Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovery power from an FCC product. Gaseous hydrocarbon product from an FCC reactor is heat exchanged with a heat exchange media which is delivered to an expander to generate power. Cycle oil from product fractionation may be added to the gaseous FCC product to wash away coke precursors.

Abstract: An alkylation process, comprising providing an isoparaffin feed that comprises at least 20 wt % C5+, providing a hydrocarbon stream that comprises at least 20 wt % C5+ olefins, and contacting the isoparaffin feed and the hydrocarbon stream with an ionic liquid catalyst under alkylation conditions wherein a middle distillate is produced. The middle distillate has less than 10 ppm sulfur and less than 3 wt % olefin. An alkylation process comprising contacting a naphtha with a low RON and a hydrocarbon stream comprising C5 olefins to an ionic liquid alkylation reactor under alkylation conditions, and recovering a middle distillate comprising less than 3 wt % olefin. A refinery process, comprising a hydrocracker that produces C5+ isoparaffin, a FC cracker that produces a hydrocarbon stream comprising a C5+ olefin, and an ionic liquid alkylation reactor that produces a high yield of middle distillate.

Abstract: A foldable support frame for supporting a cutting machine comprises two opposing pairs of leg frames each of which comprises a pair of first crossed legs and second crossed legs that are pivotally connected together. Where the first and second crossed legs cross, two stopper means are positioned for supporting each pair of the first and second crossed legs and limiting the inclination of each of the first and second crossed legs. Each first and second crossed leg comprises an upper slide rod and a support leg, and each slide rod can slide within a respective support leg to adjust the total length of each first and second crossed leg. Thus, the foldable support frame can be easily folded or retracted in for storage and transport and unfolded or extended for supporting the cutting machine or other similar machines.

Abstract: A hydrorefining catalyst containing a metal belonging to group VIB of the Periodic Table and phosphorus is made by bringing the supporting liquid into contact with a porous carrier formed of inorganic oxide. The supporting liquid is an aqueous solution of a metal belonging to group VIB of the Periodic Table, a phosphorus compound, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide added to water. Thee hydroxycarboxylic acid content of the supporting liquid is such that molar ratio of group VIB metal:hydroxycarboxylic acid is 1:0.05 to 1:1 and the hydrogen peroxide content of the supporting liquid is such that molar ratio of group VIB metal:hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.03 to 1:1. The catalyst made with the supporting liquid has excellent desulfurization activity.

Abstract: A supported Lewis acid catalyst system for catalyzing hydrocarbon conversion reactions including cationic polymerization, alkylation, isomerization and cracking reactions is disclosed, wherein the catalyst system comprises an inorganic oxide support having immobilized thereon at least one relatively strong Lewis acid and at least one relatively weak Lewis acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel silicon enhanced aluminas (SEAL), processes to prepare them, and hydrocarbon conversion processes using the SEALs. The SEAL compositions have a bulk empirical formula of Al.sub.2-x Si.sub.x O.sub.3 F.sub.x where x varies from about 0.01 to about 0.5. This SEAL material has a three-dimensional pore structure with the pores having diameters in the range of about 20 to about 300.ANG., a crystal structure characteristic of alumina, and where the surface of the SEAL has a higher silicon concentration than the interior of the SEAL. The SEAL is prepared by contacting an alumina with a fluorosilicate salt. This SEAL can be calcined to give a calcined seal with a formula Al.sub.2-x Si.sub.x O.sub.3 F.sub.y where x is as defined above and y varies from 0.01 to x. The calcined SEAL contains both strong and weak acid sites. These SEAL compositions are particularly useful in hydrocracking, cracking and alkylation processes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for dewaxing hydrocarbon oil which is characterized by bringing the hydrocarbon oil into contact with a catalyst which is prepared by mixing specific crystalline aluminosilicate, defined in claim 1, having an SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio between 12 and less than 70 with at least one solid fluorine compound selected from aluminum fluoride, ammonium fluoride, zinc fluoride, cadmium fluoride, manganese fluoride, chromium fluoride, tin fluoride, copper fluoride and silver fluoride; molding the resulting mixture into an optional shape; and calcining the molded mixture at a temperature of 100.degree. to 700.degree. C. for a time of 0.5 hour or more.

Abstract: Method of producing a baseoil having a reduced coking tendency by removing precursors from the baseoil. Baseoil having reduced coking tendencies which comprises a substantially no coking precursors therein.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed using a catalyst prepared by a method comprising reacting an adsorbent containing surface hydroxyl groups with a Lewis acid in a halogenated organic solvent.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising hydrocarbon compounds to product comprising hydrocarbon compounds of lower molecular weight than feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst comprising a siliceous zeolite prepared by the method comprising providing zeolite Beta containing boron and aluminum, treating the zeolite with silicon tetrachloride at a temperature and for a time sufficient to replace boron with silicon, and recovering the siliceous zeolite having reduced boron content but substantially preserved initial aluminum content. In particular embodiments, the conversion is selective cracking for waxes and the process is useful for reducing the pour point of fuel oils and lubricants.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy hydrocarbons into light hydrocarbons which comprises contacting, in a reaction zone, a heavy hydrocarbon having an API gravity at 25.degree. C. of less than about 20, such as Boscan heavy crude oil or tar sand bitumen, with a liquid comprising water and with an effective amount of selected catalyst materials such as iron (II and/or III) oxides, sulfides or sulfates, in the absence of externally added hydrogen, at a temperature between greater than about 340.degree. and about 480.degree. C. and at a pressure between about 1350 kPa (about 196 psig, about 13.2 atm) and about 15,000 kPa (about 2175 psig, about 148 atm), for a time sufficient to produce a residue and a vapor phase comprising light hydrocarbons, gaseous product and water, withdrawing the residue and said phase from the second zone; and recovering a light hydrocarbon product having an API gravity at 25.degree. C. of greater than about 20 and substantially free of vanadium and nickel values, i.e.

