Abstract: The invention relates to a glucose dehydrogenase showing an NADP/NAD activity ratio, namely the value obtained by dividing the enzyme activity value obtained by using NADP as a coenzyme by the enzyme activity value obtained by using NAD as a coenzyme, of not lower than 300, to a gene coding therefor, and to a transformant harboring that gene. The enzyme of the invention is very high in NADP specificity and can be suitably used, for example, for NADPH production, for coenzyme regeneration in enzymatic reduction reactions, and in biosensors for glucose concentration measurements.

Abstract: Provided are an electrode, an electrolysis cell, and an electrochemical analyzer that improve the long-term stability of analysis data. A working electrode, a counter electrode, and reference electrode are disposed in an electrolysis cell. The working electrode is obtained by forming a lead wire in a composite material having platinum or a platinum alloy as a base material, in which a metal oxide is dispersed, or in a laminated material obtained by laminating a valve metal and platinum such that the cross sectional crystal texture in the thickness direction of the platinum is formed in layers and the thickness of each layer of the platinum is 5 micrometers or less. The metal oxide is selected from among zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, and niobium oxide, and the metal oxide content of the platinum or the platinum alloy is 0.005 to 1 wt % in terms of the zirconium, tantalum, or niobium metal.

Abstract: A sensor designed to determine the amount and concentration of analyte in a sample having a volume of less than about 1 ?L. The sensor has a working electrode coated with a non-leachable redox mediator. The redox mediator acts as an electron transfer agent between the analyte and the electrode. In addition, a second electron transfer agent, such as an enzyme, can be added to facilitate the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the analyte. The redox mediator is typically a redox compound bound to a polymer. The preferred redox mediators are air-oxidizable. The amount of analyte can be determined by coulometry. One particular coulometric technique includes the measurement of the current between the working electrode and a counter or reference electrode at two or more times. The charge passed by this current to or from the analyte is correlated with the amount of analyte in the sample. Other electrochemical detection methods, such as amperometric, voltammetric, and potentiometric techniques, can also be used.

Abstract: A filter test strip to filter and test a specimen in liquid includes a test element and a specimen filter assembly which is located on the test element and includes a filter cotton holding layer, a filter cotton layer and a cotton bonding layer. The filter cotton holding layer has a filter channel to allow the specimen in liquid to pass through. The filter cotton layer fills the filter channel. A gap is formed between the filter cotton holding layer and filter cotton layer. The cotton bonding layer is located below the filter cotton holding layer and bonded to the test element via an adhesive which masks the gap. Hence the specimen in liquid can be prevented from seeping out through the gap with passing through the filter cotton layer. Therefore, the specimen in liquid can fully be filtered by the filter cotton layer to enhance test accuracy.

Abstract: A system and method of indirectly modifying an environmental condition at a test site in one embodiment includes providing a test site on a substrate, providing a first activatable stimulant at the test site, providing an actuator configured to activate the first activatable stimulant at the test site, controlling the actuator to activate the first activatable stimulant, and modifying the local chemical environment at the test site with the first activated stimulant.

Abstract: A new ferrous complex capable of being used as an electron transfer mediator for a glucose sensor, a biosensor, and the like, is provided, which measure a glucose concentration in blood, in which the new ferrous complex exchanges rapidly and smoothly an electron between an enzyme and electrode, is strongly absorbed into electrode, and is stable, so that the new ferrous complex allows excellent sensitivity of a glucose sensor to be maintained.

Abstract: An analytical test strip has mutually-insulated first and second electrodes arranged to define a sample-receiving chamber. Electrically-insulating layers are disposed over respective electrodes. First and second electrical contact pads are electrically connected to the first electrode, and a third pad to the second electrode. A first side of the test strip has a first electrically-insulating layer and the third pad, and a second side has the second electrically-insulating layer and the first and second pads. The third pad extends longitudinally from the sample-receiving chamber farther than does the first electrically-insulating layer. Methods for determining an analyte in a bodily-fluid sample and analytical test systems for use in the determination of an analyte in a bodily-fluid sample are also described.

