Abstract: A zinc electroplating bath includes zinc ions and a brightening agent. The brightening agent is a polyamine or a mixture of polyamines that include a quaternary ammonium group.

Abstract: An electrolytic composition for the deposition of a matt metal layer onto a substrate and deposition process where the composition comprises a source of metal from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Re, Pt, Au, Bi, and combinations thereof; a substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylene oxide or its derivative as an emulsion and/or dispersion former; and a compound comprising fluorated or perfluorated hydrophobic chains or which is a polyalkylene oxide substituted quaternary ammonium compound as wetting agent; wherein the electrolytic composition forms a microemulsion and/or dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of phosphinic acids and/or phosphonic acids and salts thereof, preferably as surface-active compounds, in redox processes, in particular in electroplating technology, particularly preferably in electroplating baths, and to electroplating baths comprising these compounds.

Abstract: Provided is a zinc plating bath additive enabling the rapid formation of a zinc coating having small variations in the thickness depending on the position on the surface of an object to be plated. The zinc plating bath additive contains a water soluble copolymer having, as the structural units, two amine compounds.

Abstract: To provide a zincate zinc plating bath capable of efficiently forming a zinc plating film with high brightness and high qualities even at a low current density. The zincate zinc plating bath is used in electroplating for depositing a metal containing at least zinc and forming a zinc plating film. It contains a primary brightener having a function of reducing the size crystals of the metal to be deposited and a plating accelerator containing a heterocyclic compound having a predetermined structure such as 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell for generating electrical power that includes an anode, a cathode, a charging electrode and an ionically conductive medium containing at least metal fuel ions and poly(ethylene glycol)tetrahydrofurfuryl. The present invention also relates to a method for charging the cell by electrodeposition of metal fuel on the anode thereof.

Abstract: A zinc electroplating bath includes zinc ions and a brightening agent. The brightening agent is a polyamine or a mixture of polyamines that include a quaternary ammonium group.

Abstract: Articles having metallic finishes including antimicrobial agents dispersed throughout the finish and methods of electroplating said metallic finishes on a material. The metallic finishes include highly-decorative electroplated finishes for bathroom and kitchen hardware, door hardware, and other highly lustrous products where antimicrobial protection is preferred.

Abstract: A spectrometer (10) for sample surface analysis by irradiation of the surface by primary particles and a corresponding method of surface analysis spectroscopy. The spectrometer (10) provides sample viewing and secondary charged particle collection substantially normal to the sample surface. A collection chamber (22) comprises a secondary charged particle lens arrangement (20) to focus the emitted particles in a downstream direction along a first normal axis (24) and thereby to define a charged particle optical crossover location (25); and a light-reflecting optical element (50) downstream of the lens arrangement and arranged to receive image light (41) and reflect it away from a second normal axis (42) for providing a viewable image of the surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of a composite carbon nanotube structure comprising a number of carbon nanotubes disposed in a matrix comprised of a metal or a metal oxide. The composite carbon nanotube structures may be used as a thermal interface device in a packaged integrated circuit device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein arc novel liposome compositions generally including a foreign inclusion (e.g., diamond) component, and a liposome (e.g., i paucilamellar liposome) component. Also disclosed are methods of using these composition for plating and plate obtained thereby. Novel liposome compositions including components such as diamonds, are also disclosed, which can be used in a variety of applications, such as in abrasive, cosmetic or medical applications.

Abstract: An additive for an alkaline zinc or zinc alloy electroplating bath medium, the additive comprising a random co-polymer comprising the reaction product of: (i) one or more di-tertiary amines including an amide or thioamide functional group, and (ii) optionally, one or more saturated second di-tertiary amines and/or one or more second di-tertiary amines including an unsaturated moiety, with (iii) one or more saturated or unsaturated linking agents capable of reacting with said di-tertiary amines (i) and (ii), provided that, where all the linking agents are saturated, an unsaturated di-tertiary amine must he present. Preferably, the polymer has the general formula n(2x+2y+zEp)j-.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline non-cyanide zinc electroplating bath containing zinc ions for producing bright electrodeposits of zinc and a brightening agent comprising a polymeric quaternary amine and a reducing sugar, and a compound that forms a reducing sugar upon hydrolysis.

