Abstract: A process for the removal of sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the process includes extractive distillation of a gasoline stream from a fluid catalytic cracker to reject olefins to a raffinate stream and simultaneously extract sulfur compounds to an extract stream.

Abstract: Described herein is a combined process for improved hydrotreating of diesel fuels, in which the feed to be hydrotreated is pretreated with a selective adsorbent prior to the hydrotreating step to remove polar materials, especially nitrogen containing compounds (N-compounds). The selective adsorption process can employ either liquid or solid adsorbents. After contact of the adsorbent with the diesel fuel feed, the adsorbent containing undesired polar compounds is separated from the diesel fuel. The separated adsorbent is then subjected to a two step procedure for regeneration.

Abstract: Savings in the processing of a naphtha boiling range feed containing a thiophene are achieved by fractionating the feed stream in a single dividing wall column to yield a C6-minus overhead stream, a side-draw containing the majority of the C6 and C7 paraffins and olefins, and a bottoms stream comprising C7 and heavier hydrocarbons. A dividing wall column provides better control of the concentration of both thiophene and toluene in the side-draw. Less of the valuable naphtha is lost and the amount of thiophene in the overhead product is minimized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of gasoline with a low sulfur content that comprises at least one selective hydrogenation of diolefins, optionally at least one stage for transformation, preferably to increase their weight, for light sulfur-containing compounds that are present in the gasoline, at least one fractionation of the gasoline that is obtained into at least two fractions: light gasoline and heavy gasoline, then optionally a stage for transformation, preferably for alkylation or adsorption, of sulfur-containing compounds and a desulfurization treatment in a stage of at least a portion of the heavy fraction.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and chemical streams. The stream is passed through at least one reaction zone countercurrent to the flow of a hydrogen-containing treat gas, and through at least one sorbent zone. The reaction zone contains a bed of Group VIII metal-containing hydrodesulfurization catalyst and the sorbent zone contains a bed of hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and hydrotreating of a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream is first subjected to simultaneous thioetherification and fractionation to remove the mercaptans the light fraction and then to simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and splitting of the remainder into an intermediate boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha. The three boiling range naphthas are treated separately according to the amount of sulfur in each cut and the end use of each fraction.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon employs a solid membrane. A feed stream is provided containing a feed liquid hydrocarbon and a feed sulfur species and a sweep stream is provided containing a sweep liquid hydrocarbon. A relatively large quantity of the feed stream is conveyed past one side of the solid membrane, while a relatively small quantity of the sweep stream is conveyed past the opposite side of the solid membrane. The feed sulfur species is transported in a permeate from the feed stream through the solid membrane to the sweep stream. As a result, the feed stream is converted to a relatively large quantity of a substantially sulfur-free reject stream containing a primary hydrocarbon product, while the sweep stream combines with the permeate to produce a relatively small quantity of a sulfur-enriched stream, which is amenable to further processing.

Abstract: A petroleum processing method comprising the steps of: performing an atmospheric distillation of crude oil; collectively hydrodesulfurizing the resultant distillates consisting of gas oil and fractions whose boiling point is lower than that of gas oil in a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 310 to 370° C. under 30 to 70 kg/cm2G (first hydrogenation step); and further performing hydrodesulfurization at lower temperatures (second hydrogenation step). When the second hydrogenation step is carried out only for the heavy naphtha obtained by separating the distillates after the first hydrogenation step, the second hydrogenation temperature can be in the range of 250 to 400° C.

