Abstract: A process for producing a kerosene base fuel according to the present invention comprises removing paraffins having carbon number of 7 or less from a first fraction having an initial boiling point of 95 to 140° C. and a final boiling point of 240 to 280° C. obtained from a hydrotreated oil of a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil to obtain a second fraction having a content of paraffins having carbon number of 7 or less of 0.1 to 0.7% by mass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of diesel fuel bases comprising a sulfur content that is less than 100 ppm, starting from a feedstock that is obtained from a renewable source, comprising the following stages: a) A stage for bringing the feedstock into contact with a fixed-bed hydrotreatment catalyst for producing an effluent that comprises a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen and a hydrocarbon-based liquid fraction, d) A stage for bringing into contact at least one portion of the hydrocarbon-based liquid fraction in the presence of a selective hydroisomerization catalyst in a fixed bed, e) A stage for separating the effluent that is obtained from stage d) into a gaseous fraction that comprises hydrogen and at least one diesel-fuel-based fraction.

Abstract: A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stoichiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

Abstract: The invention provides a fully synthetic aviation fuel or aviation fuel component having: a total naphthenic content of more than 30 mass %, a mass ratio of naphthenic to iso-paraffinic hydrocarbon species of more than 1 and less than 15, a density (at 15° C.) of greater than 0.775 g·cm-3, but less than 0.850 g·cm-3, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of greater than 8 mass %, but less than 20 mass %, a freezing point of less than ?47° C., a lubricity BOCLE WSD value of less than 0.85 mm. The invention further provides for the preparation of a fully synthetic coal-derived aviation fuel or aviation fuel component by blending a LFTF and a tar derived blend component. The invention extends to a method of producing a coal-derived, fully synthetic aviation fuel or aviation fuel component from coal gasifier tar and an LTLF derived fraction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas oil composition for winter use, which can achieve environment load reduction, excellent low-temperature properties and low fuel consumption all together. The gas oil composition comprises on the basis of the total mass thereof, an FT synthetic base oil and/or a hydrotreated animal or vegetable oil with specific characteristics in an amount of 70 percent by volume or more and 98 percent by volume or less, a petroleum base oil with specific characteristics in an amount of 2 percent by volume or more and 30 percent by volume or less and a cold flow improver comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and/or a compound with a surface active effect.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrocarbon tar. The tar has 75 wt % or more of aromatics of 10 carbons to 75 carbons based on the total weight of the tar. The aromatics exhibit 40% to 80% aromaticity. The tar has a boiling point of from 300° F. to 1350° F. There is also a fuel oil composition having the tar therein. There are also processes for making the hydrocarbon tar.

Abstract: A synthetic fuel formula using a blend of High Density Synthetic (HDS) (e.g. Decalin and Tetralin), and Low Density Synthetic (LDS) (e.g. Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene—SPK) is disclosed. This HDS and LDS blend has been shown to be useful as a jet, rocket and diesel fuel of standard density, and under low temperature conditions. The inventions described herein relate to 100% synthetic hydrocarbon fuels derived from various carbonaceous materials such as, but not limited to, biomass, municipal waste, natural gas, and coal. This 100% synthetic fuel can be universally used for both jet and diesel fuels. It meets Joint Battlefield Use Fuel of the Future (J-BUFF), or Single Battlefield Fuel (SBF) strategic requirements. The commercial advantage of the present invention is that it can be prepared from commercial available fuel stocks or co-processed using currently available chemical processes.

Abstract: A fuel composition having a boiling range of between 95 to 440 degrees Fahrenheit wherein the fuel composition has (a) a total sum of n-paraffins and naphthenes content of at least 7 volume percent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas oil composition for use in a diesel engine containing an FT synthetic base oil and having a sulfur content of 5 ppm by mass or less, an oxygen content of 100 ppm by mass or less, a bulk modulus of 1250 MPa or greater and 1450 MPa or less, a saybolt color of +22 or greater, a lubricity of 400 ?m or less, an initial boiling point of 140° C. or higher and an end point of 380° C. or lower in distillation characteristics, wherein: (1) the cetane number in a fraction range of lower than 200° C. is 20 or greater and less than 40; (2) the cetane number in a fraction range of 200° C. or higher and lower than 280° C. is 30 or greater and less than 60; and (3) the cetane number in a fraction range of 280° C. or higher is 50 or greater.

