Abstract: Oils from plants and animal fats are hydrolyzed to fatty acids for a Kolbe reaction. The invention relates to a high productivity Kolbe reaction process for electrochemically decarboxylating C4-C28 fatty acids using small amounts of acetic acid to lower anodic passivation voltage and synthesizing C6-C54 hydrocarbons. The C6-C54 undergo olefin metathesis and/or hydroisomerization reaction process to synthesize heavy fuel oil, diesel fuel, kerosene fuel, lubricant base oil, and linear alpha olefin products useful as precursors for polymers, detergents, and other fine chemicals.

Abstract: A method for reducing carbon dioxide with use of a device for reducing carbon dioxide includes steps of (a) preparing the device. The device includes a vessel, a cathode electrode and an anode electrode. An electrolytic solution is stored in the vessel, the cathode electrode contains a copper rubeanate metal organic framework, the copper rubeanate metal organic framework is in contact with the electrolytic solution, the anode electrode is in contact with the electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solution contains carbon dioxide. The method further includes step of (b) applying a voltage difference between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode so as to reduce the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to carbon to carbon coupling processes, and more specifically, to dimerization or trimerization by electrocatalysis of alkenes and alkynes at room temperature.

Abstract: A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel compositions and methods of making the same. The fuel compositions include hydrocarbon derived from a biological source selected from plant oil, animal fat and combinations thereof. The hydrocarbon and the fuel compositions are at least substantially oxygen-free. In particular, the fuel compositions are useful in cold temperature environments and as aviation fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for forming a polymer layer with a uniform thickness on the surface of a solid support, to the solid support obtained using this process, and to its applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process, for the electrolytic coupling of carboxylic acids, carried out in a polymer electrolyte membrane reactor. The reactor design (1) discloses the use of gaseous or neat liquid reactants without the use of organic cosolvents, (2) prevents the loss of platinum, and (3) permits the use of oxygen reduction to water as the cathode reaction.

Abstract: Electrolytic hydrodimeric coupling of dialkyl maleates in alkanol solutions containing an alkanol-soluble alkali metal alkoxide/quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborate mixed supporting electrolyte yields tetraalkyl 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylates.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for electrochemically producing a carbonaceous material with its surface modified by organic groups, in particular functionalized organic groups. The process comprises providing a solution, in a protic or aprotic solvent, comprising a salt of a carboxylate of an organic residue capable of undergoing a Kolbe reaction. The solution is then put in contact with a carbonaceous material, wherein the carbonaceous material is positively polarized with respect to a cathode that is also in contact with the solution. The solution may optionally contain an electrolyte. The invention also concerns carbonaceous materials modified at the surface with arylmethyl groups and the use of these modified materials, for example, in the production of composite materials.

Abstract: 2,7'-Dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthyl and a process for preparing 2,2'-dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthyl and 2,7'-dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthyl by electrochemically oxidatively dimerizing 2-methylnaphthalene in the presence of acetonitrile/water/electrolyte salt mixtures which additionally contain at least one further component which, is immiscible or only partially miscible with water, and rectifying the reaction mixture obtained under reduced pressure.