Abstract: A method of forming a 3-phenylimino-3H-phenothiazine or a 3-phenylimino-3H-phenoxazine mediator includes providing a first reactant including phenothiazine or phenoxazine, providing a first solvent, providing a second reactant and providing a second solvent. The first reactant, first solvent, second reactant and second solvent are combined to form a reactants solution. Sodium persulfate is added to the reactants solution to couple the first and second reactants resulting in a reaction solution including the 3-phenylimino-3H-phenothiazine or the 3-phenylimino-3H-phenoxazine mediator.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for detecting molecules of interest within a collected sample are described herein. In certain embodiments, self-contained sample analysis systems are disclosed, which include a reusable reader component, a disposable cartridge component, and a disposable sample collection component. In some embodiments, the reader component communicates with a remote computing device for the digital transmission of test protocols and test results. In various disclosed embodiments, the systems, components, and methods are configured to identify the presence, absence, and/or quantity of particular nucleic acids, proteins, or other analytes of interest, for example, in order to test for the presence of one or more pathogens or contaminants in a sample.

Abstract: Methods for determining a concentration of an analyte in a sample, and the devices and systems used in conjunction with the same, are provided herein. In one exemplary embodiment of a method for determining a concentration of an analyte in a sample, a sample including an analyte is provided in a sample analyzing device having a working and a counter electrode. An electric potential is applied between the electrodes and a measurement of a parameter correlating to changes in a physical property of the sample analyzing device is calculated. A concentration of the analyte in view of the parameter correlating to a change in the physical property can then be determined. Systems and devices that take advantage of the parameter correlating to changes in a physical property to make analyte concentration determinations are also provided.

Abstract: An enzyme electrode includes an electrode, and a detection layer that is in contact with the electrode and includes an oxidoreductase, a water-soluble conductive polymer, and conductive particles, electrons being transferred between the enzyme and the electrode by direct electron transfer in the detection layer.

Abstract: The invention pertains to analyte sensors designed to include layered compositions that provide these sensors with enhanced functional and/or material properties including, for example, resistance to damage caused by ethylene oxide during sterilization processes. Embodiments of the invention include polyvinyl alcohol N-methyl-4(4?-formylstyryl)pyridinium (SbQ) polymer materials and methods for employing such materials during the ethylene oxide sterilization of glucose sensors.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to devices and procedures for the development of glucose oxidase-bound electrodes by a covalent binding of glucose oxidase on amine-functionalized electrodes. More particularly, the present disclosure is related to covalently-bound enzyme-coated electrodes that are leach-proof and highly stable for continuous glucose monitoring. The glucose oxidase-bound electrodes are employed for the development of a mediator-less electrochemical glucose sensing procedure having no interference from biological substances and drugs.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide analyte sensors formed from layered materials that include polymeric enzyme compositions selected to provide advantageous material properties, as well as methods for making and using such sensors. Typical embodiments of the invention include glucose sensors used in the management of diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for adsorbing a protein onto a conductive solid substrate, comprising the application of an external potential to the solid substrate greater than +500 mV vs. the Ag/AgCl/Cl?SAT reference electrode, in the presence of a solution comprising the protein, wherein the solution has a pH within + 2 units of the isoelectric point of the protein, and wherein the protein adsorbs to the conductive solid substrate upon application of the external potential. Some embodiments are directed to a process of protein adsorption on a solid surface mediated by an applied potential that can be affected significantly by altering a number of variables such as protein concentration, flexibility, charge, molecular weight, pH, and charge of substrate.

