Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor used together with a detector to measure biomaterial, and to an apparatus using same. A sensor of the present invention comprises: a body portion with a three-dimensional shape, having a biomaterial introduction hole, and attachable and detachable to/from a detector; a sensor portion with a plurality of reaction electrodes formed on one surface thereof, and a plurality of transfer electrodes formed on the other surface thereof; and an analyzer reagent fixed above the reaction electrodes. The sensor portion, together with the body portion, forms a reaction chamber connected to the biomaterial introduction hole, and is attached to the body portion such that the reaction electrodes are oriented toward the reaction chamber. According to the present invention, attachment and detachment is easy, even for the elderly, and the contamination of the sensor can be minimized.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing contact lenses with two-electrode electrochemical sensors are provided. In some aspects, the contact lens includes: a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens; and a circuit, disposed on or within the substrate, and including a two-electrode electrochemical sensor. The two-electrode electrochemical sensor can include: a working electrode; and a combination reference-counter electrode. The electrochemical sensor can be an amperometric sensor that senses a biological feature of a wearer of the contact lens. The working electrode can generate a signal indicative of the sensed analyte, and the combination reference-counter electrode can pass the signal generated from the working electrode. The signal can be employed to determine the analyte concentration of a solution in contact with the contact lens.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device that functions as a glucose sensor. The device has a reference electrode; a counter electrode, a working electrode; an electrically conducting membrane; an enzyme layer; a semi-permeable membrane; a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode; the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen; wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and a second layer of the second hydrogel. Disclosed too is a method that comprises using periodically biased amperometry towards interrogation of implantable glucose sensors to improve both sensor's sensitivity and linearity while at the same time enable internal calibration against sensor drifts that originate from changes in either electrode activity or membrane permeability as a result of fouling, calcification and/or fibrosis.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample. The method comprises the steps of: adding to the sample an antibody of the analyte; exposing to the sample a binding moiety capable of becoming associated with the antibody of the analyte, the binding moiety being associated with a redox active species that is bound to an electrode and electrochemically accessible to the electrode; and taking amperometric electrochemical measurements which indicate whether the electrochemistry of the redox active species has been modulated by the binding moiety associating with the antibody of the analyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical test sensor includes a lid and a base. The base has a length and a width. The length of the base is greater than the width of the base. The base includes at least a working electrode, a counter electrode and at least three test-sensor contacts for electrically connecting to a meter. The at least three test-sensor contacts are spaced along the length of the base from each other. The base and the lid assist in forming a fluid chamber for receiving the fluid sample. The electrochemical test sensor further includes a reagent to assist in determining the concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode useful in electrochemical nanobiosensors for determining the presence or concentration of analytes in aqueous samples. In particular, the electrode comprises a biocatalyst or other bioreceptor entrapped in a conducting polymeric film deposited on a conducting material and a non-conducting or conducting coating. In particular embodiments, the conducting polymeric layer also comprises metallic nanoparticles. Electrochemical nanobiosensors containing the electrode, methods of making the electrode or sensor and methods of detecting analytes are other aspects of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring biomaterial and a method for manufacturing thereof. The apparatus of the present invention comprises: a first substrate having a recess in one side thereof; a second substrate having a plurality of reaction electrodes where a biochemical reaction of a biomaterial occurs, and a plurality of delivery electrodes delivering signals from the reaction to a detector; and reaction reagents located in the recess causing the reaction with the biomaterial. The second substrate is attached to the first substrate such that a portion of the recess forms a sample-inlet, the recess cooperates with at least one edge of the second substrate to form at least one vent slit, and the reaction electrodes are directed toward the recess. Such apparatus of the present invention enables air in the capillary to be thoroughly and quickly discharged to the outside with biomaterial-introduction, thereby increasing the speed of the biomaterial-introduction.

Abstract: A biosensor is disclosed comprising a support; a conductive layer composed of an electrical conductive material such as a noble metal, for example gold or palladium, and carbon; slits parallel to and perpendicular to the side of the support; working, counter, and detecting electrodes; a spacer which covers the working, counter, and detecting electrodes on the support; a rectangular cutout in the spacer forming a specimen supply path; an inlet to the specimen supply path; a reagent layer formed by applying a reagent containing an enzyme to the working, counter, and detecting electrodes, which are exposed through the cutout in the spacer; and a cover over the spacer. The biosensor can be formed by a simple method, and provides a uniform reagent layer on the electrodes regardless of the reagent composition.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide analyte sensors having optimized electrodes and/or configurations of electrode elements as well as methods for making and using such sensors. Typical embodiments of the invention include glucose sensors used in the management of diabetes.

