Abstract: Electrochemical sensors have great promise for point-of-care and in vivo measurement of medically relevant molecules. However, the need for calibrating individual sensors limits the practical applicability of these sensing platforms. The invention provides a novel method of operating electrochemical sensors which obviates the need to calibrate individual sensors against a sample of known concentration. The invention exploits the frequency dependence of electrochemical output signals and the dependence of output signals on the inherent electron transfer kinetics of a selected sensor design. By use of signals generated at a nonresponsive frequency, a normalizing output value is generated that accounts for sensor-to-sensor variation and which enables an accurate calculation of target concentration. The scope of the invention also includes pre-calibrated sensors that may be utilized without calibration steps.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and devices for biomolecular detection, comprising a nanopipette, exemplified as a hollow inert, non-biological structure with a conical tip opening of nanoscale dimensions, suitable for holding an electrolyte solution which may contain an analyte such as a protein biomolecule to be detected as it is passed through the tip opening. Biomolecules are detected by specific reaction with peptide ligands chemically immobilized in the vicinity of the tip. Analytes which bind to the ligands cause a detectible change in ionic current. A sensitive detection circuit, using a feedback amplifier circuit, and alternating voltages is further disclosed. Detection of IL-10 at a concentration of 4 ng/ml is also disclosed, as is detection of VEGF.

Abstract: Provided is a means for promoting electron transfer between nanocarbon and other substances. An electron transfer accelerator for nanocarbon comprising a compound having an aromatic ring Skelton.

Abstract: Provided herein is a biosensor for detecting a target analyte in a sample comprising a first and second photoelectrode each comprising conductive substrate and photoactive material, a first and second capture probe functionalized on the first and second photoelectrode, respectively, and optionally one or more reporter moieties comprising a detectable label, wherein the first and second capture probe each, independently, provides a distance between the detectable label and the photoactive material in the presence of the target analyte, wherein intensity of detection signal dictated by the distance is generated from the first and second photoelectrode by transfer of electrons between the detectable label and the photoactive material, wherein a higher, or higher increase than in absence of sample, in the intensity of the detection signal from the first as compared to the second photoelectrode in the presence of the sample, is indicative of the presence of the target analyte.

Abstract: An electrochemically active, creatinine-binding device is provided to detect and measure quantitatively, creatinine in biological samples. The device of the present invention is also provided with a device to detect and measure quantitatively creatinine and albumin bioanalytes, simultaneously and to determine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). The present invention also provides an electrochemically active, creatinine-binding and albumin-binding device, for collection and retention of biological samples, having creatinine and albumin bioanalytes. In the present invention, a device holder is provided to receive the electrochemically active, creatinine-binding and albumin-binding device. The device, point-of-care biosensor and the method of the present invention, facilitate quantitative measurement of creatinine and albumin bioanalytes in urine and blood samples, and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), in urine samples, electrochemically, by determining redox current values.

Abstract: Fault detection and diagnostics for a microneedle array based continuous analyte monitoring device are provided. The electrochemical sensors, including the electrodes of the analyte monitoring device configured for measuring one or more target analytes, may experience various faults during use of the analyte monitoring device. By modeling the sensors as an electrical network, measurements of the electrical network may be correlated with operational parameters of the sensor. The voltage at the counter electrode provides an indication of the resistance or impedance between the working electrode and the counter electrode and is used to identify the occurrence of faults occurring at the continuous analyte monitoring device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for sample analysis. The system comprises a container. The container comprises a sample receptacle and a cap, and the cap comprises a reservoir for retaining a composition, a first piercing member and a first pierceable barrier for sealing said composition within said reservoir. There is also provided a method for sample analysis.

