Abstract: A method of producing high value products: kerosene including cosmetic kerosene, white oils, high value paraffin and purified liquid fuels, from polyolefin waste material and polyolefins, comprising (a) thermally or catalytically decomposing polyolefin waste material or polyolefins to yield vapor products; (b) condensing vapor products of thermal or catalytic decomposition of polyolefin waste material or polyolefins, to yield a first mixture; (c) catalytically hydrogenating said first mixture to reduce olefinic double bonds and acetylenic triple bonds to yield a second mixture; and (d) fractionally distilling said second mixture to yield one or more of the following: a kerosene fraction having a boiling range below 180° C., a cosmetic kerosene fraction having a boiling range of between 180 and 275° C., a white oil fraction having a boiling range of between 270 and 400° C., or a paraffin fraction having a boiling range above 400° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process, including removal of resins, for the treatment of a hydrocarbon charge, at least 80% of the compounds of which have a boiling point which is above or equal to 340° C., in which process: the charge is sent to a fractionation stage during which the recovery takes place of at least one heavy fraction and at least one light fraction, at least some of the heavy fraction is sent to an extraction stage during which resins contained in said heavy fraction are extracted, and a purified fraction is recovered, a mixture is made which comprises at least part of the purified fraction which was obtained in the extraction stage and at least one light fraction which was obtained in the fractionation stage, and the mixture thus obtained is sent to a cracking stage.

Abstract: A process for treating a crude containing natural gas comprising supplying the crude to a stabilization unit to obtain a gaseous stream and crude oil; supplying a compressed, gaseous stream at a low temperature to the bottom of a first column; partly condensing the first gaseous overhead stream, returning the liquid phase to the first column and supplying the methane-rich stream to a liquefaction plant; supplying an expanded bottom stream at a low temperature to the top of a second column; removing from the top of the second column a second gaseous overhead stream, and removing from the bottom of the second column a liquid bottom stream; vaporizing part of the bottom stream and introducing the vapor into the bottom of the second column; and introducing the remainder of the bottom stream into a crude oil stream at an appropriate point in or upstream of the stabilization unit, wherein the amount of heat removed from the first gaseous overhead stream is so adjusted that the concentration of C5+ in the first gase

Abstract: A process is provided for stabilizing a petroleum liquid feed stream which contains a more volatile hydrocarbon portion, a less volatile hydrocarbon portion and water. The more volatile hydrocarbon portion of the petroleum liquid feed stream is reacted with the water in a fluidized bed heat exchanger to form a solid hydrate and a petroleum liquid product which contains the remaining less volatile hydrocarbon portion of the petroleum liquid feed stream. The petroleum liquid product is separated from the solid hydrate to recover the resulting petroleum liquid product which is substantially less volatile and more stable than the petroleum liquid feed stream and more suitable for storage or transport, particularly at low pressures.

Abstract: Unleaded blend compositions, as well as formulated gasolines containing them have a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising either: (i) component (a) at least 5% (by volume of the total composition) of at least one hydrocarbon having the following formula I R—CH2—CH(CH3)—C(CH3)2—CH3??I wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, especially triptane, or (ii) at least 2% of component (a?), which is at least one branched chain alkane of MON value of at least 90 and of boiling point 15-160° C. or a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream, of MON value of at least 85, at least 70% in total of said stream being branched chain alkanes, said stream being obtainable or obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C.

Abstract: In the present invention, petroleum is separated into hydrocarbon mixtures having different components at an atomizing step and a collecting step. At the atomizing step, the petroleum is ultrasonically vibrated and is discharged and atomized in a state of an atomized fine particle floating in a carrier gas. At this step, the petroleum is separated into a mixed fluid containing the atomized fine particle and the carrier gas and residual petroleum which is not atomized. At the collecting step, the hydrocarbon mixture is separated and collected from the mixed fluid obtained at the collecting step. In the separating method, the petroleum is separated into the residual petroleum and the mixed fluid at the atomizing step, and the mixed fluid is collected at the collecting step so that the petroleum is separated into hydrocarbon mixtures having different components.