Abstract: A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which includes sulfur-containing impurities. The feedstock is contacted with an olefin-modification catalyst in a reaction zone under conditions which are effective to produce an intermediate product which has a reduced amount of olefinic unsaturation relative to that of the feedstock as measured by bromine number. The intermediate product is then separated into fractions of different volatility, and the lowest boiling fraction is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen under conditions which are effective to convert at least a portion of its sulfur-containing impurities to hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which includes sulfur-containing impurities. The feedstock is contacted with an olefin-modification catalyst in a reaction zone under conditions which are effective to produce an intermediate product which has a reduced amount of olefinic unsaturation relative to that of the feedstock as measured by bromine number. The intermediate product is then contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen under conditions which are effective to convert at least a portion of its sulfur-containing impurities to hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and treating of a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream is first subjected to simultaneous thioetherification or selective hydrogenation and splitting into a light boiling range naphtha, an intermediate boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha. The intermediate boiling range naphtha containing thiophene and thiophene boiling range mercaptans, dienes or mixtures may be subjected to a second thioetherification or selective hydrogenation, depending on its make-up, and then passed on to a polishing hydrodesulfurization reactor or the entire intermediate stream may be passed directly to the polishing reactor. The bottoms are subjected to concurrent hydrodesulfurization and fractional distillation and the combined overheads and bottoms are fed to the polishing reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for forming a low-sulfur motor gasoline and the product made therefrom. In one embodiment, process involves separating a catalytically cracked naphtha into at least a light fraction boiling below about 165° F. and a heavy fraction boiling above about 165° F. The light fraction is treated to remove sulfur by a non-hydrotreating method, and the heavy fraction is hydrotreated to remove sulfur to a level of less than about 100 ppm.

Abstract: During the hydrotreating process, hydrogen sulfide and short chain hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane are formed. The separation of gas from hydrotreated liquid hydrocarbons is achieved using a stripper and a flash drum. High pressure steam or nitrogen is contacted with the hydrotreated liquid hydrocarbon material. This high pressure steam strips the volatiles, i.e., hydrogen, the volatile hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, and the like, from the oil. The gaseous stream is then separated and cooled to remove condensables, including primarily water, short chain hydrocarbons, and hydrogen sulfide in the water. The condensables are advantageously sent to the gasifier, where the hydrocarbons are gasified, the water moderates the gasifier temperature and increases the yield of hydrogen, and where hydrogen sulfide is routed with the produced synthesis gas to the acid gas removal process.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for reducing the sulfur content of a hydrocarbon feedstock to a value of less than about 200 ppm, comprising optionally subjecting a catalyst comprising a Group VIB metal component, a Group VIII metal component, and an S-containing organic additive to a sulfidation step and/or activation step, and contacting a feedstock with a 95% boiling point of about 450° C. or less with the optionally sulfided and/or activated catalyst under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure to form a product with a sulfur content of less than about 200 ppm, preferably less than about 50 ppm.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a cobalt compound, a molybdenum compound, and a SAPO molecular sieve is used to hydrodesulfurize a hydrocarbon feed containing organic sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Electrical oils having improved uninhibited oxidation and electrical resistance are derived by blending a substantially nitrogen and sulfur free paraffinic or naphthenic base oil with a hydrofined light gas oil having a sulfur to nitrogen weight ratio of greater than 100:1 wherein the hydrofined light gas oil is added to the base oil in an amount sufficient to provide a blend having greater than about 0.03 wt % sulfur.

Abstract: A petroleum processing method comprising the steps of: performing an atmospheric distillation of crude oil; collectively hydrodesulfurizing the resultant distillates consisting of gas oil and fractions whose boiling point is lower than that of gas oil in a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 310 to 370° C. under 30 to 70 kg/cm2G (first hydrogenation step); and further performing hydrodesulfurization at lower temperatures (second hydrogenation step). When the second hydrogenation step is carried out only for the heavy naphtha obtained by separating the distillates after the first hydrogenation step, the second hydrogenation temperature can be in the range of 250 to 400° C. The hydrodesulfurization having been performed for each of gas oil, kerosene, heavy naphtha and light naphtha in the art can be collectively and efficiently carried out, so that the oil refinery plant can be simplified and so that the cost of oil refinery equipment and running cost can be reduced.

