Metal Or Metal Oxide Containing Catalyst Patents (Class 208/121)
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Patent number: 5328594Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalytic process for carrying out heavy hydrocarbon conversion, usually, but not necessarily, in the presence of nickel and vanadium on the catalyst and in the feedstock, by catalytic cracking gas oils and heavy carbometallic oils to lighter molecular weight fractions. The process is facilitated by the continuous addition of one or more heavy rare earth additives, including gadolinum, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, and thulium, all having exceptionally high paramagnetic properties, which as they accumulate on aged catalyst, are used to achieve enhanced magnetic separation of aged catalyst. These additives are unusual in that they not only act dramatically as magnetic hooks to assist in removing old, nickel and vanadium poisoned catalyst, but also act to achieve increased activity and improve selectivity of the remaining catalyst, and of equal importance, tend to resist catalyst deactivation.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 1992Date of Patent: July 12, 1994Assignee: Ashland Oil, Inc.Inventor: William P. Hettinger
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Patent number: 5318695Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking process for producing relatively low emissions fuels. The feedstock is exceptionally low in nitrogen and aromatics and relatively high in hydrogen. The catalyst is an amorphous silica-alumina or a zeolitic material having a relatively small unit cell size. The feedstock can be characterized as having less than about 50 wppm nitrogen; greater than about 13 wt. % hydrogen; less than about 7.5 wt. % 2+ring aromatic cores; and not more than about 15 wt. % aromatic cores overall.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1992Date of Patent: June 7, 1994Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Paul E. Eberly, William E. Winter, William L. Schuette, William A. Wachter, Tan-Jen Chen
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Patent number: 5314612Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid catalytic cracking process for producing low emissions fuels. The feedstock is exceptionally low in nitrogen and aromatics and relatively high in hydrogen. The catalyst is a mixture of zeolite Y and zeolite beta (.beta.). The feedstock can be characterized as having less than about 50 wppm nitrogen; greater than about 13 wt. % hydrogen; less than about 7.5 wt. % 2+ ring aromatic cores; and not more than about 15 wt. % aromatic cores overall.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1992Date of Patent: May 24, 1994Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Paul E. Eberly, William E. Winter
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Patent number: 5302281Abstract: Middle distillates can be produced efficiently in high yields by catalytically cracking petroleum hydrocarbons by contacting the petroleum hydrocarbons at cracking conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a cation-exchanged stevensite.Type: GrantFiled: July 6, 1992Date of Patent: April 12, 1994Assignee: Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.Inventors: Eiji Iwamatsu, Yasushi Wakushima, Yoshifumi Hiramatsu
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Patent number: 5298153Abstract: An attrition resistant catalytic cracking catalyst is prepared by spray drying an aqueous slurry containing a molecular sieve having cracking activity, a clay such as kaolin, a silica sol and aluminum chlorhydroxide. The resultant catalyst has a high attrition resistance as compared to commercially available cracking catalysts.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1990Date of Patent: March 29, 1994Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventor: Julius Scherzer
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Patent number: 5294332Abstract: A process and catalyst are provided for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock to catalytic cracking conversion products comprising the steps of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock at catalytic cracking conditions with a catalytic cracking catalyst. The catalytic cracking catalyst is prepared by modifying a base catalyst comprising a crystalline molecular sieve and a binder by combining the base catalyst with an ion exchange solution comprising at least one trivalent cation, a trivalent cation complexing agent, and a hydroxide-producing component, wherein the ion exchange solution has a pH ranging from about 4 to about 8, and producing an ion exchanged catalyst and excess ion exchange solution. The modified catalyst is then separated from said excess ion exchange solution.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 1992Date of Patent: March 15, 1994Assignee: Amoco CorporationInventor: Marvin R. Klotz
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Patent number: 5259949Abstract: A catalytic cracking composition comprising a physical blend of a cracking catalyst component with alcohol treated Sr(OH).sub.2 and alcohol is used to crack hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks that further contain quantities of vanadium.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1992Date of Patent: November 9, 1993Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Jesse R. Harris, Ping-Chau Liao
