Abstract: The present invention provides a non-cyanide based Au—Sn alloy plating solution capable of performing a Au—Sn alloy plating treatment by a plating solution composition that is neutral and does not contain cyanide. In the present invention, a non-cyanide soluble gold salt, a Sn compound composed of tetravalent Sn, and a thiocarboxylic acid-based compound are contained. The non-cyanide based Au—Sn alloy plating solution of the present invention can further contain sugar alcohols, and, in addition, can further contain a dithioalkyl compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to the field of tin electroplating. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to methods for mitigating tin whisker formation on tin-plated films and tin-plated surfaces by doping the tin with gold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a make-up solution for a galvanic bath comprising organometallic components, a wetting agent, a complexing agent and free cyanide, wherein the make-up solution further comprises copper in the form of copper II cyanide and potassium, and complex indium allowing, after addition of alkaline aurocyanide, to galvanically depositing a gold alloy.

Abstract: Anti-displacement hard gold compositions are disclosed for inhibiting displacement of metal from substrates which are plated with the hard gold. The anti-displacement hard gold compositions may be used to spot plate substrates with hard gold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anode system for conventional electrolysis cells, a process for the production thereof and its use for the deposition of electrolytic coatings. The anode system is characterized in that the anode (2) is in direct contact with a membrane (3) which completely separates the anode space from the cathode space. This anode system is therefore a direct-contact membrane anode.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and method for forming highly uniform layers of metal on a substrate by electro-deposition. The substrate is electroplated in a bath composed of a quiescent (i.e., no external agitation) electrolyte solution using an effective constant current density carefully selected to match the chemical composition of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A solution composition that permits the use of thiourea is provided. The process is to form a solution that improves, on one hand, the velocity of gold and silver extraction, from minerals and other materials that contain them, improving the stability of the thiourea in the leaching solution and, on the other, the direct electrorecovery of the metals from the solution. The leaching solution, beforehand or simultaneously, has been subjected to a controlled electro-oxidation to produce formamidine disulfide (FADS) which acts as an oxidizing agent for the mineral phases that contain the gold and silver. In a preferred mode, the FADS is present as 10 to 30% of the total thiourea contained in the solution and the electrodeposition of the metals is performed in the same cell (cathodic compartment) in which the FADS is formed (anodic compartment).

Abstract: A gold alloy plating solution and plating method thereof that provides a gold plating solution with high deposition selectivity by using a gold plating solution that contains gold cyanide, cobalt ions, hexamethylene tetramine, and specific glossing agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal plating compositions for plating a metal on a substrate. The metal plating compositions include compounds which influence the leveling and throwing performance of the metal plating compositions. Also disclosed are methods of depositing metals on a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal plating compositions and methods. The metal plating compositions provide good leveling performance and throwing power.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the galvanoplastic deposition of a gold alloy on an electrode dipped into a bath including gold metal, organometallic compounds, a wetting agent, a sequestering agent and free cyanide, the alloy metals being copper metal and silver metal allowing a mirror-bright yellow gold alloy to be deposited on the electrode characterized in that the bath respects a proportion of 21.53% gold, 78.31% copper and 0.16% silver. The invention concerns the field of galvanic depositions.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for depositing gold alloys are disclosed. The compositions include certain dithiocarboxylic acids, salts and esters thereof and mercapto group containing compounds which provide bright gold alloy deposits with uniform color.

Abstract: A hard gold plating solution and plating method which provides a gold plating solution with high deposition selectivity using a gold plating solution containing gold cyanide, cobalt salt, and hexamethylenetetramine.

Abstract: A method of making colloidal sphere templates and the sphere-templated porous materials made from the templates. The templated porous materials or thin films comprise micron and submicron-scaled spheres in ordered, disordered, or partially ordered arrays. The invention is useful in the synthesis of submicron porous, metallic tin-based and other high capacity anode materials with controlled pore structures for application in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The expected benefits of the resulting nanostructured metal films include a large increase in lithium storage capacity, rate capability, and improved stability with electrochemical cycling.

Abstract: A gold alloy plating solution and plating method thereof that provides a gold plating solution with high deposition selectivity by using a gold plating solution that contains gold cyanide, cobalt ions, hexamethylene tetramine, and specific glossing agents.