Abstract: Method of preparing a hydrocarbon conversion and polymerization catalyst comprising reacting an adsorbent containing surface hydroxyl groups with a Lewis acid in a halogenated organic solvent.

Abstract: The ion-exchange capacity and acid catalytic activity of a ZSM-5 type zeolite are increased by treatment of a physical mixture of the zeolite and an inorganic oxide with water in the presence of an alkali metal cation.Specifically, the catalyst is prepared by contacting a mixture of a crystalline zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio above 12 and a Constraint Index between about 1 and about 12, and a solid source of aluminum with liquid water in the presence of an activating amount of an alkali metal cation and under a combination of conditions including a temperature up to about 370.degree. C. for less than about an hour to about 100 hours to induce increased activity to the zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for in situ fluorinating a catalyst by passing a gas containing hydrogen through a catalyst bed, injecting a gaseous organic fluorine compound into the gas and recycling the gas at such a low temperature and during such a long period that more than 50% of the fluorine compound is physically adsorbed on the catalyst, and then increasing the temperature of the bed so as to finish the in situ fluorination.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of high boiling saturated organic materials is described. The method comprises contacting said high boiling organic materials at a temperature of at least about 300.degree. C. and at a reaction pressure of at least about 2000 psi with an aqueous acidic medium containing at least one olefin, and a halogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a hydrogen halide, a compound which can form a halide or a hydrogen halide in the aqueous acidic medium under the process conditions, or mixtures thereof whereby the high boiling organic material and aqueous acidic medium form a substantially single phase system. Optionally the process can be conducted in a reducing atmosphere. The process of the invention is useful for producing and recovering fuel range liquids from petroleum, coal, oil shale, shale oil, tar sand solids, bitumen and heavy hydrocarbon oils such as crude oil distillation residues which contain little or no carbon-carbon unsaturation.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst comprising a crystalline zeolite which has been treated by reaction with a compound having a complex fluoroanion.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst comprising a zeolite composition prepared by a method which comprises compositing a specific zeolite material with alumina, impregnating the composite with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal fluoride under vacuum, contacting the impregnated composite with an ammonium salt solution and calcining the resulting material.

Abstract: A method of hydrocracking using a zinc catalyst in the hydrogenation step comprising providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed of coal or tar to a hydrogenation means,removing spent zinc and catalyst from said hydrogenation means to a regeneration means,heating said spent zinc catalyst in said regeneration means,providing hydrogen chloride to said regeneration means,said spent zinc catalyst comprising ZnS, whereby ZnCl.sub.2 gas is formed,contacting at least a portion of said ZnCl.sub.2 with steam to form ZnO,conveying said ZnO and ZnCL.sub.2 to said hydrogenation means.

Abstract: A catalyst support suitable for use in a cracking process or hydrotreating process having outstanding thermal stability comprising a selected Group IIA metal oxide or combinations thereof, alumina and aluminum phosphate.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products while adding magnesium chloride to modify heat output. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F. and material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and a Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with particulate cracking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1400.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F. and material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and a Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with particulate cracking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1400.degree. F., and under a pressure of about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch absolute sufficient for causing a conversion per pass in the range of about 50% to about 90% while producing coke in amounts in the range of about 6 to about 14% by weight based on fresh feed, and laying down coke on the catalyst in amounts in the range of about 0.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon oil to motor fuel products.The heavy hydrocarbon oil is admixed with a metal halide catalyst and a solvent component under supercritical conditions to form (1) a dense-gas solvent phase which contains refined hydrocarbon crackate, and which is substantially free of metal halide catalyst content; and (2) a residual asphaltic phase.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking process using a catalyst composition which contains a silica-magnesia or silica-magnesia-fluoride composite in combination with a substantial amount of clay. The catalyst yields desirable selectivity in combination with superior regeneration characteristics. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst composition also contains a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite.

Abstract: Catalysts of wide utility, e.g., for hydrocarbon conversion, are prepared by calcining at 500.degree.C. to 800.degree.C. a septechlorite precursor prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and which may be characterized as a charge-balanced 1:1 trioctahedral phyllosilicate in which the divalent metal ions may be nickel, magnesium, cobalt, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, or mixtures thereof, and the trivalent metal ions may be aluminum, chromium, iron, or mixtures thereof, in relative proportions as set forth in the specification and claims.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon cracking is carried out by means of a catalyst which is a novel synthetic smectite composition related to saponite plus accessory hydrous magnesia. The composition is calcined prior to use as a catalyst.