Abstract: Sensors, processes for manufacturing the sensors, and processes of detecting a target molecule with the sensor generally includes a substrate including a channel and first and second electrodes electrically connected to the channel, wherein the channel includes a monolayer of surface functionalized graphene or surface functionalized carbon nanotubes, wherein the surface functionalized graphene or surface functionalized carbon nanotubes include an imidazolidone compound.

Abstract: Electrochemical sensors for measurement of an analyte comprising an analyte sensing membrane comprising at least one salt of acetate ion, carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, or mixtures thereof. Sensor testing methods comprising contacting an electrochemical sensor with an aqueous solution comprising at least one salt of acetate ion, carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, or mixtures thereof and contacting the electrochemical sensor with one or more concentrations of analyte, the one or more concentrations of analyte being in the clinical concentration range of the analyte.

Abstract: In one form, a fructosyl peptidyl oxidase derived from a budding yeast Phaeosphaeria nodorum for assaying a glycated protein in a sample is provided. The fructosyl peptidyl oxidase has higher activity toward fructosyl valine as well as fructosyl valyl histidine, and may be useful in assaying HbA1c with higher sensitivity and specificity. Still, other forms include unique methods, techniques, systems and devices involving a fructosyl peptidyl oxidase.

Abstract: A biosensor for detecting an analyte in a sample of body fluid and methods for manufacturing the biosensor are disclosed. In one embodiment, a biosensor includes at least two electrical conductors embedded within an electrically insulating test element body. The electrical conductors are exposed at two ends of the test element body and a reagent, for example a reagent adapted to test for blood glucose, is applied to one end. In one form, the test element body is cylindrical with a circular or non-circular cross-sectional shape. In other embodiments, the test elements are manufactured by a resin pultrusion process in which resin embedded with electrical conductors is dried or cured, shaped and cut into segments, and reagent applied to one end of each segment.

Abstract: An electrochemical test sensor for detecting the analyte concentration of a fluid test sample includes a base, a dielectric layer, a reagent layer and a lid. The base provides a flow path for the test sample having on its surface a counter electrode and a working electrode adapted to electrically communicate with a detector of electrical current. The dielectric layer forms a dielectric window therethrough. The reagent layer includes an enzyme that is adapted to react with the analyte. The lid is adapted to mate with the base and to assist in forming a capillary space with an opening for the introduction of the test sample thereto. At least a portion of the width of the counter electrode is greater than the width of the working electrode.

Abstract: A glucose dehydrogenase, having high substrate specificity, can be produced at a low cost, is not affected by oxygen dissolved in a measurement sample and, in particular, has superior thermal stability is obtained by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Burkholderia, particularly Burkholderia cepacia. The glucose dehydrogenase produced by the microorganism is collected from the medium and/or from the cells of the microorganism.

Abstract: A glucose dehydrogenase, having high substrate specificity, can be produced at a low cost, is not affected by oxygen dissolved in a measurement sample and, in particular, has superior thermal stability is obtained by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Burkholderia, particularly Burkholderia cepacia. The glucose dehydrogenase produced by the microorganism is collected from the medium and/or from the cells of the microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel bilirubin oxidase from Magnaporthe oryzae, to the method of preparation thereof as well as use thereof notably for assay of bilirubin and for the application of enzymatic biofuel cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrodes for electrochemical analysis comprising: —an insulating surface; —carbon nanotubes situated on the insulating surface at a density of at least 0.1 ?mCNT Um?2; and —an electrically conducting material in electrical contact with the carbon nanotubes; wherein the carbon nanotubes cover an area of no more than about 5.0% of the insulating surface. Methods of making such electrodes and assay devices or kits with such electrodes, are also provided.

Abstract: A potentiometric sensor with suppressed leak current on the surface of an electrode and improved for a dynamic range and a response speed, in which a redox compound is immobilized through insulative molecules on the surface of a gold electrode, and a current between a source and drain of an insulated gate field-effect transistor along with reaction between an oxidized substance or a reduced substance produced by the reaction of a measured substance in a sample solution injector for supplying the sample solution containing the measured substance and an enzyme and a redox compound on the surface of the gold electrode, is monitored on real time to measure the change of the surface potential.