Abstract: A solution composition that permits the use of thiourea is provided. The process is to form a solution that improves, on one hand, the velocity of gold and silver extraction, from minerals and other materials that contain them, improving the stability of the thiourea in the leaching solution and, on the other, the direct electrorecovery of the metals from the solution. The leaching solution, beforehand or simultaneously, has been subjected to a controlled electro-oxidation to produce formamidine disulfide (FADS) which acts as an oxidizing agent for the mineral phases that contain the gold and silver. In a preferred mode, the FADS is present as 10 to 30% of the total thiourea contained in the solution and the electrodeposition of the metals is performed in the same cell (cathodic compartment) in which the FADS is formed (anodic compartment).

Abstract: Disclosed are metal plating compositions for plating a metal on a substrate. The metal plating compositions include compounds which influence the leveling and throwing performance of the metal plating compositions. Also disclosed are methods of depositing metals on a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal plating compositions and methods. The metal plating compositions provide good leveling performance and throwing power.

Abstract: To provide a hard gold-based plating solution which enables selective partial plating treatment and is suitable for electronic components such as a connector. A hard gold-based plating solution of the present invention comprises: a soluble gold salt or a gold complex; a conductive salt; and a chelating agent, wherein the hard gold-based plating solution further comprises an aromatic compound having one or more nitro groups, for example, an aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid and nitrobenzene sulfonic acid. The hard gold-based plating solution further comprises at least one metal salt of a cobalt salt, a nickel salt and a silver salt, or polyethyleneimine as an organic additive.

Abstract: Described is an electrodeposition solution for deposition of a Group IB-IIIA thin film on a conductive surface. In a preferred embodiment, the electrodeposition solution comprises a solvent; a Group IB material source that dissolves in the solvent and provides a Group IB material; a Group IIIA material source that dissolves in the solvent and provides a Group IIIA material; and a blend of at least two complexing agents, one of the at least two complexing agent forming a complex with the Group IB material and the other one of the at least two complexing agent forming a complex with the Group IIIA material; wherein the pH of the solution is at least 7.

Abstract: A method is provided for imparting corrosion resistance onto a surface of a substrate. The method comprises contacting the surface of the substrate with an electrolytic plating solution comprising (a) a source of deposition metal ions of a deposition metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, palladium, silver, nickel, copper, gold, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, chrome, and alloys thereof, (b) a pre-mixed dispersion of non-metallic nano-particles, wherein the non-metallic particles have a pre-mix coating of surfactant molecules thereon; and applying an external source of electrons to the electrolytic plating solution to thereby electrolytically deposit a metal-based composite coating comprising the deposition metal and non-metallic nano-particles onto the surface.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of electrodes for use in a fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly with a negative and a positive electrode is described, said process comprising the following steps: (i) providing an electrode substrate and (ii) coating said substrate electrolytically from a plating bath with a metal layer, said metal being selected from Ag, Au, Pd and its alloys.

Abstract: There is disclosed articles for and methods of confining volatile materials in the void volume defined by crystalline void materials. In one embodiment, the hydrogen isotopes are confined inside carbon nanotubes for storage and the production of energy. There is also disclosed a method of generating various reactions by confining the volatile materials inside the crystalline void structure and releasing the confined volatile material. In this embodiment, the released volatile material may be combined with a different material to initiate or sustain a chemical, thermal, nuclear, electrical, mechanical, or biological reaction.

Abstract: At first step S1, a passivation film is removed by performing pickling on a separator for fuel cell and then a new passivation film is formed b performing heating at 200-280° preferably. At second step S2, mechanical polishing is performed on the horizontal top surfaces in the waiving portion of the separator for fuel cell, and a chipped portion is provided by chipping off a part of the passivation film. At third step S3, the separator for fuel cell is plated to form a first plating film composed of gold, rhodium, platinum or an alloy of two or more kinds of them starting at the periphery of the chipped portion. A complex ion stabilizer for suppressing dissociation of complex ions is added to plating bath.

Abstract: A gold alloy plating solution and plating method thereof that provides a gold plating solution with high deposition selectivity by using a gold plating solution that contains gold cyanide, cobalt ions, hexamethylene tetramine, and specific glossing agents.