Abstract: Catalyst activation of a platinum reforming catalyst system contained in a multiple reactor system by simultaneously reducing the catalyst with hydrogen while introducing a nonmetallic chlorine-containing compound into a reactor of the multiple reactor system in an amount to provide from about 0.05 to about 0.3 weight percent chlorine on the catalyst and thereafter purging the system with about 100 to about 50,000 cubic feet of hydrogen per cubic foot of catalyst resulting in a reforming system having increased activity and providing enhanced RON values with reduced cracking of feedstock.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods for conversion of hydrocarbon feed streams into liquid products. One embodiment of an apparatus includes a pressure vessel that contains a synthesis gas production device, a synthesis gas conditioning device and a synthesis gas conversion device wherein the synthesis gas production device and the synthesis gas conditioning device are nested within the synthesis gas conversion device. One embodiment of a method includes providing a hydrocarbon feed stream and producing a synthesis gas stream from the hydrocarbon feed stream in a synthesis gas production device. Subsequently, the synthesis gas stream is conditioned by removing heat from the synthesis gas stream through a first hollow body into a reactant feed stream that is then fed into the synthesis gas production device. Finally, the synthesis gas stream is converted to form a liquid product stream.

Abstract: A hydrotreatment process is carried out in at least two steps to hydrotreat a heavy hydrocarbon fraction containing asphaltenes, sulphur-containing impurities and metallic impurities, comprising a first hydrodemetallization step and a subsequent second hydrodesulphurization step, in which the hydrodemetallization step comprises one or more hydrodemetallization zones with fixed beds preceded by at least two hydrodemetallization guard zones (A) and (B), also with fixed beds, disposed in series for cyclic use consisting of successive repetition of steps b) and c) defined below.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock containing C5 olefins, C5 diolefins, CPD, DCPD, and aromatics is processed by the steps of heating a hydrocarbon feedstock containing CPD, DCPD, C5 diolefins, benzene, toluene, and xylene in a heating zone, to dimerize CPD to DCPD, thereby forming a first effluent; separating the first effluent into a C6+ stream and a C5 diolefin stream; separating the C6+ stream into a C6-C9 stream and a C10+ stream; separating the C10+ stream into a fuel oil stream and a DCPD stream; and hydrotreating the C6-C9 stream to thereby form a BTX stream.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing cleaner fuels, in which NPC (Natural Polar Compounds), naturally existing in small quantities within various petrolic hydrocarbon fractions, are removed from the petrolic hydrocarbon fractions ranging, in boiling point, from 110 to 560° C. and preferably from 200 to 400° C., in advance of catalytic hydroprocessing. The removal of NPC improves the efficiency of the catalytic process and produces environment-friendly products, such as diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 50 ppm (wt) or lower. Also, the NPC can be used to improve fuel lubricity.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams over noble metal-containing catalysts under relatively mild conditions. The noble metal is selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, and polymetallics thereof. The catalyst system also contains a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for treating a full boiling range naphtha is disclosed in which the mercaptans and diolefins are removed simultaneously in a debutanizer distillation column reactor. The mercaptans are reacted with the diolefins to form sulfides which are higher boiling than the C4 and lighter portion of the naphtha which is taken as overheads. The higher boiling sulfides are removed as bottoms along with any C5 and heavier materials. The bottoms are preferably taken to a splitter where a portion is taken as overheads and a heavier portion is recovered with the sulfides. This reduced volume of naphtha may be hydrogenated to convert the sulfides to H2S and diolefins, which may be hydrogenated to olefins and alkanes.

Abstract: A three stage hydroprocessing process includes two liquid and one vapor reaction stages, both of which produce an effluent comprising liquid and vapor. Both vapor effluents comprise vaporized hydrocarbonaceous material. Fresh hydrogen is used for the hydroprocessing in both liquid stages. The second stage liquid effluent comprises the product liquid. The first stage liquid effluent is the feed for the second stage. The first stage vapor effluent is hydroprocessed in the vapor stage and then cooled to condense and recover at least a portion of the processed vapor as additional product liquid.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams and the saturation of aromatics over noble metal-containing catalysts under relatively mild conditions. The noble metal is selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh and polymetallics thereof. The catalyst system also contains a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for hydrodesulfurization of a sulfur-containing petroleum hydrocarbon diesel gas oil comprising; hydrodesulfurizing a sulfur-containing petroleum hydrocarbon diesel gas oil feedstock, separating the hydrodesulfurized diesel gas oil feedstock into light and heavy fractions by distillation, hydrodesulfurizing further the separated heavy fraction, and mixing the further hydrodesulfurized heavy fraction and the separated light fraction into the hydrocarbon diesel gas oil.