Abstract: A substrate's embedded substrate contact electrode forms a reference voltage point. A gate insulator is spaced outwardly from the substrate and has an exposed outer surface configured for contact with a fluid analyte. A device region is intermediate the substrate and the gate insulator; source and drain regions are adjacent the device region; and a field insulator is spaced outwardly of the drain region, the source region, and the substrate away from the device region. The gate insulator and the field oxide are formed of different materials having different chemical sensitivities to the fluid analyte. The field insulator is coupled to the substrate through the field insulator capacitance. The gate insulator capacitance is much smaller than the field insulator capacitance. The embedded substrate contact electrode can be connected to a separate voltage so that the electrical potential between the substrate and the source region can be controlled.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods and systems for generating a void profile for user void events. The method includes receiving by a processing element a plurality of outputs from a fluid level sensor corresponding to a plurality of levels of fluid flowing through a voiding device during a flow event; determining by the processing element a beginning and an end time of the fluid flow into the voiding device during the flow event; analyzing the plurality of outputs of the fluid level sensor over a time interval defined by the beginning and end time of the fluid flow to determine at least one of a fluid flow rate data and an accumulated volume data for the fluid flowing through the voiding device; and storing the fluid flow rate data and the accumulated flow volume data in a memory.

Abstract: A data collection device comprising an input, a processor and an output. The input is configured to receive a user identifier receive data from external data generating equipment. The processor is configured to generate processed data comprising the received data and metadata including the user identifier. The output is configured to output the processed data to a data repository.

Abstract: A biosensor for an analyte monitoring system. In one embodiment, the biosensor includes a cascode common source transimpedance amplifier circuit, an analog to digital converter, and an output circuit. The cascode common source transimpedance amplifier circuit is configured to receive an electrical current generated by an electrochemical reaction of an analyte on a test strip. The cascode common source transimpedance amplifier circuit is also configured to convert the electrical current to an analog voltage signal. The analog to digital converter is configured to convert the analog voltage signal to a digital voltage signal. The output circuit is configured to transmit a signal indicating a measured level of the analyte based on the digital voltage signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for measuring glycated A1c hemoglobin. A glycated hemoglobin level measuring system includes a sample testing apparatus having a microchannel that compresses a blood sample traveling through, a first pair of electrodes coupled to the microchannel, and a second pair of electrodes coupled to the microchannel. The glycated hemoglobin level measuring system further includes an analysis apparatus having sensors coupled to the first and second pairs of electrodes and configured to calculate a travel time taken by a red blood cell to pass through the first and second pairs of electrodes. The glycated hemoglobin level measuring system can use the travel time to measure a rigidity of the red blood cells and the corresponding glycated hemoglobin level.

Abstract: A method for obtaining information encoded on an electrochemical test strip is provided. The test strip has two electrodes disposed within a sample space and the information is encoded on the test strip prior to introduction of liquid sample. The method includes the step of introducing sample to the sample space so that the sample is in contact with the two electrodes within the sample space. In another step a value is determined that is representative of the double layer capacitance of the test strip and/or the equivalent capacitance of the test strip. The determined value is then translated into information reflecting a characteristic of the test strip prior to introduction of sample.

Abstract: There is a described a patch-clamp chip for making electrical measurements on a biological sample. The patch-clamp chip comprising a plurality of layers comprising poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) forming a stack. It comprises at least a chip surface layer comprising an aperture formed therethrough and which upwardly opens on the surface, where the biological sample is provided. A microfluidic channel layer comprising PDMS extends below the plane of the chip surface layer and comprises a microfluidic channel formed therein. The aperture of the chip surface layer downwardly opens on the microfluidic channel. Electrophysiological measurements are made between an internal solution in the microfluidic channel and the external solution on the chip surface. The measurements can be performed via a bottom electrode. A plurality of apertures and corresponding microfluidic channels can be provided to perform simultaneous measurements on a plurality of samples, independently.

Abstract: A system for determining a level of hematocrit includes a test strip configured to receive a sample; a meter configured to receive the test strip; and further including circuitry and a microprocessor, the circuitry and microprocessor configured to apply electrical energy to the test strip and the sample and determine an electrical property of the sample, either the impedance phase angle or the impedance magnitude of the test strip and the sample and, based on the electrical property, calculate the level of hematocrit in the sample.