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Patent number: 5228980Abstract: A novel shell-coated FCC catalyst is disclosed wherein the shell is a mixture of at least one refractory metal oxide or silicate or precursor thereof (preferably clay) having a particle size of 0.3 to 5 microns and an inorganic refractory binder (preferably silica) having a particle size of less than 0.01 microns and the core is a zeolite-containing microsphere.Type: GrantFiled: October 2, 1991Date of Patent: July 20, 1993Assignee: Engelhard CorporationInventors: David M. Stockwell, Gerald S. Koermer, William M. Jaglowski
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Patent number: 5200058Abstract: A process is provided for effecting catalytic conversion of an organic compound-containing feedstock to conversion product which comprises contacting said feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising an active form of a functionalized inorganic, porous, non-layered crystalline phase having uniformly sized pores of at least about 13, e.g., at least about 15, Angstrom Units in diameter.Type: GrantFiled: June 8, 1992Date of Patent: April 6, 1993Assignee: Mobil Oil Corp.Inventors: Jeffrey S. Beck, David C. Calabro, Sharon B. McCullen, Bruce P. Pelrine, Kirk D. Schmitt, James C. Vartuli
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Patent number: 5196633Abstract: A process is provided for effecting catalytic conversion of an organic compound-containing feedstock to conversion product which comprises contacting said feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising an active form of an inorganic, porous crystalline phase exhibiting, after calcination, a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly-sized pores having diameters of at least about 13, e.g., at least about 15, Angstrom Units and exhibiting a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 1992Date of Patent: March 23, 1993Assignee: Mobil Oil Corp.Inventors: Charles T. Kresge, Michael E. Leonowicz, Wieslaw J. Roth, James C. Vartuli
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Patent number: 5171424Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalytic process for carrying out heavy hydrocarbon conversion, usually, but not necessarily, in the presence of nickel and vanadium on the catalyst and in the feedstock, by catalytic cracking gas oils and heavy carbometallic oils to lighter molecular weight fractions. The process is facilitated by the continuous addition of one or more heavy rare earth additives, including gadolinum, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, and thulium, all having exceptionally high paramagnetic properties, which as they accumulate on aged catalyst, are used to achieve enhanced magnetic separation of aged catalyst. These additives are unusual in that they not only act dramatically as magnetic hooks to assist in removing old, nickel and vanadium poisoned catalyst, but also act to achieve increased activity and improve selectivity of the remaining catalyst, and of equal importance, tend to resist catalyst deactivation.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1990Date of Patent: December 15, 1992Assignee: Ashland Oil, Inc.Inventor: William P. Hettinger
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Patent number: 5160601Abstract: Novel hydrocarbon conversion catalysts and methods for their preparation are disclosed. The catalysts are particularly appropriate for the conversion of hydrocarbon feeds to high octane gasoline, while increasing light cycle oil and decreasing heavy cycle oil yield. The catalyst comprises a zeolite, a cogelled silica-alumina matrix, and clay.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1990Date of Patent: November 3, 1992Assignee: Chevron Research CompanyInventor: Theresa A. Pecoraro
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Patent number: 5131993Abstract: Disclosed is a method for cracking a hydrocarbon material. The method includes introducing a stream including a hydrocarbon fluid and a carrier fluid into a reaction zone. A microwave discharge plasma is continuously maintained within the reaction zone, and in the presence of the hydrocarbon fluid and the carrier fluid. Reaction products of the microwave discharge are collected downstream of the reaction zone.Type: GrantFiled: June 11, 1990Date of Patent: July 21, 1992Assignee: The Univeristy of ConnecticutInventors: Steven L. Suib, Zongchao Zhang
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Patent number: 5126036Abstract: A process and apparatus for regeneration of coked catalyst used in the fluidized cracking of heavy oils is disclosed. A high efficiency catalyst regenerator, with a fast fluidized bed coke combustor, dilute phase transport riser, and second fluidized bed is used but modified so that at least some coked catalyst is added directly to the second fluidized bed. The coked catalyst can be heated by direct contact heat exchange in the second fluidized bed and then charged to the coke combustor, or the coked catalyst can be regenerated in the second fluidized bed, or some combination of both. Adding catalyst to the second fluidized bed increases the coke burning capacity of these regenerators, and/or permits a drier regeneration.Type: GrantFiled: November 5, 1991Date of Patent: June 30, 1992Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Hartley Owen