Abstract: An integrated residuum hydroconversion process which includes a residuum hydrotreater and a desulfurized oil hydrocracker produces high quantities of high quality middle distillate fuels. Distillate range products from the residuum hydrotreater are hydrocracked, while catalyst fouling from heavy aromatics present in the hydrotreated products is minimized. The process includes a single hydrogen supply and recovery loop for increased cost and energy savings.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds and the ring opening of ring compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams. The process is conducted in the presence of hydrogen, one or more noble metal catalysts, and a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of sulphur content in a FCC gasoline includes fractionation of the FCC gasoline into three fractions: a light fraction comprising 50-80% of the FCC gasoline, an intermediate boiling fraction comprising 10-30% of the FCC gasoline, and a heavy fraction comprising 5-20% of the FCC gasoline. The heaviest fraction is hydrotreated in the first bed of a hydrotreater at conditions that result in essentially total removal of the sulphur. The effluent from the first bed is quenched with the intermediate fraction. The combined oil stream is hydrotreated in a second and final bed in the hydrotreater at conditions that ensure the required overall sulphur reduction.

Abstract: An integrated process for treating pyrolysis gasolines by depentanizing the pyrolysis gasoline in a first distillation column reactor which also subjects the C.sub.5 fraction to selective hydrogenation of acetylenes and diolefins. The bottoms or C.sub.6 + material is then subjected to further distillation in a second distillation column reactor to remove either a C.sub.6 and lighter or C.sub.8 and lighter overheads which contains a benzene/toluene/xylene (BTX) concentrate while at the same time removing mercaptans and selectively hydrogenating the diolefins. The BTX concentrate is then subjected to hydrodesulfurization prior to aromatics extraction and separation of the benzene from the toluene and xylene. Concurrently with the benzene separation any remaining olef ins are saturated to remove the color bodies. Finally the heavy gasoline fraction is subjected to the concurrent catalytic removal of mercaptans and separation to remove the heaviest material.

Abstract: Small particle size catalysts having an average particle size of less than 20 or 10 microns, which agglomerate when contacted with a hydrocarbon liquid, are easily dispersed in the hydrocarbon liquid by first forming a mixture comprising the catalyst particles and one or more non-acidic, liquid polar oxygenates, such as an alcohol, ketone, ester, ether or mixture thereof. The mixture is contacted with the hydrocarbon liquid in which the particles then readily disperse. This process is useful for adding fresh or regenerated small particle size catalyst to catalytic hydroprocessing process slurries, including a reactive Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis slurry. One to four carbon atom alcohols are preferred oxygenates for use with a Fischer-Tropsch slurry.

Abstract: A method for producing a process oil is provided in which an aromatic extract oil is added to a paraffinic rich feed to provide a blended feed. The blended feed is then extracted with an aromatic extraction solvent to yield a raffinate which subsequently is hydrotreated to provide a process oil.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing process includes two cocurrent flow liquid reaction stages and one vapor stage, in which feed components are catalytically hydroprocessed by reacting with hydrogen. The liquid stages both produce a liquid and a hydrogen-rich vapor effluent, with most of the hydroprocessing accomplished in the first stage. The first stage vapor is also hydroprocessed. The hydroprocessed vapor and second stage vapor are cooled to condense and recover additional product liquid and produce an uncondensed hydrogen-rich vapor. After cleanup to remove contaminants, the hydrogen-rich vapor is recycled back into the first stage as treat gas. Fresh hydrogen is introduced into the second stage. This is useful for hydrotreating heteroatom-containing hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from a feedstock which is comprised of a mixture of hydrocarbons and contains organic sulfur compounds as unwanted impurities. The process comprises converting at least a portion of the sulfur-containing impurities to sulfur-containing products of higher boiling point by treatment with an alkylating agent in the presence of an acid catalyst and removing at least a portion of these higher boiling products by fractional distillation. Suitable alkylating agents include alcohols and olefins. In a preferred embodiment, catalytic cracking products which contain aromatic sulfur compounds as impurities are used as a feedstock for the process.