Abstract: We provide an extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45), comprising a hydrogenated conjunct polymer naphtha, from a used ionic liquid catalyst, having a final boiling point less than 246° C. (475° F.), a Bromine Number of 5 or less, and at least 30 wt % naphthenes. We also provide a blended alkylate gasoline (97) comprising the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45), and integrated alkylation processes to make the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45) and the blended alkylate gasoline (97). We also provide a method to analyze alkylate products, by determining an amount of methylcyclohexane in the alkylate products (80).

Abstract: Methods are provided for qualifying jet fuel fractions that are derived at least in part from pre-refined crude oil sources. The methods allow for determination of the stability of a jet fuel product over time by using an accelerated aging test. The methods are beneficial for verifying the stability of a jet fuel fraction that includes a portion derived from a pre-refined crude oil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydroprocessed product that can be produced by hydroprocessing tar, such as a tar obtained from hydrocarbon pyrolysis. The invention also relates to methods for producing such a hydroprocessed product, and the use of such a product, e.g., as a fuel oil blending component.

Abstract: A crude product composition is provided comprising hydrocarbons that have a boiling range distribution between about 30° C. and 538° C. (1,000° F.) at 0.101 MPa, the hydrocarbons comprising iso-paraffins and n-paraffins with a weight ratio of the iso-paraffins to n-paraffins of at most 1.4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas oil composition that can achieve environment load reduction, low temperature properties and low fuel consumption all together and is suitably used in a winter season. The gas oil composition comprises an Ft synthetic base oil in an amount of 60 percent by mass or more on the basis of the total mass of the composition and has a sulfur content of 5 ppm by mass or less, an aromatic content of 10 percent by volume or less, an oxygen content of 100 ppm or less, an end point of 360° C. or lower, an insoluble content after an oxidation stability test of 0.5 mg/100 mL or less, an HFRR wear scar diameter (WS1.4) of 400 ?m or smaller and a specific relation in normal paraffin contents and the total content thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas oil composition that can achieve environment load reduction, low temperature properties and low fuel consumption all together and is suitably used in a winter season. The gas oil composition comprises an FT synthetic base oil in an amount of 60 percent by mass or more on the basis of the total mass of the composition and has a sulfur content of 5 ppm by mass or less, an aromatic content of 10 percent by volume or less, an oxygen content of 100 ppm or less, an end point of 360° C. or lower, an insoluble content after an oxidation stability test of 0.5 mg/100 mL or less, an HFRR wear scar diameter (WS1.4) of 400 ?m or smaller and a specific relation in normal paraffin contents and the total content thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas oil composition for use in a diesel engine with a geometric compression ratio of 16 or less, equipped with a supercharger and an EGR, containing an FT synthetic base oil and having a sulfur content of 5 ppm by mass or less, an oxygen content of 100 ppm by mass or less, a bulk modulus of 1250 MPa or greater and 1450 MPa or less, a saybolt color of +22 or greater, a lubricity of 400 ?m or less, an initial boiling point of 140° C. or higher and an end point of 380° C. or lower in distillation characteristics, and the following characteristics (1) to (3) in each fraction range wherein: (1) the cetane number in a fraction range of lower than 200° C. is 40 or greater and less than 60; (2) the cetane number in a fraction range of 200° C. or higher and lower than 280° C. is 60 or greater and less than 80; and (3) the cetane number in a fraction range of 280° C. or higher is 50 or greater.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas oil composition that can achieve environment load reduction, low temperature properties and low fuel consumption all together and is suitably used in a winter season. The gas oil composition comprises an Ft synthetic base oil in an amount of 60 percent by mass or more on the basis of the total mass of the composition and has a sulfur content of 5 ppm by mass or less, an aromatic content of 10 percent by volume or less, an oxygen content of 100 ppm or less, an end point of 360° C. or lower, an insoluble content after an oxidation stability test of 0.5 mg/100 mL or less, an HFRR wear scar diameter (WS1.4) of 400 ?m or smaller and a specific relation in normal paraffin contents and the total content thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to low sulfur marine/bunker fuel compositions and methods of making same. Contrary to conventional marine/bunker fuel compositions/methods, the inventive lower sulfur compositions/methods focus on use of mostly uncracked components, such as (cat feed) hydrotreated gasoils, and/or can also have reduced contents of residual components.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a crude product composition comprising hydrocarbons having a boiling range distribution of from 30° C. to 538° C., the crude product composition having, per gram of crude product composition, from 0.01 grams to 0.2 grams of hydrocarbons having a boiling range distribution of at most 204° C., where olefins comprise at least 0.02 grams per gram of the hydrocarbons having a boiling range distribution of at most 204° C., and from 0.000001 grams to 0.05 grams of hydrocarbons having a boiling range distribution of greater than 538° C.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a crude composition comprising hydrocarbons having a boiling range distribution of from 30° C. to 538° C., the crude composition having, per gram of crude composition, from 0.01 grams to 0.2 grams of hydrocarbon having a boiling range distribution of at most 204° C., where benzene comprises at most 0.005 grams per gram of the hydrocarbons having a boiling range distribution of at most 204° C., and from 0.000001 grams to 0.05 grams of hydrocarbons having a boiling range distribution of greater than 538° C.