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Patent number: 5108579Abstract: A zeolite, designated zeolite NU-86, having a molar composition expressed by the formula 100 XO.sub.2 : equal to or less than 10 Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 : equal to less than 20 R.sub.2/n O where R is one or more cations of valency n, X is silicon and/or germanium, Y is one or more of aluminum, iron, gallium, boron, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum, arsenic, antimony, chromium and manganese and having an X-ray diffraction pattern including the lines shown in Table 1 is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising XO.sub.2 (preferably silica), Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 (preferably alumina) and a polymethylene alpha, omega-diammonium cation. This zeolite is a useful catalyst for a variety of reactions.Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 1991Date of Patent: April 28, 1992Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventor: John L. Casci
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Patent number: 5096568Abstract: A zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst having been passivated by treatment with an aqueous solution which has been prepared by mixing an antimony oxide, ammonium bifluoride and water, at an atomic ratio of F:Sb in excess of about 6:1, is used in a process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon-containing feed, in particular one which contains metal impurities. In one embodiment, the above-described aqueous solution is injected into the feed. In other embodiments, the solution is injected into the cracking zone or into a catalyst regeneration zone.Type: GrantFiled: April 8, 1991Date of Patent: March 17, 1992Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Ted H. Cymbaluk, Chia-Min Fu
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Patent number: 5085762Abstract: Emission of noxious nitrogen oxides with the flue gas from the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking plant are reduced by incorporating into the circulating inventory of cracking catalyst separate additive particles that contain a copper-loaded zeolite material having a characteristic structure with a defined X-ray diffraction pattern. The preferred material of this type is zeolite MCM-22. The copper may be exchanged onto the zeolite or impregnated into the catalyst. In addition, the catalyst may include titanium or zirconium to provide stability and further improvements in stability may be obtained with the addition of rareearth metal cations, especially cerium or yttrium. NOX and CO emissions from the regenerator are reduced, and the gasoline produced in the unit may have an improved octane number.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1990Date of Patent: February 4, 1992Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Robert P. L. Absil, Emmerson Bowes, Gary J. Green, David O. Marler, David S. Shihabi, Richard F. Socha
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Patent number: 5064524Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of using cerium and/or cerium containing compounds to passivate nickel contaminants in hydrocarbon feedstocks which are used in catalytic cracking processes.Type: GrantFiled: March 28, 1990Date of Patent: November 12, 1991Assignee: Betz Laboratories, Inc.Inventor: David R. Forester
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Patent number: 5057205Abstract: A catalytic cracking process especially useful for the catalytic cracking of high metals content feeds including resids in which the feed is cracked in the presence of a catalyst additive comprising an alkaline earth metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal spinel, preferably a magnesium aluminate spinel which acts as a trap for vanadium as well as an agent for reducing the content of sulfur oxides in the regenerator flue gas. The additive is used in the form of a separate additive from the cracking catalyst particles in order to keep the vanadium away from the cracking catalyst and so preserve the activity of the catalyst; in addition, use of separate additive particles permits the makeup rate for the additive to be varied relative to that of the cracking catalyst in order to deal with variations in the metals and sulfur content of the cracking feed.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1988Date of Patent: October 15, 1991Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Arthur A. Chin, Ajit V. Sapre, Michael S. Sarli
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Patent number: 5051163Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing the impact of basic compounds, such as nitrogen, on hydrocarbonaceous feed intended for catalytic cracking. In a preferred embodiment, a portion of the regenerated catalyst of a catalytic cracking process is separated and contacted with the hydrocarbonaceous feed at a temperature and for a time sufficient to strongly bind the basic contaminants in the feed with the separated portion of the acid catalyst. The feed is then passed to the catalytic cracking reactor in a slurry with the separated catalyst, resulting in a desirable conversion increase.Type: GrantFiled: January 11, 1990Date of Patent: September 24, 1991Assignee: Chevron Research CompanyInventors: Russell R. Krug, Jarold A. Meyer