Abstract: A new ferrous complex capable of being used as an electron transfer mediator for a glucose sensor, a biosensor, and the like, is provided, which measure a glucose concentration in blood, in which the new ferrous complex exchanges rapidly and smoothly an electron between an enzyme and electrode, is strongly absorbed into electrode, and is stable, so that the new ferrous complex allows excellent sensitivity of a glucose sensor to be maintained.

Abstract: A biosensor (102) for determining the presence or amount of a substance in a sample and methods of use of the biosensor (102) are provided. The biosensor (102) for receiving a user sample to be analyzed includes a mixture for electrochemical reaction with an analyte. The mixture includes an enzyme, a mediator and an oxidizable species as an internal reference.

Abstract: A method of measuring an analyte in a biological fluid comprises applying an excitation signal having a DC component and an AC component. The AC and DC responses are measured; a corrected DC response is determined using the AC response; and a concentration of the analyte is determined based upon the corrected DC response. Other methods and devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor device for detecting at least one analyte in a fluid, in particular in a body fluid, is disclosed. The sensor device includes at least one closed detector chamber and at least one electrical sensor having at least one sensor electrode. The detector chamber can be connected to the fluid in such a way that the analyte can penetrate into the detector chamber. The detector chamber includes at least one detector substance. The detector substance is designed to influence at least one electrical property of the electrical sensor, in particular at least one electrical property of the sensor electrode, depending on a concentration of the analyte in the detector chamber.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for determining modal patterns from an overall trend, minor trend or significant trend for various periods during a time of the day modal report which can be utilized to provide insights to the person with diabetes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides small volume analyte sensors having large sample fill ports, supported analyte sensors, analyte sensors having supported tip protrusions and methods of making and using same.

Abstract: The catalytic electrode of the present invention does not cause mass transfer resistance, unlike conventional catalytic electrodes coated with Nafion or the like, and thus can achieve significantly high electron transfer efficiency. Accordingly, the catalytic electrode can have high power density, and thus has excellent physical properties.

Abstract: In a biosensor for measuring a specific substance in a liquid sample, one or a combination of sugar alcohol, metallic salt, organic acid or organic acid salt which has at least one carboxyl group in a molecule, and organic acid or organic acid salt which has at least one carboxyl group and one amino group in a molecule, is included in a reagent layer provided on electrodes, thereby providing a highly-accurate biosensor which is excellent in stability and has high response (sensitivity, linearity) of the sensor to the substrate concentration.

Abstract: A method of depositing reagent on an electrochemical test sensor adapted to determine information relating to an analyte includes providing a base and forming an electrode pattern on the base. The method further includes depositing the reagent on at least the electrode pattern using a reagent-dispensing system. The reagent-dispensing system applies mechanical force to the reagent in the reagent-dispensing system to assist in providing a wet reagent droplet on at least the electrode pattern.

Abstract: An analyte sensor configured to utilize oxygen as an oxidant and method for manufacturing and using the same are provided. The analyte sensor includes a catalyst to facilitate use of oxygen as oxidant. The catalyst may be provided on an electrode of the analyte sensor.

Abstract: The biosensor has an electrode system for electrochemically measuring 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) and a reagent layer formed on said electrode system. The reagent layer contains an enzyme for measuring 1,5-anhydroglucitol, phenothiazine compounds, a stabilizer selected from a group of compounds comprising metal salts, organic acids, and amino acids, and an acidic polymer compound as an optional ingredient. The biosensor has excellent storage stability and can electrochemically measure 1,5-anhydroglucitol unaffected by the hematocrit contained in a whole blood sample.

Abstract: The presence of a select analyte in the sample is evaluated in an an electrochemical system using a conduction cell-type apparatus. A potential or current is generated between the two electrodes of the cell sufficient to bring about oxidation or reduction of the analyte or of a mediator in an analyte-detection redox system, thereby forming a chemical potential gradient of the analyte or mediator between the two electrodes After the gradient is established, the applied potential or current is discontinued and an analyte-independent signal is obtained from the relaxation of the chemical potential gradient. The analyte-independent signal is used to correct the analyte-dependent signal obtained during application of the potential or current.