Abstract: A hard gold plating solution and plating method which provides a gold plating solution with high deposition selectivity using a gold plating solution containing gold cyanide, cobalt salt, and hexamethylenetetramine.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte used in connection with the deposition of a gold-tin alloy on an electroplatable substrate. This solution generally includes water; stannous and/or stannic tin ions, a complexing agent to render the stannous and/or stannic tin ions soluble, complexed gold ions, and an alloy stabilizing agent that includes ethoxylated compounds with phosphate ester functional group, brightening additives based on ethoxylated phosphate esters and alkali metal fatty acids dipropionates. The brighteners may be used alone or in conjunction with each other to achieve beneficial synergistic effect. The alloy stabilizing agent is present in an amount sufficient to stabilize the composition of the gold-tin deposit over a usable current density range. The solution has a pH of between 2 and 10 and the gold ions and tin ions are present in relative amounts sufficient to provide a deposit having a gold content less than 90% by weight and a tin content greater than 10% by weight.

Abstract: A gold plating solution comprising iodide ions, gold iodide complex ions and a non-aqueous solvent, which is less toxic and stable, while having a performance comparable to a cyanide type gold plating solution. The present invention further provides a gold plating solution comprising iodide ions, gold iodide complex ions, a non-aqueous solvent and a water-soluble polymer, which is less toxic and stable, while having a performance comparable to a cyanide type gold plating solution and which is capable of forming a gold plating film in which gold crystal particle sizes are very fine and grain boundaries are dense. The present invention further provides a gold plating method employing such a gold plating solution.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives substituted in the 3- or 4-position, which in the 2- or in the 5-position or at both positions each carry a C1- to C6-alkoxy radical (DHF-alkoxy derivatives 1), or 1,1,4,4-tetraalkoxy-but-2-ene derivatives substituted in the 3- or 4-position, from 2-butene-1 ,4-diol derivatives of the general formula (I) in which the radicals R1 and R2 independently of one another are hydrogen, C1- to C6-alkyl, C6- to C12-aryl or C5- to C12-cycloalkylene or R1 and R2, together with the double bond to which they are bonded, form a C6- to C12-aryl radical or a mono- or polyunsaturated C5- to C12-cycloalkyl radical, or from their mixture with 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives substituted in the 3- position or 4-position, which in the 2- or in the 5-position carry a C1- to C6-alkoxy radical, by electro-chemical oxidation in the presence of a C1- to C6-monoalkyl alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electroplating solution for providing a deposit of an alloy of gold and tin. This solution includes an aqueous solvent in which gold is present in the form of a solution soluble cyanide complex and tin is present in the form of a solution soluble organotin complex. 2,2?-dipyridyl is present as an additive that allows the codeposition of useful gold-tin alloy compositions at current densities lower than would be possible in its absence, given the concentrations of the individual metallic components in the solution. This additive is generally used at a concentration of 0.1 to 1 grams per liter for imparting significant enhancements in providing gold-tin alloy deposits.

Abstract: The invention relates to the regeneration of an electrolysis bath for the production of I-III-VI<SB>Y</SB> compounds in thin layers, where y is approaching 2 and VI is an element including selenium, whereby selenium is regenerated in the form Se(IV) and/or with addition of oxygenated water to reoxidise the selenium in the bath to give the form Se(IV).

Abstract: A method for forming a plating film, comprising the steps of: applying a plating film onto an object to be plated at a first current density for a predetermined period in a plating bath having a cathode capable of varying current and an anode and; and maintaining the object to be plated at a second current density lower than the first current density. According to the present invention, it is possible to improve solderability of a plating film for conventional lead-free solder by a simple method, which allows the productivity to further enhanced, resulting in a plating film with reduced production costs.

Abstract: A locally distributed electrode is made by placing a conducting metallic oxide layer and a counter electrode in contact with a noble metal electroplating solution and applying a negative potential to the metallic oxide layer relative to the counter electrode, such that the noble metal is electrodeposited from the solution preferentially at defect sites on a surface of the metallic oxide layer. The noble metal nuclei are selectively electrodeposited at the defect sites to form a locally distributed electrode made up of a dot matrix of metallic islands. For reversible electrochemical mirror (REM) devices, the presence of the noble metal renders mirror metal electrodeposition at the defect sites reversible so that the defects become part of the dot matrix electrode and extraneous deposition of the mirror metal on the conducting metallic oxide is avoided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electroplating solution for providing a deposit of an alloy of gold and tin. This solution includes an aqueous solvent in which gold is present in the form of a solution soluble cyanide complex and tin is present in the form of a solution soluble organotin complex. 2,2′-dipyridyl is present as an additive that allows the codeposition of useful gold-tin alloy compositions at current densities lower than would be possible in its absence, given the concentrations of the individual metallic components in the solution. This additive is generally used at a concentration of 0.1 to 1 grams per liter for imparting significant enhancements in providing gold-tin alloy deposits.