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Patent number: 5037530Abstract: There is provided a process for cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks which include large hydrocarbon molecules. Examples of such feedstocks are those which include a large proportion of resids. The catalyst used in this process comprises a layered silicate, such as magadiite, containing interspathic polymeric silica which serves to prop open the layers.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 1989Date of Patent: August 6, 1991Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Garry W. Kirker, Thomas F. Degnan, Jr., Albin Huss, Jr., Michael E. Landis
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Patent number: 5037531Abstract: A catalytic cracking process is disclosed using a catalyst comprising a framework dealuminate Y zeolite, which is rare earth and aluminum exchanged.Type: GrantFiled: October 30, 1989Date of Patent: August 6, 1991Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Robert G. Bundens, Joseph A. Herbst
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Patent number: 5028310Abstract: SO.sub.x in regenerator off gas in a fluid cracking unit is decreased by providing in the regenerator bed, a metal grid bearing a layer of rare earth oxide.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 1989Date of Patent: July 2, 1991Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventors: Roy E. Pratt, David E. Self, Joseph C. Demeter
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Patent number: 5021145Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition useful in treating hydrocarbons contaminated with vanadium residues, the catalyst comprising a zeolite, a matrix and certain heavier alkaline earth metal oxides.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1990Date of Patent: June 4, 1991Assignee: Unilever Patent Holdings B.V.Inventor: Andrew P. Chapple
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Patent number: 5019241Abstract: In a hydrocarbon fluid catalytic cracking process, high concentrations of sodium in the hydrocarbon entering the reactor will poison the reaction sites on the FCC catalysts, thereby reducing the efficiency of the cracking process. The addition of an aluminum compound to the hydrocarbon significantly reduces the poisoning effect of the sodium on the catalyst. The aluminum compound may be selected from the group consisting of aluminum nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum oxide and sulfate salts of aluminum.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1990Date of Patent: May 28, 1991Assignee: Betz Laboratories, Inc.Inventor: David R. Forester
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Patent number: 5015362Abstract: Oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are catalytically reduced by contacting a flue gas contain NO.sub.x with a carbonaceous substance, preferably sponge coke or coal, in the presence of a catalyst effective for promoting the reduction of NO.sub.x in the presence of such carbonaceous substances.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1989Date of Patent: May 14, 1991Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Arthur A. Chin
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Patent number: 5015349Abstract: Disclosed is a method for cracking a hydrocarbon material. The method includes introducing a stream including a hydrocarbon fluid into a reaction zone. A microwave discharge plasma is continuously maintained within the reaction zone, and in the presence of the hydrocarbon fluid. Reaction products of the microwave discharge are collected downstream of the reaction zone.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1989Date of Patent: May 14, 1991Assignee: University of ConnecticutInventors: Steven L. Suib, Zongchao Zhang
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Patent number: 5007997Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-26 is prepared using a hexamethyl [4.3.3.0] propellane-8,11-diammonium cation as a template. Also disclosed is a process for converting hydrocarbons with crystalline zeolite SSZ-26.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1989Date of Patent: April 16, 1991Assignee: Chevron Research CompanyInventors: Stacy I. Zones, Donald S. Santilli, James Ziemer, Dennis L. Holtermann, Theresa A. Pecoraro, Robert A. Innes
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Patent number: 5002654Abstract: A process for regeneration of cracking catalyst while minimizing NO.sub.x emissions is disclosed. A zinc-based DeNO.sub.x catalyst is present in an amount and in a form which reduces NO.sub.x emissions. Relatively small amounts of zinc oxides impregnated on a separate support having little or no cracking activity are preferred. The zinc NO.sub.x reduction catalyst can be a separate particle additive, or can be made in situ by adding a solution or dispersion of zinc or a compound thereof to the cracking unit, or to the hydrocarbon feed to the cracking unit.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1989Date of Patent: March 26, 1991Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Arthur A. Chin