Abstract: A biosensor strip having a low profile for reducing the volume of liquid sample needed to perform an assay. In one embodiment, the biosensor strip includes an electrode support; an electrode arrangement on the electrode support; a cover; a sample chamber; and an incompressible element placed between the cover and the electrode support, the incompressible element providing an opening in at least one side or in the distal end of the sample chamber to provide at least one vent in the sample chamber. In another embodiment, the biosensor strip has an electrode support; an electrode arrangement on the electrode support; a cover; and a sample chamber, the cover having a plurality of openings formed therein, at least one of the openings in register with the sample chamber. The invention further includes methods for preparing such a biosensor strips in a continuous manner.

Abstract: Fluid analyte sensors include a photoelectrocatalytic element that is configured to be exposed to the fluid, if present, and to respond to photoelectrocatalysis of at least one analyte in the fluid that occurs in response to impingement of optical radiation upon the photoelectrocatalytic element. A semiconductor light emitting source is also provided that is configured to impinge the optical radiation upon the photoelectrocatalytic element. Related solid state devices and sensing methods are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical devices and methods for detecting, measuring or monitoring gene expression by detecting hybridization of nucleic acids to arrays. A support wafer with at least one immobilized detection spot is joined with a well-generating wafer to form a sample well above each detection spot. Electrodes transmit electrical impulses upon sample detection from the sample well to an output connector, which are then read by an automated measurement device. The electrode is disposed on either the support wafer, well generating wafer, or on an electrode support wafer. An enzyme-associated probe detects hybridization of molecules to the array, through generation of electrical impulses. Optionally, electron transport mediators and dyes are used in conjunction with the enzyme to aid in detection.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a gene (polynucleotide) encoding an FAD-conjugated glucose dehydrogenase which can be characterized by reactivity to glucose, thermal stability, substrate-recognition performance, and low activity for maltose; a process for the production of the enzyme using a transformant cell transfected with the gene; a method for the determination of glucose; a reagent composition for use in the determination of glucose; and a biosensor for use in the determination of glucose. An embodiment is a polynucleotide encoding an FAD-conjugated glucose dehydrogenase, comprising a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence comprises X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6, wherein X1 and X2 independently represent an aliphatic amino acid residue; X3 and X6 independently represent a branched amino acid residue; and X4 and X5 independently represent a heterocyclic amino acid residue or an aromatic amino acid residue.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus is disclosed herein. The sensor apparatus includes a flexible carrier that is elongated along a length of the carrier. The sensor apparatus also includes a plurality of analysis zones carried by the carrier. The analysis zones are spaced-apart from one another along the length of the carrier. The sensor apparatus further includes first and second spaced-apart electrodes carried by the flexible carrier. The first and second electrodes have lengths that extend along the length of the carrier. At least one of the first and second electrodes includes analyte sensing chemistry. The first and second electrodes extending across and contact the plurality of analysis zones.

Abstract: This invention describes methods for detecting target analytes by utilizing an electroactive moiety (EAM) that functions as a substrate for a specific enzyme. If target analyte is present, a functional group is enzymatically removed from a transition metal complex resulting in quantifiable electrochemical signal at two unique potentials, Eo1 and Eo2 that is detected through a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on an electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include analyte-responsive compositions and electrochemical analyte sensors having a sensing layer that includes an analyte-responsive enzyme and a cationic polymer. Also provided are systems and methods of making the sensors and using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrode strip, a sensor strip, a system thereof and a manufacturing method thereof. The sensor strip includes a first reactive film, a second reactive film and a vent hole. The first reactive film includes a substrate, a first electrode layer and a first insulation layer. The first end of the first insulation layer is concaved to a first depth to form a first reactive area. The second reactive film includes a second electrode layer and a second insulation layer. The first end of the second insulation layer is concaved to a second depth to form a second reactive area. The vent hole penetrates the second insulation layer, the second electrode layer and the first insulation layer so as to connect the first reactive area and the second reactive area.

Abstract: A subtractive corrective assay device and methodology, whereby ail required binding and label detection reagents are initially located within the detection zone. Application of a magnetic field is used to selectively remove bound label from the detection zone by means of paramagnetic particles. The relationship between measured label concentration before and after the application of a magnetic field within the detection zone is used to accurately measure analyte concentration within the sample.

