Abstract: Provided is a metal coated steel sheet having a coating layer including a metal having a level of Gibbs free energy equal to that of Fe or above and an oxide thereof. Accordingly, the quality of a plated steel sheet may be improved by preventing the generation of bare spots through inhibition of the formation of Mn oxide, Si oxide, or Al oxide on the surface thereof, and simultaneously, the complexity of a manufacturing facility or an increase in manufacturing costs may be minimized. Economic benefits are thus realized.

Abstract: Provided is an anode for electroplating which uses an aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution, and the anode which is low in potential when compared with a conventional anode, able to decrease an electrolytic voltage and an electric energy consumption rate and may also be used as an anode for electroplating various types of metals, and which is low in cost. Also provided is a method for electroplating which uses an aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution, in which the anode is low in potential and electrolytic voltage, thereby making it possible to decrease the electric energy consumption rate. The anode for electroplating of the present invention is an anode for electroplating which uses an aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution, in which a catalytic layer containing amorphous ruthenium oxide and amorphous tantalum oxide is formed on a conductive substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anode system for conventional electrolysis cells, a process for the production thereof and its use for the deposition of electrolytic coatings. The anode system is characterized in that the anode (2) is in direct contact with a membrane (3) which completely separates the anode space from the cathode space. This anode system is therefore a direct-contact membrane anode.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method of producing metal foam is provided which involves optimizing the natural convection of electrolyte through a foam being electroplated by inclining the foam during plating. A diagonal flow of electrolyte though the foam enhances electrolyte turnover within the foam while increasing electroplating efficiency. Further increases in plating efficiency are provided by shifting current density from higher plating zones to lower plating zones.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method of producing metal foam is provided which involves optimizing the natural convection of electrolyte through a foam being electroplated by inclining the foam during plating. A diagonal flow of electrolyte though the foam enhances electrolyte turnover within the foam while increasing electroplating efficiency. Further increases in plating efficiency are provided by shifting current density from higher plating zones to lower plating zones.

Abstract: A process for electroplating of metal utilizing a valve metal electrode substrate containing multiple coating layers is disclosed. A top coating layer of a valve metal oxide is applied over a first coating layer of an electrochemically active coating. The electrode may find use in an electroplating system containing organic substituents in which the consumption of the organic substituent is significantly decreased or in systems where it is desirable to suppress the oxidation of a species in an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: An anode is configured to be used within a metal film plating apparatus. The anode has a substantially planar electric field generating portion and an electrolyte solution chemical reaction portion. The planar electric field generating portion is coated with an inert material that is impervious to the electrolyte solution. In one embodiment, the anode is formed as a perforated anode. In one aspect, the electric field generating portion is formed contiguous with the electrolyte solution chemical reaction portion. In another aspects, the planar electric field generating portion is formed as a distinct member from the electrolyte solution chemical reaction portion.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for conditioning the copper or copper-alloy external surface of an element of a mold for the continuous casting of metals, of the type including a step of nickel plating of said surface and a step of nickel removal therefrom, wherein:a preparation of said surface, comprising in succession an operation of cleaning said bare surface, an operation of pickling said bare surface in an oxidizing acid medium and an operation of brightening said bare surface, is carried out;then, an operation of nickel plating of said bare surface is carried out by electroplating, by placing said element as the cathode in an electrolyte consisting of an aqueous nickel sulfamate solution containing from 60 to 100 g/l of nickel;then, after said element has been used, an operation of partially or completely removing the nickel from said surface electrolytically is carried out, by placing said element as the anode in an electrolyte consisting of an aqueous nickel sulfamate solution containing fro

Abstract: Methods for electrodepositing a metal-carbon coating on a substrate comprng immersing the substrate in an aqueous electrolyte, and passing a sufficient current through the electrolyte to effect electrolyte deposition of a metal-carbon alloy on the substrate. The aqueous electrolyte comprises from about 0.2 to about 0.6 mol/l of metal ions selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, nickel-tungsten mixture and cobalt-tungsten mixture, greater than about 1.4 mol/l of an amidosulfonic acid or a salt thereof, ammonium ions, formic acid or a salt thereof, and water.

Abstract: A process for producing nanocrystalline materials, and in particular nanocrystalline nickel having an average grain size of less than about 11 nanometers is described. The nanocrystalline material is electrodeposited onto the cathode in an aqueous acidic electrolytic cell by application of a pulsed D.C. current. The cell electrolyte also contains a stress reliever, such as saccharin, which helps to control the grain size. The novel product of the invention find utility as wear resistant coatings, hydrogen storage materials, magnetic materials and as catalysts for hydrogen evolution.