Abstract: A method for producing a process oil is provided in which an aromatic extract oil is added to a paraffinic rich feed to provide a blended feed. The blended feed is then hydrotreated in a first hydrotreating stage to convert at least a portion of sulfur and nitrogen in the feed to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. After stripping, the feed is subjected to a second hydrotreating stage to provide a process oil.

Abstract: A method and reactor for catalytic hydroprocessing liquid hydrocarbon feedstock at elevated temperatures and pressures for producing a liquid hydrocarbon product involves introducing the feedstock into a reactor having upper and lower reaction zones, each reaction zone having a hydroprocessing catalyst bed therein, the feedstock being introduced at the top of the lower reaction zone for downward flow through and reaction within the catalyst bed therein; collecting a partially reacted liquid effluent from the lower reaction zone; pumping the partially reacted liquid effluent to and introducing it at the top of the upper reaction zone for downward flow through and reaction within the catalyst bed therein; introducing hydrogen gas at the top of the upper reaction zone for flow downwardly and sequentially through and over the catalyst beds in the upper and lower reaction zones in co-current contact with the liquid in the reaction zones, the hydrogen reacting with the liquid in the reaction zones whereby the liqui

Abstract: Catalytic cracking gaseolines are treated by: (a) fractionating the raw gasoline cut into two cuts; (b) optional selective diene hydrodenation of the light cut, then mild hydrotreatment and stripping; (c) sweetening the light cut which is conducted before the mild hydrotreatment step by contact with a supported catalyst containing 0.1-1% by weight of palladium, or after the mild hydrotreatment step and which is then an extractive sweetening step, or with a catalyst having an alkaline base optionally incorporated and also an oxidizing agent. The heavy gaseoline fraction is optionally desilphurized in a hydrotreatment unit. The desulpurized and sweetened light gaesoline can be added to the gasoline pool either directly or mixed with the desulphurized heavy gaseoline cut.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing process for removing impurities from a feed comprising a hydrocarbonaceous liquid comprises at least two cocurrent, upflow hydroprocessing reaction stages and a non-catalytic, vapor-liquid contacting stage. The reaction and contacting stages may all be in the same reactor vessel. The feed and a hydrogen treat gas are passed up into a catalyst bed which comprises the first reaction stage, which produces a partially hydroprocessed liquid and vapor effluent. This first stage vapor is passed up into the contacting stage in which it contacts a hydrocarbonaceous liquid which reduces the vapor impurity content. The impurity-enriched contacting liquid passes down and mixes with the first stage liquid effluent. The combined effluents and hydrogen are passed up into the second reaction stage to form a processed product liquid and hydrogen-containing vapor effluent.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing process for removing impurities from a feed comprising a hydrocarbonaceous liquid comprises at least one cocurrent, upflow hydroprocessing reaction stage, a vapor-liquid contacting stage and a downflow hydroprocessing reaction stage. The feed and hydrogen react in the upflow stage to produce a partially hydroprocessed liquid and vapor effluent. The vapor contacts a hydrocarbonaceous liquid in the contacting stage, which transfers impurities from the vapor into the liquid. The impurity-enriched contacting liquid mixes with the upflow stage liquid effluent and the combined liquid effluents react with hydrogen in the downflow reaction stage, to form a hydroprocessed product liquid and vapor effluent. Additional product liquid is recovered by cooling and condensing either or both the contacting and downflow stage vapor effluents.

Abstract: Small particle size catalysts having an average particle size of less than 20 or 10 microns, which agglomerate when contacted with a hydrocarbon liquid, are easily dispersed in the hydrocarbon liquid by first forming a mixture comprising the catalyst particles and one or more non-acidic, liquid polar oxygenates, such as an alcohol, ketone, ester, ether or mixture thereof. The mixture is contacted with the hydrocarbon liquid in which the particles then readily disperse. This process is useful for adding fresh or regenerated small particle size catalyst to catalytic hydroprocessing process slurries, including a reactive Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis slurry. One to four carbon atom alcohols are preferred oxygenates for use with a Fischer-Tropsch slurry.