Abstract: Methods of modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest from a biological sample in a biosensor having a multisite array of test sites. In particular, the methods modulate the pH or ionic concentration gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provide a biosensor and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

Abstract: A biosensor strip with improved sample area design is disclosed, in which a specimen flowing in a flow channel is siphoned into another flow channel which has two hydrophilic layers attached to two respective sides of the same for enhancing the siphoning of the specimen. In an embodiment, by the doping of a hydrophilic material into an enzyme layer of the biosensor strip, the specimen that is being siphoning rapidly is able to mixed with the enzyme fully so as to enhance the measurement accuracy of a biological instrument using the biosensor strip.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions, devices and methods for detecting esterase activity. The present invention also provides devices and methods of detecting esterase inhibitors, for example, organophosphates. In particular, the present invention provides a biosensor comprising Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE) polypeptides. Further, the present invention relates to medicine, industrial chemistry, agriculture, and homeland security.

Abstract: An electrochemical test device is provided having a base layer with a first electrode thereon and a top layer with a second electrode thereon. The two electrodes are separated by a spacer layer having an opening therein, such that a sample-receiving space is defined with one electrode on the top surface, the other electrodes on the bottom surface and side walls formed from edges of the opening in the spacer. Reagents for performing the electrochemical reaction are deposited on one of the electrodes and on the side walls of the sample-receiving space.

Abstract: Devices are described for providing quantitative information relating to a sample. Example devices include a flexible substrate, a sample receiver at least partially formed in or disposed on the flexible substrate, electronic circuitry and at least one indicator electrically coupled to the electronic circuitry. The flexible substrate includes at least one paper-based portion, at least one elastomeric portion, or at least one plastic portion. The electronic circuitry and the at least one indicator are at least partially formed in or disposed on the flexible substrate. The electronic circuitry generates an analysis result based on an output signal from the sample or a derivative of the sample. The at least one indicator provides an indication of the quantitative information relating to the sample based at least in part on the at least one analysis result.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide devices, methods, and systems for high throughput biomolecule detection using transducer arrays. In one embodiment, a transducer array made up of transducer elements may be used to detect byproducts from chemical reactions that involve redox genic tags. Each transducer element may include at least a reaction chamber and a fingerprinting region, configured to flow a fluid from the reaction chamber through the fingerprinting region. The reaction chamber can include a molecule attachment region and the fingerprinting region can include at least one set of electrodes separated by a nanogap for conducting redox cycling reactions. In embodiments, by flowing the chamber content obtained from a reaction of a latent redox tagged probe molecule, a catalyst, and a target molecule in the reaction chamber through the fingerprinting region, the redox cycling reactions can be detected to identify redox-tagged biomolecules.

Abstract: A reagent composition for a biosensor sensor strip is disclosed that provides for rapid rehydration after drying. The composition includes porous particles and is preferably formed as a colloidal suspension. The dried reagent composition including porous particles may provide analytically useful output from the sensor strip in a shorter time period than observed from dried reagent compositions using solid particles. The output signal from the porous particle compositions may be correlated to the analyte concentration of a sample within about two seconds. In this manner, an accurate concentration determination of an analyte concentration in a sample may be obtained in less time than from sensor strips including conventional compositions. The reagent composition including the porous particles also may allow for the redox reaction between the reagents and the analyte to reach a maximum kinetic performance in a shorter time period than observed from conventional sensor strips.

Abstract: A test strip and a detecting device are disclosed. The test strip can be used with an electrochemical instrument to accurately detect the viscosity and concentration of an analyte of a specimen. The test strip includes a first specimen path, a first electrode set, a redox reagent, a second specimen path, a second electrode set, and a reaction reagent. The redox reagent includes at least a redox pair. When the specimen enters the first specimen path, the redox pair dissolves and generates an electrochemical redox reaction for obtaining a flow time of the specimen. When the specimen enters the second specimen path, the reaction reagent is used to obtain the analyte concentration of the specimen, and the concentration of the analyte can be corrected by the flow time.

Abstract: A biosensor system determines an analyte concentration of a biological sample using an electrochemical process without Cottrell decay. The biosensor system generates an output signal having a transient decay, where the output signal is not inversely proportional to the square root of the time. The transient decay is greater or less than the ?0.5 decay constant of a Cottrell decay. The transient decay may result from a relatively short incubation period, relatively small sample reservoir volumes, relatively small distances between electrode surfaces and the lid of the sensor strip, and/or relatively short excitations in relation to the average initial thickness of the reagent layer. The biosensor system determines the analyte concentration from the output signal having a transient decay.

Abstract: A pathogen sensor comprising a growth medium upon which and/or within which a pathogen may grow, the growth medium comprising nutrients which facilitate growth of the pathogen, wherein the pathogen sensor further comprises an electronic detection apparatus configured to detect an electrochemical change mediated by the pathogen.