Abstract: An electrochemical method for C—C coupling a phenol and an aniline in a reaction vessel containing a suitable solvent or solvent mixture and a conductive salt to produce biaryls having both hydroxyl and amino functions, wherein the difference in the oxidation potentials ?E of the substrates ranges from 10 mV to 450 mV and the substrate with the highest oxidation potential is in excess, which method dispenses with multi-step syntheses using metallic reagents.

Abstract: An electrochemical method for coupling anilines. When coupling two different anilines, the difference of the oxidation potential of the substrates is in the region of between 10 mV to 450 mV, and the aniline with the highest oxidation potential is added in excess. The method allows biaryldiamines to be electrochemically produced, and can avoid the need for multi-step syntheses using metallic reagents.

Abstract: A method for heterocycle catalyzed electrochemical reduction of a carbonyl compound is disclosed. The method generally includes steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may introduce the carbonyl compound into a solution of an electrolyte and a heterocycle catalyst in a divided electrochemical cell. The divided electrochemical cell may include an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment. The cathode generally reduces the carbonyl compound to at least one aldehyde compound. Step (B) may vary which of the aldehyde compounds is produced by adjusting one or more of (i) a cathode material, (ii) the electrolyte, (iii) the heterocycle catalyst, (iv) a pH level and (v) an electrical potential. Step (C) may separate the aldehyde compounds from the solution.

Abstract: A method for converting carboxylic acids (including carboxylic acids derived from biomass) into hydrocarbons. The produced hydrocarbons will generally have at least two oxygen containing substituents (or other substituents). In one example of application, the electrolysis converts alkali salts of carboxylic acids into diols which can then be used as solvents or be dehydrated to produce dienes, which can then be used to produce elastic polymeric materials. This process allows custom synthesis of high value chemicals from renewable feed stocks such as carboxylic acids derived from biomass.

Abstract: A bipolar electrode fabricated with a combination of materials that will physically separate the catholyte from the metal anode of the electrode while providing high electrical conductivity between the metal anode and the catalyst cathode. This is accomplished by layering the catalyst cathode over a composite of conductive adhesive and conductive foil that is then affixed to the metal anode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing unsymmetrical biaryl by anodic dehydrodimerization of substituted ortho-alkoxyaryl alcohols in the presence of partially fluorinated and/or perfluorinated mediators and a supporting electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing biaryls by anodic cross-dehydrodimerization of substituted phenols with arenes in the presence of partially fluorinated and/or perfluorinated mediators and a supporting electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing biaryl alcohols, in which anodic dehydrodimerization of substituted phenols is carried out in the presence of partially fluorinated and/or periluorinated mediators and a supporting electrolyte at a graphite electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing biaryls by anodic cross-dehydrodimerization of substituted phenols with arenes in the presence of partially fluorinated and/or perfluorinated mediators and a supporting electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing unsymmetrical biaryl by anodic dehydrodimerization of substituted ortho-alkoxyaryl alcohols in the presence of partially fluorinated and/or perfluorinated mediators and a supporting electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing biaryl alcohols, in which anodic dehydrodimerization of substituted phenols is carried out in the presence of partially fluorinated and/or periluorinated mediators and a supporting electrolyte at a graphite electrode.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal-carrying carbonaceous material is provided. The method comprises immersing a carbonaceous material in a metal-containing aqueous solution under vacuum, with stirring, and/or in the presence of a polar solvent, and then thermally treating the immersed carbonaceous material at a temperature ranging from 120° C. up to a temperature not higher than the melting point of the involved metal under vacuum or in the presence of a protective gas. According to the method, the metal can be effectively carried on a carbonaceous material so as to enhance the applicability of the metal-carrying carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A method of producing a bisphosphine oxide by performing a koble electrolysis coupling reaction to a phosphine oxide carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (1): wherein the bisphosphine oxide is represented by the following general formula (2):