Abstract: A method for determining an information on an equivalent series resistance is disclosed and comprises: generating at least one excitation voltage signal and applying the excitation voltage to at least two measurement electrodes; measuring a response signal; determining a signal flank from the response signal and determining an ohmic signal portion from one or both of shape and height of the signal flank; and determining the information on the equivalent series resistance from the ohmic signal portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a single-use test-strip for the quantitative determination of sodium concentration and creatinine concentration and for the subsequent determination of their ratio, and to a non-invasive point-of-care (POC) device for detecting sodium depletion and/or sodium overload in a patient's body. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for simultaneously and quantitatively determining sodium concentration and creatinine concentration in a patient's urine sample and to a method of detecting sodium depletion and/or sodium overload in a patient's body.

Abstract: A fluid infusion system includes a housing configured to be adhesively coupled to an anatomy of the user. The housing comprises a communication device configured to wirelessly communicate a physiological characteristic to a communication component of a fluid infusion device. The fluid infusion system includes a fluid flow path from the fluid infusion device into the anatomy of the user, and the fluid flow path is configured to extend from the housing for insertion into the anatomy of the user.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing an in vivo component is provided. The apparatus for analyzing an in vivo component may include an impedance sensor including a first electrode and a second electrode configured to contact a fluid channel of a fluid to be analyzed. The apparatus may include an impedance measurement device configured to apply a current to the first electrode and the second electrode, measure a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode based on applying the current, and measure an impedance of the fluid based on the measured voltage. The apparatus may include a processor configured to model the measured impedance using an equivalent circuit; and analyze the in vivo component based on modeling the measured impedance using the equivalent circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules, the apparatus comprising: a body, formed in a surface of the body, an array of sensor wells capable of supporting a layer of amphiphilic molecules across the sensor wells, the sensor wells each containing an electrode for connection to an electrical circuit, and formed in the surface of the body between the sensor wells, flow control wells capable of smoothing the flow of a fluid across the surface.

Abstract: Systems and methods of polynucleotide sequencing are provided. Systems and methods optimize control, speed, movement, and/or translocation of a sample (e.g., a polynucleotide) within, through, or at least partially through a nanopore or a type of protein or mutant protein in order to accumulate sufficient time and current blocking information to identify contiguous nucleotides or plurality of nucleotides in a single-stranded area of a polynucleotide.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the diagnosis of ischemia or ischemic tissue damage, methods for predicting the progression of ischemia in a patient having suffered an ischemic event, for determining the prognosis of a patient having suffered an ischemic event and for determining the risk that a patient suffering from stable coronary disease suffers a recurrent ischemic event based on the detection of the levels of glycosylated Apo J. The invention relates as well to a method for the determination of glycosylated Apo J in a sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system for measuring a property of a sample comprising: a test strip for collecting the sample; a diagnostic measuring device configured to receive the test strip and measure a concentration of an analyte in the sample received on the test strip; and the diagnostic measuring device further comprising a processor programmed to execute an analyte correction for correcting a measurement of the sample due to one or more interferents, comprising: calculating an interferent impedance measurement including a magnitude measurement and a phase measurement using a difference identity to generate a sinusoidal signal with an amplitude proportional to the phase difference; and adjusting the measurement of the analyte in the sample using that the calculated interferent impedance measurement.

Abstract: The sampling chip dividing instrument includes: a main body block; a space that is provided inside the main body block, has an opening leading to an outer surface of the main body block, and fits in and contains the cut portion of the sampling chip through the opening; and an surrounding portion that is provided outside the space at a periphery of the opening, and receives a sample scattered from a break portion of the sampling chip divided near the opening.

Abstract: The present invention takes the glucose oxidase GOD from Aspergillus niger as the mutation template to obtain the glucose oxidase GOD mutants with improved catalytic efficiency and thermal stability by site directed mutagenesis. The specific activity of the mutant of the present invention is 66% higher than that of the wild type GOD; the enzyme activity of the mutant of the present invention is 13.6 times higher than that of the wild type after being treated at 70° C. for 10 min; and the enzyme activity of the mutant of the present invention is 29.4 times higher than that of the wild type after being treated at 80° C. for 2 min.