Abstract: Matt surfaces are obtained when a metal is coated electrolytically with zinc from an electrolyte solution which contains zinc sulfate or an alkanesulfonate of zinc or mixtures thereof, and optionally further metal salts, sulfuric acid or an alkanesulfonic acid or a mixture thereof, and at least one additive selected from nitrogen-containing surface-active compounds, which may be ionic or nonionic, sulfur-containing anionic surface-active compounds, and surface-active compounds based on multifunctional alcohols having at least three hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline non-cyanide zinc electroplating bath containing zinc ions for producing bright electrodeposits of zinc and a brightening agent comprising a polymeric quaternary amine and a reducing sugar, and a compound that forms a reducing sugar upon hydrolysis.

Abstract: A polymer additive for alkaline zinc and zinc alloy electrodepositing media and processes comprises the reaction product of one or both of (i) a first di-tertiary amine of the formula:  where R′ represents  and q is 2 to 6, R represents CH3 or C2H5 and each R may be the same or different and m is 2 to 4, and a second di-tertiary amine of the formula:  where B is CgH2g+1 and g=0 or an integer the respective B groups being the same or different, and f=0 o an integer, and R″ represents CH3 or C2H5 and each R″ may be the same or different, with (ii) a di-halo alkane of the formula: A—(CH2)n—A where A represents a halogen atom and n is at least 2. The resulting polymer preferably has the general structure: Where: 0≦x≦1 0≦y≦1 and: either (x or y) or (x and y)=1 z is at least 2 and when y=0, n is at least 3.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy sulfate electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range, improved appearance and in the case of tin improved oxidative stability. The metals and alloys include but are not limited to tin, nickel, copper, chromium, cadmium, iron, rhodium, ruthenium, iron/zinc and tin/zinc.

Abstract: A metal plating bath and method of plating a metal on a substrate where the metal plating bath contains heteroatom compounds that prevent or inhibit the consumption of metal plating bath additives. The metal plating bath additives improve the brightness of plated metal as well as the ductility, micro-throwing power and macro-throwing power of the plating bath. The addition of the additive consumption inhibiting heteroatom organic compounds improves the physical properties of the plated metal as well as the efficiency of the plating process. The heteroatom organic compounds may contain sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen heteroatoms.

Abstract: A metal plating bath and method for plating a metal on a substrate. The metal plating bath contains hydroxylamines that inhibit the consumption of additive bath components to improve the efficiency of metal plating processes. The additive bath components are added to metal plating baths to improve brightness of plated metal as well as the micro-throwing and macro-throwing power of the bath. In addition to brighteners, the additive bath components may include levelers, suppressors, hardeners, and the like. The hydroxylamines that inhibit additive consumption may be employed in metal plating baths for plating copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, bismuth, indium, tin, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and alloys thereof.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy sulfate electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range, improved appearance and in the case of tin improved oxidative stability. The metals and alloys include but are not limited to tin, nickel, copper, chromium, cadmium, iron, rhodium, ruthenium, iron/zinc and tin/zinc.

Abstract: The use of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of alkyl and alkanol sulfonic acids as additives in pure metal and metal alloy halide electroplating baths has a number of unexpected benefits including wider useful current density range and improved appearance. The metals and metal alloys include but are not limited to tin, lead, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, tin/zinc, zinc/nickel and tin/nickel.

Abstract: An aqueous solution for the reductive deposition of metals comprising, besides water, (A) a phosphine of the general formula (1)  in which R1, R2, and R3 denote lower alkyl groups, at least one of which being hydroxy-or amino-substituted lower alkyl group, and (B) a soluble compound of a metal or a compound of a metal solubilized through the formation of a soluble complex by said phosphine.

Abstract: An aqueous acid plating bath for the electro-deposition of a zinc or zinc alloy deposit on a substrate which includes zinc ions and an additive of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the following functional groups hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid or its salt; R.sub.3 is selected from the following groups hydrogen, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid or its salts; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are electron withdrawing groups, such as but not totally inclusive, halides, sulfonic acid or its salts, triflouromethyl, cyano, and amino groups.