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Patent number: 5002653Abstract: A catalytic cracking process is disclosed employing a dual component cracking catalyst system comprising zeolite as a first component and a mixture of a calcium/magnesium-containing material and a magnesium-containing material as a second component. The preferred calcium/magnesium-containing material is dolomite and the preferred magnesium-containing material is sepiolite.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1989Date of Patent: March 26, 1991Assignee: Chevron Research CompanyInventors: James V. Kennedy, Lawrence W. Jossens
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Patent number: 5000836Abstract: Methods and compounds for inhibiting coke formation in pyrolytic reactors and furnaces are disclosed wherein a molybdenum coke retarding treatment is used. Optionally, but preferably, a boron compound is used in conjunction with the molybdenum to provide optimal coke retarding performance.Type: GrantFiled: September 26, 1989Date of Patent: March 19, 1991Assignee: Betz Laboratories, Inc.Inventor: David R. Forester
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Patent number: 4992161Abstract: Controlling sulfur oxide emissions from FCC regenerator flue gas by mixing a sulfur sorbent in the circulating inventory and having present in the regeneration zone a chromium/tin sulfur dioxide oxidation promoter.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 1988Date of Patent: February 12, 1991Assignee: Chevron Research CompanyInventors: William A. Blanton, Jr., Alan W. Klaassen
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Patent number: 4988432Abstract: A process for regeneration of cracking catalyst while minimizing NO.sub.x emissions is disclosed. A DeNOx additive is present in an amount and in a form which reduces NO.sub.x emissions, but does not passivate metals (such as Ni and V) deposited on the catalyst during the cracking reaction nor CO combustion promoter which may be present. Relatively small amounts of antimony oxides impregnated on a separate support having little or no cracking activity are preferred.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1989Date of Patent: January 29, 1991Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Arthur A. Chin
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Patent number: 4986897Abstract: Oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions are catalytically reduced by contacting a flue gas containing NO.sub.x with ammonia or an ammonia precursor in the presence of a catalyst effective for promoting the reduction of NO.sub.x with ammonia in oxidizing atmospheres, such as those in FCC catalyst regenerators. Bismuth oxides on a support are the preferred NO.sub.x reduction catalyst. The process is especially useful in reducing NO.sub.x emissions from fluidized catalytic cracking units.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1989Date of Patent: January 22, 1991Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Arthur A. Chin
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Patent number: 4980052Abstract: Emission of noxious nitrogen oxides with the flue gas from the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking plant are reduced by incorporating into the circulating inventory of cracking catalyst separate additive particles that contain a copper-loaded zeolite. A particularly effective additive is provided by ion-exchanging ZSM-5 zeolite with cupric ion. With such preferred additive, CO emissions also are reduced, and the recovered gasoline has enhanced octane number.Type: GrantFiled: November 3, 1989Date of Patent: December 25, 1990Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Gary J. Green, David S. Shihabi, Tsoung Y. Yan
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Patent number: 4976847Abstract: Process for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising contacting the feedstock with a catalyst composition comprising a zeolite I having a pore diameter larger than 0.7 nm and a zeolite II having a pore diameter smaller than 0.7 nm, which composition further comprises a dehydrogenating metal or metal component, at catalytic cracking conditions.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 1989Date of Patent: December 11, 1990Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Ian E. Maxwell, Jaydeep Biswass
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Patent number: 4973399Abstract: Emission of noxious nitrogen oxides with the flue gas from the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking plant are reduced by incorporating into the circulating inventory of cracking catalyst separate additive particles that contain a copper-loaded zeolite. A particularly effective additive is provided, for example, by treating a ZSM-5 zeolite in a matrix consisting predominantly of titania, zirconia or a mixture thereof with a solution containing both copper and rare earth cations to incorporate both of these elements with the zeolitic composition.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1989Date of Patent: November 27, 1990Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Gary J. Green, David S. Shihabi, Tsoung Y. Yan