Abstract: Method and plant for converting hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a shale oil, comprising a step of decontaminating, a step of hydroconverting in an ebullating bed, a step of fractionating into a light fraction, a naphtha fraction, a gas-oil fraction and a fraction heavier than the gas-oil fraction, the naphtha and gas-oil fractions being hydrotreated, the fraction heavier than the gas-oil fraction being conveyed to the decontaminating step. The method aims to maximize the yield of fuel bases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Fischer-Tropsch derived aviation fuel, which fuel is used either as a fuel on its own or as a component in an aviation fuel blend, said fuel having an iso:n paraffins mass ratio above 3, at least 0.1 mass % naphthenes, <0.01 mass % polyaromatics, and <0.5 mass % aromatics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a diesel fuel base stock improved in low-temperature flowability, including: fractionating in a first fractionator a synthetic oil obtained by Fisher-Tropsch synthesis into at least two fractions of a first middle fraction containing a component having a boiling range corresponding to diesel fuel oil, and a wax fraction containing a wax component heavier than the first middle fraction; hydroisomerizing the first middle fraction by bringing the first middle fraction into contact with a hydroisomerizing catalyst to produce a hydroisomerized middle fraction; hydrocracking the wax fraction by bringing the wax fraction into contact with a hydrocracking catalyst to produce a wax-decomposition component; and fractionating in a second fractionator a mixture of the produced hydroisomerized middle fraction and the produced wax-decomposition component, wherein rectification conditions in the first fractionator and/or rectification conditions in the second fractionator are adjusted

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for producing a naphtha product from a renewable feedstock. The method includes hydrotreating the renewable feedstock to produce a hydrotreating unit heavy fraction that includes n-paraffins, and hydrocracking the hydrotreating unit heavy fraction to produce a hydrocracking unit product that includes the naphtha product. The method also includes separating the naphtha fraction and optionally recycling the hydrocracking unit heavy fraction through the hydrocracking unit. The present invention also relates to a biorenewable naphtha product suitable for use as feed stock for steam crackers and catalytic reforming units, and for use as fuel, or fuel blend stock.

Abstract: A method and a product made by treating a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed, e.g., heavy crude asphaltene reduction is disclosed herein. The method comprises the steps of: mixing the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed with a hydrogen donor solvent and an acidified silica to form a mixture and oxidizing the sulfur in the mixture at a temperature between 50° C. and 210° C., wherein the oxidation lowers the amount sulfur in the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed by at least 90%.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions.