Abstract: A high current density electrogalvanizing process and composition are disclosed for reducing high current density dendrite formation and edge burn and controlling high current density roughness, grain size and orientation of a zinc coating obtained from a zinc sulfate aqueous acidic electrogalvanic coating bath. The composition comprises a high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycol grain refining agent in combination with a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde which is used as an antidendritic agent.

Abstract: An electrogalvanizing process and composition are disclosed for reducing high current density dendrite (HCD) formation and edge burn and controlling high current density roughness, grain size and orientation of a zinc coating obtained from a zinc halide aqueous acidic electrogalvanic coating bath. A low molecular weight polyoxyalkylene glycol homopolymer or copolymer based on 3 to about 4 carbon atom alkylene oxides as a grain refining agent in combination with a sulfonated condensation product of naphthalene and formaldehyde which is used as an antidendritic agent.

Abstract: A zinc or zinc alloy electroplated metal sheet comprises a metal sheet having, on at least one surface thereof, a composite zinc or zinc alloy plated coating formed by electroplating with zinc or a zinc alloy in a plating solution which contains at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of alkynes, alkynols, amines and salts thereof, thio compounds, heterocyclic compounds, and aromatic carboxylic acids and salts thereof. The composite plated coating has a coating weight of 0.5-200 g/m.sup.2 and contains 0.001-10 wt % of co-deposited carbon. The electroplated metal sheet has improved post-painting corrosion resistance, press formability, and spot weldability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel composition of matter, and a process for its use as an electroplating additive for enhancing the performance of a plating bath. Polyalkylene glycol bis-phenyl-A-Sulfopropyl diether compounds and their salts are proposed and their usefulness as plating bath additives is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing organic metal finishing additives in aqueous metal treating baths by dissolving the organic metal finishing additive with a cyclodextrin and a common solvent therefor, so that an inclusion compound of the organic metal finishing additive in the cyclodextrin is formed, and then dissolving the inclusion compound in an aqueous metal treating bath. Aqueous metal treating baths having dissolved therein inclusion compounds of organic metal finishing additives in cyclodextrins are also described.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrogalvanized steel sheet excellent in spot weldability, which comprises the steps of: adding, into an acidic electrogalvanizing solution containing an oxidizer, a complexing agent, which is capable of forming a stable complex with zinc, in an amount within a range of from 0.001 to 10 moles per liter of the electrogalvanizing solution, or a pH buffer, which has a pH buffering effect in a solution having a pH value within a range of from 5 to 12, in an amount within a range of from 1 to 50 g per liter of the electrogalvanizing solution; and electrogalvanizing a steel sheet in the resultant acidic electrogalvanizing solution containing the complexing agent or the pH buffer in addition to the oxidizer, to form a galvanizing layer comprising zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide on the surface of the steel sheet.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a one-sided electroplated steel sheet by electroplating of a steel sheet in an acidic bath, an adsorption film-forming organic inhibitor is added to either (a) the electroplating solution or (b) a pickling solution used prior to electroplating and/or rinse water used for rinsing the pickled sheet in a concentration of at least 1 ppm, or it is added to (c) both the plating solution and the pickling solution and/or rinse water in a concentration of at least 0.1 ppm. The steel sheet is then passed through the inhibitor-containing solution, thereby providing a one-sided electroplated steel sheet having improved appearance and adaptability to phosphating on the unplated side.

Abstract: An analytical electron microscope directs an electron beam onto a specimen. The beam is switched back and forth between two states in one of which the beam is finely focused to a size on the order of nanometers. In the other the beam is defocused to a size on the order of microns. A magnified image of a relatively broad region on the specimen irradiated with the defocused beam and a bright spot image are alternately displayed on a fluorescent screen. The bright spot image is obtained from a region on the specimen irradiated with the focused beam. The two images are displayed alternately at intervals shorter than the persistence time of the fluorescent screen to permit one to observe both images simultaneously. The operator moves the position at which the beam irradiates the specimen to bring the bright spot image into a desired region to be analyzed while observing the two images. Thus, the focused beam irradiates the specimen at the desired region.