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Patent number: 4971935Abstract: In a catalytic cracking process which includes contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock in a contacting zone in the presence of solid composition containing molecular sieve-containing catalyst capable of promoting hydrocarbon cracking at conditions effective to crack the hydrocarbon feedstock to lower boiling components, the improvement comprising conducting the contacting in the presence of at least one metal component, other than the catalyst, containing calcium and tin. A composition of matter comprising such catalyst and metal component is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: January 8, 1990Date of Patent: November 20, 1990Assignee: UOPInventors: Robert Bartek, Gerald M. Woltermann
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Patent number: 4968406Abstract: A process for increasing the volume of feed throughput to the catalytic cracker by decreasing hydrogen and total gas volume production, under catalytic cracking conditions temperature of 950.degree. F. to about 1150.degree. F., a catalyst to feed ratio of 3:1 to 10:1 and a catalyst contact time of from about 1 to about 20 in the presence of catalyst comprising ZSM-20 and a matrix.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1988Date of Patent: November 6, 1990Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Sadi Mizrahi, James C. Vartuli
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Patent number: 4956075Abstract: The use of a catalyst containing Mn, a large pore crystalline molecular sieve, and optionally rare earths in catalytic cracking is disclosed. This catalyst gives high gasoline selectivity with low coke yields and is suitable for either gas oil or resid cracking applications.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1988Date of Patent: September 11, 1990Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Philip J. Angevine, Robert G. Bundens, Joseph A. Herbst, Albin Huss, Jr., Sadi Mizrahi
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Patent number: 4944865Abstract: A process for cracking high metals content feedstocks which comprises contacting said feedstocks under catalytic cracking conditions with a novel catalytic cracking composition comprising a solid cracking catalyst and a magnesium oxide diluent.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 1986Date of Patent: July 31, 1990Assignee: Chevron Research CompanyInventors: Mario L. Occelli, James V. Kennedy
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Patent number: 4944864Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst suitable for use in a fluid catalytic process and a method of using the catalyst on hydrocarbons containing one or more poison metal of vanadium or nickel to convert the hydrocarbons to lower boiling fractions. The catalyst contains a particulate and substantially water-insoluble strontium compound (in addition to a conventional zeolite and catalyst matrix) which reacts with and traps the metal poison to preserve the structure of the zeolite and, in addition, lowers the coke make and hydrogen production.Type: GrantFiled: March 27, 1989Date of Patent: July 31, 1990Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventor: Edwin L. Kugler
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Patent number: 4938863Abstract: A catalytic cracking catalyst and process which tolerates high levels of vanadium and coke precursors in the feed is disclosed. A zeolite in an alumina free binder or coating, preferably silica, is used as the cracking catalyst. RE-USY in silica is especially preferred as it has a low affinity for vanadium, low coking characteristics and high stability. Preferably a vanadium getter additive is present as separate particles to act as a vanadium sink. The catalyst and process may be used in fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC) or in moving bed catalytic cracking units. A method of making a coated catalyst, by adding a layer of an alumina free material to a core of alumina containing cracking catalyst is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1988Date of Patent: July 3, 1990Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Thomas F. Degnan, Billy K. Huh
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Patent number: 4929336Abstract: A process for reactivating a spent, metal-contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition comprises contacting the spent catalyst composition with an acidified aqueous NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 solution, thereafter with a suitable fluorine compound (preferably dissolved NH.sub.4 F), and, optionally, additionally with an antimony compound. The thus prepared reactivated cracking catalyst composition is used in a process for catalytically cracking a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed.Type: GrantFiled: October 12, 1989Date of Patent: May 29, 1990Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Richard E. Lowery, Chia M. Fu, Michael K. Maholland
