Abstract: Method and appartus suitable for forming promptly a phosphate film of excellent performance for cold drawing on the steel wires are disclosed. The steel wires are descaled by cathodic electrolysis in acid solution, and thereafter, phosphate film are formed by cathodic electrolysis on the steel wires. Contacting with the solution containing colloidal titanium are preferable to be carried out between cathodic descaling process and phosphate film forming process. Descaling of cathodic electrolysis may preferably be performed in acid solution at a temperature of lower than 90° C. and in 1˜100 A/dm2. Phosphate film forming may preferably be performed by using electrolyte containing Zn ion, phosphoric acid ion and nitric acid ion, at a temperature of lower than 90° C., in 1˜100 A/dm2 and for 1˜30 seconds.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a mineral containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a mineral containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: A thin sulfurizing layer having high iron-sulfide content is formed by an electrolytic deposition method using an alkaline electrolytic solution which contains ferric ions, sulfide and a chelating agent of the ferric ions.

Abstract: A method for forming an indium oxide film on an electrically conductive substrate by immersing the substrate and a counter electrode in an aqueous solution containing at least nitrate and indium ions and flowing an electric current between the substrate and the couter electrode, thereby causing indium oxide film formation on the substrate, is provided. A substrate for a semiconductor element and a photovoltaic element produced using the film forming method are also provided. An aqueous solution for the formation of an indium oxide film by an electroless deposition process, containing at least nitrate and indium ions and tartrate, is also disclosed. A film-forming method for the formation of an indium oxide film on a substrate by an electroless deposition process, using the aqueous solution, and a substrate for a semiconductor element and a photovoltaic element produced using the film-forming method are further provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a material coated with an organic film which exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and lacquer adhesion. The invention includes an electroconductive substrate coated with an electrolytically polymerized coating film containing chromium. Particularly, a zinc-type plated steel sheet coated with an electrolytically polymerized coating film containing chromium in accordance with the invention is well suited for application in vehicle bodies. The invention further provides a method of making a material coated with an organic film which involves forming organic coating material containing chromium on an electroconductive substrate acting as an electrode by electrolytically polymerizing an organic monomer in an electrolyte solution containing chromium. The method provides a monolithic composite structure comprising chromium compounds and an organic coating film, and avoid the problems associated with passivation after chromium plating of steel.

Abstract: Disclosed are kaolin compositions of at least one hydrous kaolin characterized by a particle size distribution where 98% of the particles are less than about 2.mu., 90% are less than about 0.5.mu. and the median particle size is less than about 0.3.mu.. Also disclosed is a process which involves the steps (i) preparing an aqueous slurry of at least one hydrous kaolin; (ii) separating the particles from said slurry so that the particle size distribution is such that 98% of the particles are less than about 2.mu., 90% are less than about 0.5.mu. and a median particle size is less than about 0.3.mu.; and (iii) drying said separated particles. Pigment pastes and electrodeposition paints containing said compositions as well as cationic electrodeposition of said paint on a substrate and the article of manufacture prepared thereby are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for making high power electrochemical charge storage devices, provides for depositing an electrically conducting polymer (16), (18), onto a non-noble metal substrate (10), which has been prepared by treatment with a surfactant. Using this method, high power, high energy electrochemical charge storage devices may be fabricated with highly reproducible low cost.

Abstract: A stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance to ozone added water, such as ozone added ultrapure water used in semiconductor manufacturing processes and the like, as well as a manufacturing method. The stainless steel comprises a base metal and an oxide film formed on the surface of the base metal, the base metal being a stainless steel which contains 12 to 30% of Cr, 0 to 35% of Ni, and 1 to 6% of Al and Si while the contents of the other alloying elements are limited to as low a level as possible, the oxide film mainly comprising Al oxide or a Si oxide or both. The oxide film may be formed on the base metal surface through the dry oxidation process or the wet oxidation process. In the stainless steel, metallic ions are rarely dissolved from the base metal into the ozone added water.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a photovoltaic device comprising a metal layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second transparent conductive layer sequentially stacked on a substrate comprising iron, comprises the steps of forming the metal layer by electro-deposition of the metal layer from a solution and forming the first transparent conductive layer by electro-deposition of the first transparent conductive layer from a solution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing continuous reel-to-reel passivation of a stainless steel wire usable in an underwater electromechanical or optical cable of a mine hunting sonar or similar marine system, which supplies the stainless steel wire, under tension, immerses a first portion of the stainless steel wire in 10-20% nitric acid bath at ambient temperature; applies a current from a DC power supply to the immersed first portion of the stainless steel wire, advances the stainless steel wire, under tension, to repeat the immersing and current supplying on a second portion of the stainless steel wire, washes the first portion of the stainless steel wire in a flowing water wash, dries the first portion of the stainless steel wire with forced air, advances the stainless steel wire, under tension, to repeat the washing and drying on the second portion of the stainless steel wire, and stores the stainless steel wire under tension.

