Abstract: A floating metallized element assembly and method of manufacturing thereof are disclosed. The floating metallized element assembly includes a work piece of a plateable resin and a non-plateable resin including a front side and a back side. The work piece includes at least one plated decorative region on the plateable resin at the front side. The work piece also includes at least one network of the plateable resin at the back side. The work piece additionally includes a plurality of discrete current paths of the plateable resin extending from the at least one network to the at least one plated decorative region. The work piece also includes at least one non-plated decorative region of the non-plateable resin adjacent the at least one decorative region. Metal surfaces are adhered to and disposed on the at least one plated decorative region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the adjustment of the lightness L* of electrolytically deposited chromium-finishes on workpieces obtained by an electroplating bath comprising at least chromium(III)-ions and sulfur containing organic compounds, wherein the concentration of the sulfur containing organic compounds in the bath are adjusted by passing at least part of the bath composition through an activated carbon filter. Furthermore, the invention is directed to dark chrome coatings comprising a defined concentration gradient of deposited sulfur containing organic compounds.

Abstract: Provided is an anode for electroplating which uses an aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution, and the anode which is low in potential when compared with a conventional anode, able to decrease an electrolytic voltage and an electric energy consumption rate and may also be used as an anode for electroplating various types of metals, and which is low in cost. Also provided is a method for electroplating which uses an aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution, in which the anode is low in potential and electrolytic voltage, thereby making it possible to decrease the electric energy consumption rate. The anode for electroplating of the present invention is an anode for electroplating which uses an aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution, in which a catalytic layer containing amorphous ruthenium oxide and amorphous tantalum oxide is formed on a conductive substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anode system for conventional electrolysis cells, a process for the production thereof and its use for the deposition of electrolytic coatings. The anode system is characterized in that the anode (2) is in direct contact with a membrane (3) which completely separates the anode space from the cathode space. This anode system is therefore a direct-contact membrane anode.

Abstract: A chromium plating method wherein an article to be plated is immersed in an acidic chromium electroplating bath and electrolysis is carried out using a positive electrode that has an iridium oxide-containing film at least on the surface. The acidic chromium electroplating bath contains a trivalent chromium compound and a hexavalent chromium compound at a ratio such that the total chromium concentration of trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium is 60-140 g/L, the hexavalent chromium concentration is 5-40 g/L, and the ratio of the hexavalent chromium concentration is 5-35% by mass of the total chromium concentration, while containing 50-400 g/L of organic carboxylate ions and having a lead ion concentration of not more than 2 mg/L. By the method, a chromium plating film that is good and stable over a long time period can be obtained. In addition, the plating bath can be controlled extremely easily in the chromium plating method.

Abstract: Chromium hydroxide of the invention has an average particle size D determined from a scanning electron micrograph of 40 to 200 nm and a degree of agglomeration of 10 and more and less than 70, the degree of agglomeration being defined to be a ratio of a volume average particle size D50 determined with a particle size analyzer to the average particle size D, D50/D. The chromium hydroxide is suitably obtained by adding an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium to an aqueous solution of an inorganic alkali at a reaction temperature of 0° C. or higher and lower than 50° C. The inorganic alkali is preferably an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A plating process for plating chromium metal onto substrates is disclosed. The process uses a trivalent chromium plating bath with a sulfate and/or sulfonate matrix. The process also utilizes insoluble anodes. An addition of manganese ions to the plating bath inhibits the formation of detrimental hexavalent chromium ions upon use of the plating bath.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for deposition of chromium layers as hard-chrome plating for protection against wear or corrosion and/or for decorative purposes and also an electroplating bath with which chromium layers of this type can be deposited. The invention also relates to hard-chrome surfaces produced accordingly.

Abstract: A process for electroplating of metal utilizing a valve metal electrode substrate containing multiple coating layers is disclosed. A top coating layer of a valve metal oxide is applied over a first coating layer of an electrochemically active coating. The electrode may find use in an electroplating system containing organic substituents in which the consumption of the organic substituent is significantly decreased or in systems where it is desirable to suppress the oxidation of a species in an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: An anode is configured to be used within a metal film plating apparatus. The anode has a substantially planar electric field generating portion and an electrolyte solution chemical reaction portion. The planar electric field generating portion is coated with an inert material that is impervious to the electrolyte solution. In one embodiment, the anode is formed as a perforated anode. In one aspect, the electric field generating portion is formed contiguous with the electrolyte solution chemical reaction portion. In another aspects, the planar electric field generating portion is formed as a distinct member from the electrolyte solution chemical reaction portion.

Abstract: An electrically regeneratable battery of electrochemical cells for capacitive deionization (including electrochemical purification) and regeneration of electrodes is operated at alternate polarities during consecutive cycles. In other words, after each regeneration step operated at a given polarity in a deionization-regeneration cycle, the polarity of the deionization step in the next cycle is maintained. In one embodiment, two end electrodes are arranged one at each end of the battery, adjacent to end plates. An insulator layer is interposed between each end plate and the adjacent end electrode. Each end electrode includes a single sheet of conductive material having a high specific surface area and sorption capacity, preferably a sheet formed of carbon aerogel composite. The battery further includes a plurality of generally identical double-sided intermediate electrodes that are equidistally separated from each other, between the two end electrodes.