Abstract: Devices powered by fuel cells can be operated for extended durations when the fuel cells are adapted to extract the necessary reactants for generating power from the surrounding environment and when the concentration of reactants in that environment is maintained at a sufficient level by interaction between the environment and a reactant-enriched atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems are disclosed for the determination and logging of risk factor parameters associated with a sample, in association with the measurement of a concentration of an analyte in the sample. The methods, devices, and systems provide for applying an input signal to a sample via an electrode. The input signal has at least one excitation. The methods, devices, and systems further provide for measuring an output signal responsive to the input signal. The methods, devices, and systems further provide for determining a concentration of an analyte within the sample based on the output signal, and determining at least one risk factor parameter associated with at least one species in the sample other than the analyte.

Abstract: Reagents are disclosed for use with potentiometric magnesium ion selective electrodes, along with kits containing same as well as methods of use thereof. Before explaining at least one embodiment of the inventive concept(s) in detail by way of exemplary drawings, experimentation, results, and laboratory procedures, it is to be understood that the inventive concept(s) is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings, experimentation and/or results.

Abstract: Methods of agglutinating and separating erythrocytes, by which erythrocytes can be instantaneously agglutinated into a sufficient size in a blood sample and completely separated from the blood sample; and a hemagglutination reagent are provided. The method of agglutinating erythrocytes according to the present invention includes adding a solution containing a cholic acid-based surfactant and an acid to a blood sample. The method of separating erythrocytes according to the present invention includes separating the erythrocytes agglutinated by the above-described method of the present invention. The hemagglutination reagent according to the present invention contains a cholic acid-based surfactant and an acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides biochips and methods for making biochips. A biochip can comprise a nanopore in a membrane (e.g., lipid bilayer) adjacent or in proximity to an electrode. Methods are described for forming the membrane and insert-ing the nanopore into the membrane. The biochips and methods can be used for nucleic acid (e.g., DNA) sequencing. The present disclosure also describes methods for detecting, sorting, and binning molecules (e.g., proteins) using biochips.

Abstract: In order to provide a system allowing an improved and facilitated preparation of a sample for an appropriate analysis, a device for preparing a patient's sample before analysis is provided. The device comprises a housing (10, 30) and an actuator (50). The housing includes a receiving chamber (32). The receiving chamber is configured for receiving a liquid. The actuator is movable relative to the housing. The actuator is configured for extracting a predetermined amount of the liquid received in the receiving chamber and for supplying the extracted liquid to a reagent chamber, so that the reagent is suspended in the liquid. The actuator comprises a metering chamber (52) configured for receiving the predetermined amount of the liquid and for supplying the predetermined amount of the liquid to the reagent chamber.

Abstract: A method includes steps of: applying a first voltage signal on a blood sample so as to obtain a preliminary value regarding an analyte in the blood sample; applying on the blood sample, a second voltage signal that includes cycles of a pulse and that has a voltage value alternating between high and low levels; measuring a physical quantity resulting from application of the second voltage signal on the blood sample at a time point in one of the cycles of the pulse of the second voltage signal so as to generate a calibration value; and calibrating the preliminary value based on the calibration value so as to obtain a calibrated value of the analyte in the blood sample which serves as a result of measurement of the analyte.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device comprising: a touch screen display; a battery; a plurality of antenna elements arranged in order to perform beamforming for directional wireless communication; a first wireless communication circuit configured to provide, through the antenna elements, first wireless communication having a first coverage; a second wireless communication circuit configured to provide second wireless communication having a second coverage greater than the first coverage; and a processor connected to the display, the battery, the first wireless communication circuit, and the second wireless communication circuit, wherein the processor stores instructions for determining whether an external device is close to the electronic device by using the first wireless communication circuit, enabling at least one antenna element, rather than all the antenna elements, among the plurality of antenna elements, and transmitting data to the external device by using the second wireless communication circuit and th