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Patent number: 4927522Abstract: A catalytic cracking process and apparatus operates with multiple feed injection points to a riser reactor with several enlarged regions. An elutriable catalyst mixture is used, comprising a conventionally sized cracking catalyst and a faster settling, shape selective additive cracking catalyst. Straight run naphtha, and a light, H.sub.2 -rich aliphatic stream are added to the base of a riser reactor. A resid feed is added higher up in the riser, with a gas oil and recycled heavy cycle oil and naphtha streams added even higher up in the riser. The riser has an elutriating base, and an elutriating upper portion, which increase residence time of the shape selective zeolite additive relative to the conventionally sized cracking catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: December 30, 1988Date of Patent: May 22, 1990Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Joseph A. Herbst, Hartley Owen, Paul H. Schipper
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Patent number: 4919787Abstract: An improved method for passivating metals in a hydrocarbon feedstock during catalytic cracking has been discovered. The method involves contacting the feedstock with a passivating agent comprising a precipitated porous rare earth oxide, alumina, and aluminum phosphate precipitate. The passivating agent may be coated on a cracking catalyst, be part of the matrix of a cracking catalyst, or be added to the cracking operation as discrete particles.Type: GrantFiled: April 7, 1989Date of Patent: April 24, 1990Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Arthur W. Chester, Pochen Chu, Albin Huss, Jr., Garry W. Kirker
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Patent number: 4913801Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of using cerium and/or cerium contaning compounds to passivate nickel contaminants in hydrocarbon feedstocks which are used in catalytic cracking processes.Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 1988Date of Patent: April 3, 1990Assignee: Betz Laboratories, Inc.Inventor: David R. Forester
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Patent number: 4900428Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks containing relatively high levels of vanadium contaminants are converted by catalytic cracking to products of lower average molecular weight by contacting the feedstock with a catalyst comprising (1) a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite dispersed in a matrix and (2) a vanadium passivating agent selected from the group consisting of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium and compounds thereof. The passivating agent is present in the catalyst in an amount greater than about 1.0 weight percent, calculated as the oxide of the vanadium passivating agent and based on the carbon-free weight of the catalyst. The passivating agent is also present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the passivating agent to any lanthanum present in the catalyst, calculated based on the respective oxides, is greater than about 1.0. The total weight of all rare earths present in the catalyst is greater than about 2.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 1986Date of Patent: February 13, 1990Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventor: Zoltan C. Mester
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Patent number: 4898662Abstract: A catalytic cracking process is disclosed in which octane improvement is attained by the addition to conventional cracking catalysts of small amounts of additive catalyst comprising a class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a Constraint Index of about 1 to 12 bound in a matrix chosen such that the matrix component forms a thermodynamically favored compound with selected cations. Sustained catalytic activity is achieved by pre-exchanging the catalyst to a high level of selected cation loading. By extending the active life of the additive catalyst, markedly lower makeup catalyst addition rates are required.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1988Date of Patent: February 6, 1990Assignee: Mobil Oil Corp.Inventors: Pochen Chu, Sadi Mizrahi
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Patent number: 4897179Abstract: A method of producing reduced iron and light oil from iron ore and heavy oil which comprises a thermal cracking step of subjecting heavy oil to thermal cracking while retaining iron ore particles in a fluidized state to produce light oil and simultaneously to deposit coke as by-product on the surface of the iron ore particles; a gasification step of putting the coke-deposited ore in contact with an oxidizing gas including steam and oxygen in a fluidized state to react the coke with the gas thereby to produce a reducing gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide and of heating the coke-deposited ore upward of a reduction temperature of iron ore by partial oxidization of the coke; and a reduction step of reducing the coke-deposited iron ore in a fluidized state by the reducing gas to produce reduced iron. When the gasification step is performed by an oxidizing gas containing a majority of steam and up to 15 vol. %, based on the steam, of oxygen at 800.degree.-1000.degree. C. under a pressure of 0-10 kg/cm.sup.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1986Date of Patent: January 30, 1990Assignee: Jyushitsuyu Taisaku Gijutsu KenkyukumiaiInventors: Kenji Mori, Katsuhiko Tsuzura, Mamoru Onoda, Ryo Watanabe, Takehiko Ashie, Yoshifumi Kameoka, Katsufumi Shinohara, Atsuhiko Nakanishi