Abstract: A diesel fuel based on a blend of a diesel fuel derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process, and a mineral oil based diesel fuel having a sulfur content of less than 100 ppmw; and a method of operating a diesel engine, which method involves combusting such diesel fuel in the diesel engine.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a spent ionic liquid catalyst including (a) applying a voltage across one or more pairs of electrodes immersed in a spent ionic liquid catalyst comprising conjunct polymer-metal halide complexes to provide freed conjunct polymers and a regenerated ionic liquid catalyst; and (b) separating the freed conjunct polymers from the regenerated ionic liquid catalyst is described. An alkylation process incorporating the regeneration process is also described.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to methods for making fuels from biomass comprising triglyceride species, whereby the biomass is subjected to partial hydrodeoxygenation and (optionally) catalytic isomerization. The partial-hydrodeoxygenation of the triglyceride species produces a fuel that retains some oxygenates for enhanced lubricity.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a process of increasing the cetane number rating of a diesel oil feedstock. The process involves reacting a diesel fuel feedstock in liquid form with ozone in gaseous form in the presence of an alcohol having two or more carbon atoms and at least one polar solvent different from the alcohol, thereby forming an ozonated diesel oil containing oxidized byproducts, wherein the alcohol and said polar solvent are employed in amounts totaling no more than about 10 vol. % of the feedstock. The oxidized byproducts are then separated from the ozontated diesel oil to produce a hydrocarbon product of increased cetane number rating relative to the feedstock oil. The product can be used as a diesel fuel or as a diesel fuel extender mixed with conventional diesel fuel of low cetane number.

Abstract: Formulated jet turbine fuels and methods of forming the same are described herein including a method of manufacturing a jet turbine fuel that includes hydrocarbon fluids.

Abstract: A catalyst for the desulfurization and deodorization of gasoline, which is expressed by the formula: QlBmHn[AxMyOz](1+m+n)?, where: Q denotes a quaternary ammonium cation consisting of R1R2R3R4N+, in which R1, R2, R3, and R4 each denotes independently a C1 to C20 saturated alkyl group, respectively, provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 denotes a C4 to C20 saturated alkyl group; B denotes a metal cation of Na+ or/and K+; H denotes a hydrogen atom; A denotes a central atom of B, P, As, Si or Al; M denotes a coordinated atom of W or Mo; O denotes an oxygen atom; 1?l?10, 0?m?3, 0?n?3, l+m+n?14, x=1 or 2, 9?y?18, 34?z?62, and l, m, n, y and z all are integers. A method of the desulfurization and deodorization of gasoline by using the catalyst comprises the steps of: mixing the catalyst and an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, and then adding the gasoline to react them with stirring under conditions of 25 to 90° C. and 0.1 to 1 MPa for 10 to 180 min.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions.

Abstract: A diesel fuel based on a blend of a diesel fuel derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process, and a mineral oil based diesel fuel having a sulfur content of less than 100 ppmw; and a method of operating a diesel engine, which method involves combusting such diesel fuel in the diesel engine.

Abstract: A method of preparing an FT derived diesel composition wherein the FT derived diesel composition has a good response to CFPP improving additives, which good response is achieved by addition of one or more of a FT recycle stream, a crude-oil derived diesel fuel, and a HGO (Heavy Gas Oil) to an FT derived diesel thereby to improve the CFPP improving additive response thereof.

Abstract: A method of affecting soot particulate size in an internal combustion engine exhaust by selectively providing a phosphorous based additive to the engine during combustion. Soot particulate size can be increased or decreased depending on the particular additive provided. Also disclosed in a conditioning effect experienced by using a phosphorous based additive for a period of time. A conditioned engine can also have its exhaust properties affected during the life of its conditioned state. Manipulating particle size during engine operation can employ an oligomeric phosphorous compound. Engine conditioning can employ a monomeric phosphorous containing compound, an oligomeric phosphorous containing compound, a polymeric phosphorous containing compound, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides for methods, compositions and systems using bioisoprene derived from renewable carbon for production of a variety of hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives.

Abstract: A process to prepare an aviation fuel and an automotive gas oil from a source of mineral derived gas oil is provided. From the mineral derived gas oil a low boiling fraction is isolated for use as an aviation fuel or as an aviation fuel component and the remaining part of the mineral derived gas oil is blended with a Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene fraction and/or a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction to obtain a blend suited for use as at least part of an automotive gas oil.

Abstract: Pyrolysis oil is upgraded by evaporating water from a mixture of the pyrolysis oil and a hydrocarbon having an atmospheric boiling point of at least 130° C. The method yields a de-watered pyrolysis oil mixture.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuel oil with paraffins as the main constituent for use in fuel cell systems is provided having (1) paraffins of less than 13 carbons constitute not less than 60% by mass; (2) isoparaffins of 15 or more carbons constitute from 0.01 to 9% by mass; and (3) normal paraffins of 13 or more carbons constitute not more than 2% by mass. Also, in addition to the aforementioned compositions (1) to (3), it is preferable if isoparaffins of 17 or more carbons constitute not more than 3% by mass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonization, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.