Abstract: Reagents are disclosed for use with potentiometric magnesium ion selective electrodes, along with kits containing same as well as methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Chemically-sensitive field effect transistors for biosensor chips and system are disclosed. The itransisitors have a multi-layered structure for performing a set of measurements of a biological reaction involving a binding event for one or more biological analytes that may be label-free. The multilayer structure includes a first insulating layer above a substrate layer and a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed positioned over the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer above the first insulating layer and proximate the source and drain electrodes forming side wall members of a well for a fluid comprising the analytes; a 2D graphene layer forming a channel between source and drain electrodes; a solution gate, formed by fluid flowed over the channel, configured to enable determining differences between one or more sample I-Vg curves having a shifted and changed shape relative to a reference curve; embodiments may include ion-selective membranes and/or ion getters.

Abstract: A liquid-sensing apparatus includes a substrate, partitions, and independent sensors. The partitions are disposed on the substrate for separating several housing spaces in order to respectively house a to-be-detected liquid, wherein each of the housing spaces has a bottom, a closed sidewall, and an open top, and thus the to-be-detected liquid may be dripped from the top of the housing space. The independent sensors are respectively formed at the bottom of different housing spaces, wherein the independent sensors respectively include different sensing material layers, and surfaces of the different sensing material layers have nanoholes.

Abstract: A transmittance based system/kit for point-of-care quantification of biomarker samples includes a stage supporting a detection unit, an optical transmittance unit and a signal processing unit. The detection unit comprising reactive substrate is capable of undergoing a specific biomarker sample interactive reaction and generating a quantifiable optical signal proportional to the concentration of the said biomarker sample wherein the intensity of the color varies with the concentration of the analyte in the bio-sample. The optical transmittance unit, comprises a sample stage integrated with the light source and a photodetector, converting quantifiable optical signal transmitted through the reagent coated substrate detection unit to electrical signals, a signal processing unit connected to the said optical transmittance unit transduces the analogue electrical signal into the digital display signal.

Abstract: A sensing device for sensing ion concentration of a solution, including a first substrate, a second substrate, a sensing layer, and two electrodes. The material of the first substrate includes cellulose. The second substrate is located on the first substrate. The sensing layer is located on the second substrate. The two electrodes are separately disposed on the sensing layer to expose the sensing layer and bring a solution in contact with the sensing layer so as to measure the resistance value of the solution and convert the resistance value into the ion concentration of the solution.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosing pathology of the liver in a subject suspected of having such pathology are disclosed. The methods comprise quantifiably detecting lectin binding on proteins in biological fluids, and comparing the detected lectin binding with reference values for the binding of lectin of such proteins in healthy or disease states.

Abstract: Methods and materials are disclosed for evaluating head brain injuries that do not involve blood loss or skull fractures, such as possible concussions. These methods and materials involve bioreagents (such as monoclonal antibodies, single-stranded DNA or RNA, etc.) affixed to computer-readable devices handled by electronic readers that can interact with portable computers (such as laptops, pads or tablets, smart phones, etc.). The bioreagents will detect the presence and concentration of at least two metabolites that are released by mitochondria in response to cellular damage. Additional bioreagents may be included, for detecting and quantifying other damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP's). When used along with cognitive, reasoning, and/or response tests, this type of analysis can help non-physicians assess the severity of, and proper responses to, head traumas that otherwise are difficult or impossible to reliably evaluate.

Abstract: Certain embodiments are directed to sensors that enable the use of optimized biocompatible materials such as pre-anodized paper printed electrode transducer to detect binding of a target agent, wherein the surface is modified or functionalized through zero length cross-linker so that it interacts with or specifically binds a target such as sugars (glucose) or glycated proteins (HgbA1c).

Abstract: A bio sensor a method of sensing for the bio sensor are provided. The bio sensor includes an electrode array. The electrode array includes an enzyme electrode for measuring a target material, a power driver for providing a voltage to the electrode array, and a processor for controlling the power driver to alternately provide a negative voltage and a positive voltage to the electrode array, and for controlling the power driver to provide a measurement voltage for measuring the target material to the electrode array after the alternating voltage is provided.