Abstract: An electrode adapted for chromium plating from trivalent chromium baths which comprises a conductive base, an electrode material layer comprising iridium oxide formed thereon, and a porous layer formed on the surface of the electrode material layer. The porous can comprise an oxide containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, and tungsten. Use of this electrode for chromium plating reduces the oxidation of trivalent chromium into hexavalent chromium.

Abstract: C1-C12 Alkanesulfonic or Alkanedisulfonic compounds and Aminoalkanesulfonic acids or salts thereof, are used as additives in chromium plating baths to reduce anodic corrosion, improve the covering and penetrating power of the bath, reduce the surface-tension and give a bright deposit.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the continuous chromium-plating of elongated members such as bars and the like: the bar to be plated is fed and rotated through at least one tubular shaped chromium-plating anode into which an electrolytic solution suitable for depositing a layer of chromium on the bar, as the latter advances through the said anode, is supplied. The electrolytic solution is supplied into the anode from the bottom upwards, through sets of holes over the bottom and the upper surfaces of the anode; the bottom holes communicate with a pressure balancing and flow distribution chamber for the electrolytic solution. This results in an electrolytic flow upwardly directed in a perpendicular direction to the longitudinal axis of the bar, the temperature of which may be controlled by changing the flow rate of the electrolytic solution circulating inside the anode.

Abstract: The copper is selectively precipitated in the form of a sulfide from the solutions containing it, according to the reaction:Cu.sup.2+ +S.sup.2- .fwdarw.CuSThe precipitated solid, constituted by copper sulfide, is filtered, washed and then leached with a solution of ferric fluoborate and fluoboric acid, which dissolves the copper as a fluoborate while forming elemental sulfur, according to the reaction:CuS+2Fe(BF.sub.4).sub.3 .fwdarw.Cu(BF.sub.4).sub.2+2Fe(BF.sub.4).sub.2 +S.sup.oAfter filtering off the sulfur, the copper fluoborate solution is subjected to an electrolysis in a diaphragm cell, obtaining a deposit of pure copper at the cathode and a regenerated solution of ferric fluoborate at the anode, which is utilized to leach further copper sulfide.

Abstract: The invention discloses a new electrode suitable for use as an anode for oxygen evolution from electrolytes containing fluorides or fluoride-complex anions even in high concentrations.The anode of the invention comprises a titanium substrate provided with a protective interlayer resistant to the aggressive action of fluorides, and an electrocatalytic coating for oxygen evolution.The protective interlayer is made of tungsten, oxides or oxyfluorides, optionally containing metals of the platinum group in minor quantities, metallo-ceramic compounds and intermetallic compounds either per se or as mixed oxides.

Abstract: The invention provides a material coated with an organic film which exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and lacquer adhesion. The invention includes an electroconductive substrate coated with an electrolytically polymerized coating film containing chromium. Particularly, a zinc-type plated steel sheet coated with an electrolytically polymerized coating film containing chromium in accordance with the invention is well suited for application in vehicle bodies. The invention further provides a method of making a material coated with an organic film which involves forming organic coating material containing chromium on an electroconductive substrate acting as an electrode by electrolytically polymerizing an organic monomer in an electrolyte solution containing chromium. The method provides a monolithic composite structure comprising chromium compounds and an organic coating film, and avoid the problems associated with passivation after chromium plating of steel.

Abstract: A color filter having an improved uniformity of color layer thickness is industrially advantageously, manufactured by an electrodeposition method using as a counter electrode a wire netting-form electrode.

Abstract: A chromium plating method using a plating bath comprising trivalent chromium and an electrode which is an anode comprising an electrode substrate of titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium or an alloy thereof, coated with an electrode catalyst comprising at least iridium oxide and, optionally, at least one of titanium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, tin, antimony, ruthenium, platinum, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten or an oxide thereof. The anode may be placed directly in the chromium plating bath or may be placed in an anode chamber partitioned from the chromium plating bath with an ion-exchange membrane. The chromium plating method may be a barrel plating method.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for electroplating chromium, using lead anodes, while achieving the advantages of using methanesulfonic acid without suffering the excessive anode-corrosion characteristics associated with that acid. Accordingly, chromium is electrodeposited from a bath containing chromic acid, sulfate ion and an alkylpolysulfonic acid containing from one to about three carbon atoms. The preferred alkylpolysulfonic acid is methanedisulfonic acid.

Abstract: There are described an anode, a process for producing the same, an apparatus for electrolytic chromium plating, and a method for electrolytic chromium plating, using such anode, wherein the anode comprises an electrically conductive substrate comprising a valve metal or an alloy thereof, a first intermediate layer formed on the sustrate and comprising an oxide of tin, a second intermediate layer formed on the first intermediate layer and comprising either (1) platinum metal and an oxide of tin, or (2) platinum metal, an oxide of tin, and iridium oxide, and a surface layer formed on the second intermediate layer and comprising either (1) platinum metal and an oxide of tin, or (2) platinum metal, an oxide of tin, and iridium oxide, the composition of said surface layer being different form that of said second intermediate layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for electroplating chromium using lead anodes while achieving the advantages of using methanesolfonic acid without suffering the excessive anode-corrosion characteristics associated with that acid. Accordingly, chromium is electrodeposited from a bath containing chromic acid, sulfate and an alkylpolysulfonic acid containing from one to about three carbon atoms. The invention also provides a plating process for chromium electrodeposition, a plating bath for use in the inventive process, and a replenishment composition for existing plating baths.