Abstract: A crude product composition is provided. The crude product composition contains from 0.001 wt. % to 5 wt. % residue. The crude product composition contains hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the ranges of at most 204° C., from 204° C. to 300° C., from 300° C. to 400° C., and from 400° C. to 538° C. The hydrocarbons boiling in a range of at most 204° C. comprise paraffins, where the paraffins comprise iso-paraffins and n-paraffins, and the weight ratio of iso-paraffins to n-paraffins is at most 1.4.

Abstract: A process for selective removal of mercaptan from aviation turbine fuel feed includes mixing aviation turbine fuel feed with hydrogen, at a pressure in a range from 3 bar to 20 bar to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is heated at a temperature range of 150° C. to 350° C. to obtain a heated mixture. The heated mixture is reacted with a hydrotreating catalyst in a rector to obtain a reactor effluent, and H2S gas is stripped from the reactor effluent to obtain a stripper bottom product. Moisture is removed from the stripper bottom product to obtain aviation turbine fuel product having less than 10 ppm mercaptan. The aviation fuel product has improved properties such as color and acidity. Embodiments also relate to an aviation turbine fuel product having less than 10 ppm mercaptan prepared by the described process of the present invention.

Abstract: A process comprising regenerating a used ionic liquid catalyst, recovering conjunct polymer from the regenerated catalyst and using at least a portion of the conjunct polymer is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions.

Abstract: Method of contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst that includes one or more metals from Column 6 of the Periodic Table and/or one or more compounds of one or more metals from Column 6 of the Periodic Table and a support. The support comprises from 0.01 grams to 0.2 gram of silica and from 0.80 grams to 0.99 grams of alumina per gram of support. The catalyst has a surface area of at least 340 m2/g, a pore size distribution with a median pore diameter of at most 100 ?, and at least 80% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter of at most 300 ? or the catalyst exhibits one or more peaks between 35 degrees and 70 degrees, and at least one of the peaks has a base width of at least 10 degrees, as determined by x-ray diffraction at 2-theta.

Abstract: A process is described for hydroconversion of a mixture of organic oils of different origins in a conventional hydrotreatment unit, constituted by at least two catalyst beds, under moderately severe process conditions to obtain diesel fuel oil. The process includes injection of a stream of oil of animal or plant origin, with independently adjusted flow rates, from the second catalyst bed of the hydrotreatment unit onwards, in accordance with the variations in temperature observed in each of the catalyst beds after the first bed. The process is applicable to conventional hydrotreatment units, and makes it possible to overcome the effects of the highly exothermic nature of hydroconversion reactions in oils of animal and/or plant origin in hydrotreatment process for obtaining specified diesel fuel oil.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a (1) sulfur content of less than 10 ppm; (2) a flash point of greater than 50° C.; (3) a UV absorbance, Atotal, of less than 1.5 as determined by the formula comprising Atotal=Ax+10(Ay) wherein Ax is the UV absorbance at 272 nanometers; and wherein Ay is the UV absorbance at 310 nanometers; (4) a naphthene content of greater than 5 percent; (5) a cloud point of less than ?12° C.; (6) a nitrogen content of less than 10 ppm; and (7) a 5% distillation point of greater than 300 F and a 95% distillation point of greater than 600 F.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide hydrocarbon additives and methods of making and using the same. The additives are suitable for use in conjunction with gasifiers, furnaces, or other high-temperature vessels. The additives may be part of an input stream to a reaction vessel of a hydrocarbon gasifier. The additives may include materials that at least partially reduce the infiltration of slag into the refractory material.

Abstract: A process for producing a blended fuel from a paraffin rich component and a cyclic rich component, where each of the components are generated from a renewable feedstock, is presented. The paraffin rich component is generated from glycerides and free fatty acids in feedstocks such as plant and animal oils. The cyclic rich component is generated from biomass derived pyrolysis oil. The source of the animal or plant oil and the biomass may be the same renewable source.