Abstract: A biosensor is provided. The biosensor includes a lower substrate including an electrode unit, an insulation layer disposed on the lower substrate, a first spacer layer disposed on the insulation layer over the electrode unit, an enzyme unit disposed on the first spacer layer, a second spacer layer disposed on the enzyme unit, such that the enzyme unit is interposed between the first and second spacer layers, and an upper substrate disposed on the second spacer layer. The electrode unit includes a working electrode, and a reference electrode and a counter electrode that surround a periphery of the working electrode, facing the working electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilizing composition useful for improving the stability of reagent for redox reaction, and a reagent composition for redox reaction having an improved stability. The reagent composition for redox reaction can be applied for a reagent for electrochemical biosensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel Bacillus pumilus bilirubin oxidase, to the method for preparing same and also to the use thereof in particular for assaying bilirubin and for using enzymatic biofuel cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified glucose dehydrogenases that has dramatically increased productivity in Escherichia coli and dramatically increased thermal stability, which is obtained by introducing specific amino acid mutations to glucose dehydrogenase derived from Botryotinia fuckeliana. Also disclosed is a modified glucose dehydrogenases that has dramatically increased productivity in E. coli and dramatically increased thermal stability, which is obtained by replacing two amino acid residues in glucose dehydrogenase of fungal origin with cysteine residues. The novel glucose dehydrogenase has a low reactivity to xylose.

Abstract: A lactate sensor capable of accurately measuring a lactate concentration in a short period of time. The lactate sensor includes an insulating substrate, an electrode system including at least a working electrode and a counter electrode provided on the substrate, and a reagent layer provided on the electrode system. The reagent layer contains lactate oxidase, it mediator, and N-(2-acetamide)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include analyte-responsive compositions and electrochemical analyte sensors having a sensing layer that includes an analyte-responsive enzyme and a cationic polymer. Also provided are systems and methods of making the sensors and using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) or its functional flavodehydrogenase domain having glucose oxidation activity and a reduced maltose oxidation activity as compared to the unmodified CDH or its functional flavodehydrogenase domain, nucleic acids encoding said enzyme or domain, electrodes with said enzyme or domain and methods of producing and using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical biosensor with improved hematocrit measurement accuracy for measuring blood glucose. According to the present invention, an electrochemical biosensor including a first electrode part for correcting a measured hematocrit value and a second electrode part for measuring a glucose concentration is effective in improving accuracy of a measured hematocrit value and in more improving accuracy of a measured blood glucose concentration using the measured hematocrit values for correction, because an insulation cover is made thinner than a working electrode and an auxiliary electrode, so that areas of a first working electrode and a first auxiliary electrode of the first electrode part exposed to a blood sample become equal; a distance between the first working electrode and the second working electrode becomes constant; and electrode areas are maintained constantly by the insulation cover even when a positioning error occurs during printing.

Abstract: Methods that may be used for the electrochemical detection of multiple parameters, including chemical compounds. Further provided are cells that may be used in the electrochemical detection of multiple parameters, including chemical compounds, as well as a kit for the electrochemical detection of multiple parameters, including chemical compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to enzyme immobilization compositions comprising: one or more enzymes, a humectant, an acrylic-based monomer, a water-soluble organic photo-initiator and a water-soluble acrylic-based cross-linker in a substantially homogeneous aqueous mixture. The invention is also directed to methods for forming sensors comprising such compositions and to apparati for forming arrays of immobilized layers on an array of sensors by dispensing such compositions onto a substrate.

Abstract: A reagent composition containing GDH-PQQ as an enzyme-co-factor and screen-printed on working and counter electrodes of electrochemical biosensors, maintains activity of the enzyme reagents by proper selection of components. A preferred composition includes hydrophilic polymers, amorphous untreated silica, buffers, surfactants, and a mediator.

Abstract: Various embodiments that allow a more accurate electrochemical test strip measurement by identifying erroneous output signals during a glucose measurement thereby ensuring a much more accurate glucose test system.

Abstract: Devices to detect detecting endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) and/or 1-3-?-D-glucan (beta glucan or BG) using substrates including electrogenic mediators for amperometric detection are provided herein. Substrates include an amine group as well as one or more substituted organic rings, such as a phenol. Devices include cartridges for detecting LPS or BG simultaneously using dual detection techniques.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a technique to sample output signals at different time intervals from each of the electrodes in a biosensor to obtain respective glucose estimates including one where the output signals of at least one combination of electrodes measured at various time intervals are summed together to provide for a combined glucose estimate.