Abstract: The invention provides an acid bath for the electrodeposition of glossy gold and gold alloy layers and a gloss additive for same. By using compounds of the formula I R—SOm—H  (I) in which m is the number 3 or 4 and R represents a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl group with up to 20 carbon atoms and, in the event that m=4, also an aryl or heteroaryl group with up to 10 carbon atoms, which may be optionally substituted once or several times with straight-chain or branched alkyl groups with 1 to 14 carbon atoms, as a further gloss additive, the current density/working range is extended with a small negative effect when the pH is changed and the current efficiency and deposition performance is increased.

Abstract: A relatively simple and inexpensive process for plating precious alloyed metals, such as AuSn, AuSnIn, AgSn, AuIn and AgIn. Anodes are formed from each of the metal components in the alloy and disposed in a conducting solution. The mass of each metal components is determined by Faraday's law. The target is also disposed in the conducting solution. Plating current is independently applied to each anode. The plating is conducted under an ultraviolet light sources to optimize the process. The plating alloys can be used for various purposes including attaching a semiconductor die to a substrate. Since the process does not involve exposure of the semiconductor die to a relatively high temperature for a relatively long time, the process does not pose a risk of contamination of the semiconductor by the adhesive or wax used to hold the die in place on the carrier during processing.

Abstract: An aqueous electrolytic solution for electrochemical deposition of gold or its alloys includes at least a soluble gold compound designed for electrolytic deposition and, optionally at least a secondary metal compound designed for co-deposition in the form of a gold alloy. The solution includes 0.3 to 3 moles per mole of gold contained in the electrolytic solution of an organic compound having one or two aldehyde functions, this organic compound being or an organic compound having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and one or two aldehyde functions in the form of a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic group, or a group containing at least a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cycle. The organic compound may further include at least a heteroelement selected among oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus or be in the form of a salt, in particular a sulphonate. The presence of the organic compound enables increasing the speed of electrodeposition and/or decreasing contact resistance.

Abstract: A metal plating bath and method of plating a metal on a substrate where the metal plating bath contains heteroatom organic compounds that prevent or inhibit the consumption of metal plating bath additives. The metal plating bath additives improve the brightness of plated metal as well as the ductility, micro-throwing power and macro-throwing power of the plating bath. The addition of the additive consumption inhibiting heteroatom organic compounds improves the physical properties of the plated metal as well as the efficiency of the plating process. The heteroatom organic compounds may contain sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen heteroatoms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for depositing a noble metal alloy onto a microelectronic workpiece. In one particular aspect of the invention, a platinum metal alloy is electrochemically deposited on a surface of the workpiece from an acidic plating composition. The plated compositions when combined with high-k dielectric material are useful in capacitor structures.

Abstract: A bath system for galvanic deposition of metals includes a solution containing at least one metal, especially a precious metal and/or precious metal alloy in the form of a water-soluble salt, at least one water-soluble protein material or amino acid and/or at least one water-soluble sulfonic acid, at least one water-soluble nitro-containing substance, at least one water-soluble surface-active agent and at least one vitamin. The bath system galvanostatically applies high quality layers with uniform quality. The bath system can be kept free of harmful substances such as cyanides, sulfites and hard complexing agents.

Abstract: Object The present invention relates to a to-be-mounted electronic component to which functional alloy plating using a bonding material for mounting is applied with a substitute bonding material for solder (tin-lead alloy), and aims at providing alloy plating which has been put to a practical use in such a way that the function of existing alloy plating of this type has been significantly improved to eliminate toxic plating from various kinds of electronic components for use in electronic devices so that it is useful in protecting the environment.