Abstract: A method of measuring a quantity of a substrate contained in sample liquid is provided. This method can reduce measurement errors caused by a biosensor. The biosensor includes at least a pair of electrodes on an insulating board and is inserted into a measuring device which includes a supporting section for supporting detachably the biosensor, plural connecting terminals to be coupled to the respective electrodes, and a driving power supply which applies a voltage to the respective electrodes, and a driving power terminals. One of the electrodes of the biosensor is connected to the first and second connecting terminals of the measuring device only when the biosensor is inserted into the measuring device in a given direction, and has a structure such that the electrode becomes conductive between the first and second connecting terminals due to a voltage application by the driving power supply.

Abstract: A method for monitoring an analyte within the body of a patient, an analyst sensor, and an analyte monitoring apparatus are presented here. In accordance with certain embodiments, the method for monitoring an analyte within the body of a patient includes implanting an analyte sensor at a sensor placement site in the patient. The analyte sensor includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, a primary working electrode having a first structure, and an auxiliary working electrode having a second structure different from the first structure. The method includes communicating a primary signal from the primary working electrode and an auxiliary signal from the auxiliary working electrode to a processor. Further, the method includes monitoring the primary signal and the auxiliary signal with the processor to characterize a change in a physiological characteristic at the sensor placement site.

Abstract: The concentration measurement method includes: introducing a predetermined amount of the biological sample into the capillary; measuring a temperature of the biological sample by applying a first voltage to the electrode unit when the temperature of the biological sample is measured, the first voltage allowing the temperature measurement to be less affected by increase and reduction in an amount of the analyte contained in the biological sample; measuring the concentration of the analyte contained in the biological sample by applying a second voltage to the electrode unit; measuring an environmental temperature in a surrounding of the biological sample; and correcting the concentration of the measured analyte based on the measured temperature of the biological sample and the measured environmental temperature.

Abstract: This disclosure describes an electric-field imaging system and method of use. In accordance with implementations of the electric-field imaging system, a fluid sample can be placed on top of a pixel-based impedance sensor. An image of the target analytes can be created immediately afterwards. From this image, computer imaging algorithms can determine attributes (e.g., size, type, morphology, volume, distribution, number, concentration, or motility, etc.) of the target analytes. The electric-field imaging sensor can be used for a variety of agglutination or agglomeration assays.

Abstract: A method for correcting nucleotide incorporation signals for fluid potential effects or disturbances arising in nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis includes: disposing a plurality of template polynucleotide strands in a plurality of defined spaces disposed on a sensor array, the template polynucleotide strands having a sequencing primer and a polymerase bound therewith; exposing the template polynucleotide strands to a series of flows of nucleotide species flowed through a fluid manifold, the fluid manifold comprising passages for flowing nucleotide species and a branch passage for flowing a solution, the branch passage comprising a reference electrode and a sensing electrode; obtaining a plurality of nucleotide incorporation signals corresponding to the plurality of defined spaces, the nucleotide incorporation signals having a signal intensity related to a number of nucleotide incorporations; and correcting at least some of the plurality of nucleotide incorporation signals for fluid potential effects or dis

Abstract: A biosensor includes a transistor and a reactive electrode. The transistor has a source, a drain and a gate surface disposed therebetween. The reactive electrode is spaced apart from the gate surface of the transistor, has a receptor immobilized thereon for specific binding with an analyte in a liquid sample, and is configured to contact the liquid sample together with the gate surface of the transistor.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the illumination device includes a lighting unit and a control unit. The lighting unit emits light at the intensity to be emitted toward the region to be irradiated in a two-dimensional region of a measurement device. The measurement device acquires optical information and biochemical information and/or electrical information for an object corresponding with positional information. The control unit determines the region to be irradiated and the intensity to be emitted, based on the biochemical or electrical information by the measurement device, the positional information of them, and the threshold conditions predetermined, and controls the irradiation of the lighting unit depending on them.