Abstract: A hydrotreatment process for effecting hydrotreatment of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons together with organic sulphurous impurities in which a desulphurised liquid first hydrocarbon fraction is contacted with a first stream of desulphurised recycle gas to produce (A) a vaporous mixture including unreacted hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and a second hydrocarbon fraction including relatively more volatile components of the mixture of hydrocarbons and (B) a third liquid hydrocarbon fraction including relatively less volatile components of the mixture of hydrocarbons as well as residual sulphurous impurities, the vaporous mixture and the third liquid hydrocarbon fraction being recovered as separate streams from the contact zone. The third liquid hydrocarbon fraction is contacted with a mixture of make-up hydrogen-containing gas and desulphurised recycle gas to cause hydrodesulphurisation of residual sulphurous impurities in the third liquid hydrocarbon fraction.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing process includes two hydroprocessing reaction stages, both of which produce a liquid and a vapor effluent, and a liquid-vapor contacting stage. The first stage vapor effluent contains impurities, such as heteroatom compounds, which are removed from the vapor by contact with processed liquid effluent derived from one or both reaction stages and, optionally, also liquid recovered from processed vapor. The first and contact stage liquid effluents are passed into the second stage to finish the hydoprocessing. The contact and second stage vapor effluents are cooled to recover additional hydroprocessed product liquid.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams over noble metal-containing catalysts under relatively mild conditions. The noble metal is selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, and polymetallics thereof. The catalyst system also contains a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds and the ring opening of ring compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams. The process is conducted in the presence of hydrogen, one or more noble metal catalysts, and a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams and the saturation of aromatics over noble metal-containing catalysts under relatively mild conditions. The noble metal is selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh and polymetallics thereof. The catalyst system also contains a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: Regeneration of an adsorbent bed on to which impurity compounds, e.g. sulphur compounds, have been adsorbed by means of a gas stream to desorb the impurity compounds. The gas stream containing the desorbed impurity compounds is then passed over a catalyst, e.g. a hydro-desulphurisation catalyst, effective to cause the reaction of at least some of the desorbed impurity compounds with hydrogen to give a reaction product which is then removed by absorption using a bed of non-regenerable absorbent. At least some of the gas stream is then recycled to the adsorbent bed undergoing regeneration. Hydrogen is added in approximately the stoichiometric amount required for the reaction with the impurity compounds before the regeneration gas enters the catalyst.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon distillate fraction is hydrotreated in a single stage by passing the distillate fraction downwardly over a stacked bed of two hydrotreating catalysts. The catalyst in the upper bed contains 0.1 to 15% by weight of platinum and/or palladium and also contains 2 to 40% by weight of at least one of tungsten, chromium, a Group VIIB metal, and an actinium series metal supported on an acidic refractory oxide carrier. The catalyst in the lower bed contains 1 to 15% by weight of a non-noble Group VIII metal and 1 to 25% by weight of a Group VIB metal on an amorphous, refractory oxide carrier. The liquid hydrocarbon product recovered has a reduced content of aromatics and a reduced heteroatom content.

Abstract: A method of refining crude oil by distillation and desulfurization for the preparation of petroleum products can reduce cost of apparatus and cost of operation and can be operated with better stability by simplified control of operation. In the method, a naphtha fraction is separated from crude oil by distillation, the residual fraction which remained after the naphtha fraction has been removed from the crude oil is hydrodesulfurized and the hydrodesulfurized fraction is separated into further fractions by distillation. A kerosene fraction and a gas oil fraction of high quality can be obtained and yields of intermediate fractions such as kerosene and gas oil can be increased by introducing a hydrotreating process, a high pressure separation process and a residue fluid catalytic cracking process in a sophisticated way for refining of the residual fraction remained after the naphtha fraction has been removed from the crude oil.

Abstract: A method for producing a process oil is provided in which an aromatic extract oil is added to a napthenic rich feed. The combined feed is then hydrotreated in a first hydrotreating stage to convert at least a portion of sulfur and nitrogen in the feed to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. After stripping the feed is subjected to a second hydrotreating stage to provide a process oil.