Abstract: An electrodeposition process for producing a layered composite material and the layered composite material produced by the process. The layered composite material includes at least one layer of a first alloy species of an alloy and at least one layer of a second alloy species of the alloy. The first alloy species and the second alloy species have distinguishable properties. The process includes the steps of first energizing an electroplating circuit to provide a first electroplating current to deposit a layer of the first alloy species and second energizing the electroplating circuit to provide a second electroplating current to deposit a layer of the second alloy species. The alloy is preferably a gold-tin alloy, the first alloy species is preferably the Au5Sn alloy phase and the second alloy species is preferably the AuSn alloy phase.

Abstract: There is provided an electrodeposit free of cobalt, cadmium and nickel which contains 1.25 to 1.55% w/w iron, 1 to 2 ppm zirconium; and 97.7 to 98.2% gold and has a pale yellow color less than 3N on the NIHS scale. The invention also provides an electroplating bath, free of cobalt, cadmium and nickel comprising gold, as cyanide, iron as a soluble salt or complex, a soluble zirconium salt or complex, a citrate, a weak acid, and optionally a heterocyclic sulphonate, which in a preferred form comprises gold as cyanide in an amount of 2.5 to 3.5 g/l gold, iron as iron nitrate in an amount of 0.6 to 0.8 g/l, zirconium as zirconium nitrate in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5 g/l, diammonium hydrogen citrate in an amount of 75 to 125 g/l, citric acid in an amount of 40 to 80 g/l, and 3-(1-pyridino)-1-propane sulphonate in an amount of 1 to 3 g/l.

Abstract: A metal plating bath and method for plating a metal on a substrate. The metal plating bath contains hydroxylamines that inhibit the consumption of additive bath components to improve the efficiency of metal plating processes. The additive bath components are added to metal plating baths to improve brightness of plated metal as well as the micro-throwing and macro-throwing power of the bath. In addition to brighteners, the additive bath components may include levelers, suppressors, hardeners, and the like. The hydroxylamines that inhibit additive consumption may be employed in metal plating baths for plating copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, bismuth, indium, tin, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and alloys thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-cyanide-type gold-tin alloy plating bath comprising: (i) at least one water-soluble gold compound, (ii) at least one completing agent for gold, (iii) at least one water-soluble tin compound, and (iv) at least one component selected from the group consisting of cationic macromolecular surfactants and cationic macromolecular compounds. By using the non-cyanide-type gold-tin alloy plating bath of the present invention, a gold-tin alloy plating film having good brightness, reflow properties and the like can be formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel complex salt of palladium sulfate and ethylenediamine which contains 31 to 41% by weight of palladium and in which the molar ratio [SO4]:[Pd] is between 0.9 and 1.15 and the ratio [ethylenediamine]:[Pd] is between 0.8 and 1.2.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium gold sulfite in solution is described. The sodium gold sulfite solution is useful in gold electroplating baths, and can be used in applications which require pure, soft gold deposits.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-cyanide-type gold-tin alloy plating bath comprising : (i) at least one water-soluble gold compound, (ii) at least one completing agent for gold, (iii) at least one water-soluble tin compound, and (iv) at least one component selected from the group consisting of cationic macromolecular surfactants and cationic macromolecular compounds. By using the non- cyanide-type gold-tin alloy plating bath of the present invention, a gold-tin alloy plating film having good brightness, reflow properties and the like can be formed.

Abstract: A process for the electrolytic deposition of a metal, preferably copper or an alloy of copper, directly onto a barrier layer coated on a dielectric layer. The process is advantageous because it electrolytically deposits metal in a pattern that is either the duplicate of a first conductive pattern under the dielectric or the inverse image of the first conductive pattern, depending on the first conductive pattern shape. Thus, metal is deposited on the barrier layer duplicating a first conductive pattern under the dielectric layer when the first pattern is a serpentine pattern and the metal deposits in the spaces between the conductive lines of a first conductive pattern of a discrete passive element such as a spiral.

Abstract: MEMS structures are provided that compensate for ambient temperature changes, process variations, and the like, and can be employed in many applications. These structures include an active microactuator adapted for thermal actuation to move in response to the active alteration of its temperature. The active microactuator may be further adapted to move in response to ambient temperature changes. These structures also include a temperature compensation element, such as a temperature compensation microactuator or frame, adapted to move in response to ambient temperature changes. The active microactuator and the temperature compensation element move cooperatively in response to ambient temperature changes. Thus, a predefined spatial relationship is maintained between the active microactuator and the associated temperature compensation microactuator over a broad range of ambient temperatures absent active alteration of the temperature of the active microactuator.