqueous electrolytes.

Abstract: A redox mediator is a hyperbranched polymer having redox moieties (e.g. ferrocene) incorporated into its structure and/or chemically bonded to its periphery. It is attached to an electrode and assists in transferring electrons between the electrode and a redox enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing an electrode comprising providing an electrode substrate, depositing on said electrode substrate a first substantially aqueous coating solution comprising precursors of a valve metal oxide and of at least two platinum group metal oxides, treating the first coating solution to provide a first metal oxide coating layer on the electrode substrate, depositing on said first coating layer a second substantially organic coating solution comprising precursors of a valve metal oxide and at least one platinum group metal oxide, wherein at least one of the precursors is in organic form, treating said second coating solution to provide a second metal oxide coating layer on the first coating layer. The invention also relates to an electrode obtainable by said method, and the use thereof.

Abstract: A new structure having mesopores is provided. The present invention provides a structure that has a plurality of mesopores wherein the structure has a dendritic framework and mesopores passing through the framework in the direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the framework. The present invention also provides a porous material, a sensor and a method for detecting a specimen that take advantage of the new structure.