Abstract: A method for making high power electrochemical charge storage devices, provides for depositing an electrically conducting polymer (16), (18), onto a non-noble metal substrate (10), which has been prepared by treatment with a surfactant. Using this method, high power, high energy electrochemical charge storage devices may be fabricated with highly reproducible low cost.

Abstract: In a nitriding method intended to confer upon ferrous metal parts, in addon to surface properties resulting directly from nitriding, corrosion resistance comparable to that obtained when the nitriding treatment is followed by an oxidizing treatment, in particular in a salt bath, the parts are treated by immersion for an appropriate time in a molten salt bath containing in the known manner essentially alkali metal carbonates and cyanates and a small quantity of a sulfur-containing substance. The parts are held at a positive potential relative to a counter-electrode in contact with the bath so that a high current flows through the bath from the parts to the counter-electrode and the concentration of cyanides formed by secondary reaction is kept below 6%. It is preferable to use a constant average current; the typical current densities are from 300 amperes to 800 amperes per m.sup.2, the typical temperature ranges are from 450.degree. C. to 650.degree. C.

Abstract: A multi-layer wiring board where a plurality of wiring boards are laminated. The wiring board comprises a flexible insulating layer having a through hole and a wiring pattern formed on the flexible insulating layer. The wiring pattern is composed at least of two conductive layers. The first conductive layer formed on the insulating layer is made of a non-metallic conductor and the first wiring pattern is formed by a laser beam. The second conductive layer is an electroplated layer formed on the first wiring pattern. The first and second conductive layers have different reflectance for a beam.

Abstract: A blackened steel strip having improved blackness is produced in an efficient manner by anodizing a zinc alloy-plated steel strip in a solution containing 5 to 100 g/l of ClO.sub.3.sup.- and 10 to 300 g/l of SO.sub.4.sup.2- at pH 0.5 to 2.5 at a temperature of 30.degree. to 75.degree. C. and with a quantity of electricity of 10 to 300 C/dm.sup.2, and forming an acrylic resin chromate layer on the anodized steel strip to a thickness of 0.3 to 2.5 .mu.m. The solution may contain 5 to 100 g/l in total of at least one co-additive selected from Cl.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.-, H.sub.2 O.sub.2, Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, and Mn.sup.2+. The acrylic resin chromate layer contains 2 to 10 parts by weight of in the form of a chromate Cr per 100 parts by weight of acrylic resin.

Abstract: Electrodepositable coating compositions comprising an active hydrogen-containing ionic resin and a curing agent which contains blocked isocyanate groups and oxazolidone groups are disclosed. These coating compositions reduce the tendency of cured electrodeposited films to cause yellowing in subsequently applied topcoat systems. The use of these electrodepositable coating compositions in the process of electrodeposition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A treating solution for forming a hydroxide film on each surface of zinc-plated steel plates by cathodic electrolysis is here disclosed which comprises (a) 0.2 to 50 g/l of one or more metal ions selected from the group consisting of Mg.sup.2+, Cr.sup.3+, Ca.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+ and Al.sup.3+, and (b) 0.1 to 50 g/l of one or more oxidizing agents selected from the group consisting of nitrate ions, nitrite ions, chlorate ions, bromate ions and hydrogen peroxide. A process for the surface treatment of the zinc-plated steel plates by the use of this treating solution is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming a ceramics film on the surface of a substrate comprises performing spark discharge in an electrolytic bath, wherein the electrolytic bath comprises an aqueous solution of a water-soluble or colloidal silicate and/or an oxyacid salt to which ceramics fine particles and/or specific fine particles are dispersed and the spark discharge is carried out in the electrolytic bath while ensuring the suspended state of the ceramics particles and/or the specific fine particles in the electrolytic bath. The method makes it possible to effectively form, on the surface of a metal substrate, ceramics films having a variety of color tones as well as excellent insulating properties and hardness. Moreover, it further makes it possible to effectively form a composite ceramics film having excellent wear resistance on the surface of a metal substrate.