Abstract: A method for making a dry sensor element for an enzymatic determination of an analyte in a body fluid includes providing a substrate, producing a working electrode on the substrate, comprising depositing an active enzymatic electrode layer on a working electrode base structure provided on the substrate, the active enzymatic electrode layer containing an enzyme, producing a counter electrode on the substrate, and producing electric connectors on the substrate connected to the working electrode and the counter electrode, wherein the step of depositing the active enzymatic electrode layer on the working electrode base structure comprises depositing PEDOT:PSS by electropolymerization. A dry sensor element for an enzymatic determination of an analyte in a body fluid is also disclosed.

Abstract: A biosensor includes a working electrode 101, a counter electrode 102 opposing the working electrode 101, a working electrode terminal 103 and a working electrode reference terminal 10 connected to the working electrode 101 by wires, and a counter electrode terminal 104 connected to the counter electrode 102 by a wire. By employing a structure with at least three electrodes, it is possible to assay a target substance without being influenced by the line resistance on the working electrode side.

Abstract: A biosensor includes a working electrode 101, a counter electrode 102 opposing the working electrode 101, a working electrode terminal 103 and a working electrode reference terminal 10 connected to the working electrode 101 by wires, and a counter electrode terminal 104 connected to the counter electrode 102 by a wire. By employing a structure with at least three electrodes, it is possible to assay a target substance without being influenced by the line resistance on the working electrode side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate for a microfluidic device comprising a polymeric base plate, at least one sensor formed over the polymeric base plate for detecting at least one target analyte from a sample, the sensor comprising at least one reference electrode and at least one working electrode, wherein a plurality of nanostructures deposited over the working electrode for increasing the surface area of the working electrode, and at least one recognition element bound to or deposited over the nanostructures. The microfluidic device of the present invention is a point-of-care, self calibrated, self contained hand-held device for rapid screening and diagnosis of various disease markers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved electrochemical biosensor strips and methods for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. By selectively measuring a measurable species residing in a diffusion barrier layer, to the substantial exclusion of the measurable species residing exterior to the diffusion barrier layer, measurement errors introduced by sample constituents, such as red blood cells, and manufacturing variances may be reduced.

Abstract: There is provided a biosensor measurement system which can output a highly-precise measurement result even when an impact such as falling of the sensor occurs or the biosensor is an exposed sensor. An abnormal waveform detection electrode is provided in addition to electrodes for quantitative determination of a target substance. Therefore, when an impact is caused by such as falling of the sensor in a halt period where no voltage is applied in a voltage application algorithm, the abnormal waveform detection electrode can detect the impact. Further, also an exposed sensor can be detected by the abnormal waveform which is detected by the abnormal waveform detection electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a home test or a point of care test device that can both detect blood glucose and insulin levels and methods using said device. The device and methods can be used to aid diabetic patients and medical practitioners to fine tune insulin administration, and to monitor disease progression or treatment.

Abstract: Provided is a technique capable of suppressing reduction of a mediator in a stored state. A reagent layer (an enzyme layer 106b, a mediator layer 106c) stacked separately on a hydrophilic layer 106a containing a hydrophilic polymer having a double bond of oxygen atoms contains an enzyme, a mediator, and a hydrophilic polymer having no double bond of oxygen atoms. Accordingly, since the mediator is surrounded by the hydrophilic polymer having no double bond of oxygen atoms, the mediator contained in mediator layer 106c can be prevented from coming into contact with CMC as the hydrophilic polymer in hydrophilic layer 106a, and reduction of the mediator by the hydrophilic polymer having a double bond of oxygen atoms in hydrophilic layer 106a can be suppressed, in the stored state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition which reduces the measurement error caused by the effect of hematocrit in a biosensor and to a biosensor comprising the same. Specifically, the invention relates to a reagent composition comprising an enzyme, an electron transfer mediator, a water-soluble polymer, and bile acid, and to a biosensor comprising a reagent layer formed of the composition. The reagent layer reduces the measurement error caused by the effect of hematocrit in the biosensor.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a biochip comprising at least two measurement electrodes, a synthesis electrode, a ground electrode, a gap between the at least two measurement electrodes, a porous dielectric isolation layer and a gel comprising a probe in the gap, wherein the porous dielectric isolation layer is between the synthesis electrode and the gel. Yet other embodiments relate to the method of manufacturing the biochip and using the biochip for electrical detection of bio-species.

Abstract: A test sensor reagent for measuring the concentration of analytes in body fluids includes cellulose polymers for improving the stability of the test sensor and reducing the total assay time. The test sensor reagent also includes an enzyme, an electron transfer mediator and a rheological additive.

Abstract: Described and illustrated herein are one exemplary method and a measurement system having a meter and a test strip. The test strip has a first working electrode, reference electrode and second working electrode. In this method, acceptable fill data from known first current and known second current are used to predict an estimated second current at proximate the second time period (for a given batch of test strips) during the test sequence. The estimated second current at proximate the second time interval is then compared with a measured actual second current at proximate the second time interval during an actual test to determine if the measured actual second current is substantially equal to or within an acceptable percent deviation from the estimated second current so as to determine sufficient volume of a physiological fluid sample in the test strip.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a connector for connecting a biosensor and a measuring device thereof. The connector includes an insertion guide to prevent a connection electrode from being damaged due to a mis-insertion of the biosensor when the biosensor is inserted into the connector, and also may further include an integrated photo reflector for emitting and detecting an infrared ray to identify production lot information of the biosensor, so that production information of the biosensor may be simply opened, and as a result, the connector may be used as a connector for connecting the biosensor and the measuring device thereof.

Abstract: A concentration measuring device having a spot-application region, and a configuration capable of measuring the concentration of an object component in the sample liquid dropped on the spot-application region, the concentration measuring device including: a light irradiation device, which is provided on a side below the spot-application region, for emitting an irradiation light having a wavelength absorbable by a coloring matter in the dropped sample liquid. The irradiation light passes through the spot-application region, thereby the sample liquid dropped on the spot-application region is irradiated with the irradiation light from the side below the spot-application region. As a result, a non-covered region in the spot-application region can be easily found by visual observation. The spot-application region is composed of, for example, a through hole formed on the supporting film and a separation membrane that blocks the through hole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming an electrode, an electrochemical sensor comprising the same, and a method for determining an analyte using the electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: This invention discloses a reagent composition for a biosensor having high sensitivity which is capable of improving analysis linearity of an analyte such as glucose by reacting an oxidoreductase, a metal-containing complex, and Naphthol Green B, and minimizing blood necessary for measuring blood glucose since it is possible to detect a concentration of a small amount of the analyte, and a biosensor having the same. The reagent composition for a biosensor includes at least two kinds of electron transfer mediators including Naphthol Green B, and an enzyme.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor applies a stabilization voltage between a working electrode and a reference electrode to allow the amperometric current to stabilize before powering measurement electronics configured to measure the amperometric current and communicate the measured amperometric current. The electrochemical sensor consumes less power while applying the stabilization voltage than during the measurement. The measurement is initiated in response to receiving a measurement signal at an antenna in the eye-mountable device.

Abstract: Various embodiments for a method, systems and meters that allow for a more accurate analyte concentration with a biosensor by determining at least one physical characteristic of the sample and compensating for the effects of ambient temperature with a defined relationship between temperature in the environment, the meter or the biosensor.

Abstract: An analyte sensor for the continuous or semi-continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and a method for making the analyte sensor are disclosed. The analyte sensor includes a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer sensing layer in contact with a surface of an electrode, where the sensing layer includes methacrylate-derived backbone chains having covalent bonds to an analyte sensing component. The method includes combining the precursor components of the sensing layer, depositing the combined mixture on a surface of an electrode, and curing the deposited mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cartridge for sensor for detecting the concentrations of one or more components in a sample. The cartridge for sensor for detecting one or more components in a sample of the present invention not only enables quantitative measurement of one or more components in a sample by one time sample injection but also facilitates mass-production with low cost owing to the simple structure and easiness in preparation and carry. Therefore, the cartridge of the present invention can be effectively used as the biosensor cartridge for field measurement.

Abstract: A bio-fluid sensor is formed by depositing polyimide on a glass substrate. Gold and platinum are deposited on the polyimide and patterned to form fluid sensing electrodes, signal traces, and a temperature sensor. The fluid sensor is then fixed to a flexible tape and peeled off of the glass substrate.