Abstract: A process for the production of a synthetic low sulphur diesel fuel and a low soot emission aviation fuel is disclosed. The process includes fractionation of a Low Temperature Fischer-Tropsch feedstock into a light kerosene fraction and a heaver diesel fraction in a volumetric ratio of at least 1:2 to form the light kerosene fraction having a smoke point greater than 50 mm, a freezing point of below ?47° C., a BOCLE lubricity wear scar less than 0.85 mm, and an anti-oxidant additiveless thermal stability tube deposit rating at 260° C. of less than 1 useable as a low soot emission aviation fuel and/or an aviation fuel blend stock, and the heavier diesel fraction having CFPP according to IP309 of below ?5° C., a density@20° C. of at least 0.78 kg/l, and a viscosity@40° C. of above 2 cSt useable as a synthetic low sulphur diesel fuel and/or a diesel fuel blend stock.

Abstract: A distillate fuel steam reformer system in which a fuel feed stream is first separated into two process streams: an aliphatics-rich, sulfur-depleted gas stream, and an aromatics- and sulfur-rich liquid residue stream. The aliphatics-rich gas stream is desulfurized, mixed with steam, and converted in a reforming reactor to a hydrogen-rich product stream. The aromatics-rich residue stream is mixed with air and combusted to provide heat necessary for endothermic process operations. Reducing the amounts of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons directed to desulfurzation and reforming operations minimizes the size and weight of the overall apparatus. The process of the invention is well suited to the use of microchannel apparatuses for heat exchangers, reactors, and other system components, which may be assembled in slab configuration, further reducing system size and weight.

Abstract: A transmix refining method comprises passing a transmix feed through a membrane to produce a permeate stream and a retentate stream without further processing the permeate stream and the retentate stream in a distillation device.

Abstract: A process for treating a crude containing natural gas comprising supplying the crude to a stabilization unit to obtain a gaseous stream and crude oil; supplying a compressed, gaseous stream at a low temperature to the bottom of a first column; partly condensing the first gaseous overhead stream, returning the liquid phase to the first column and supplying the methane-rich stream to a liquefaction plant; supplying an expanded bottom stream at a low temperature to the top of a second column; removing from the top of the second column second gaseous overhead stream, and removing from the bottom of the second column a liquid bottom stream; vaporizing part of the bottom stream and introducing the vapor into the bottom of the second column; and introducing the remainder of the bottom stream into a crude oil stream at an appropriate point in or upstream of the stabilization unit, wherein the amount of heat removed from the first gaseous overhead stream is so adjusted that the concentration of C5+ in the first gaseou

Abstract: The present invention concerns a gas/liquid(s) separation system constituted by three different sections: a primary separator (1) for flows with a G/L in the range 0.1 to 10; a secondary separator (2) for flows with a G/L in the range 10 to 50; a system (3) which limits the formation of a liquid vortex; where G/L is the ratio of the gas to liquid mass flow rates.

Abstract: A Fuel Fractionation System (FFS) and associated methods to generate and store a fuel for internal combustion engines is provided. FFS provides a distillation column assembly to distill liquid fuel to form a volatile light fraction secondary fuel. The distillation column assembly includes a vaporization module to vaporize a feed fuel in the distillation column and includes a condensation module to condense heavy fraction components of the vaporized feed fuel. FFS also provides a controller positioned to control the vaporization of feed fuel in the distillation column to thereby control the separation of the feed fuel into light fraction fuel and heavy fraction fuel components, and positioned to control the condensation of the heavy fraction components so that fuel exiting a light fraction output port in the distillation column is substantially light fraction fuel components by volume.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from hydrocarbon feeds, including the steps of providing a hydrocarbon feed containing sulfur; providing a cell having two compartments and a membrane separating the compartments; flowing a hydrogen source through one compartment; flowing the hydrocarbon feed through the other compartment; applying a current across the hydrogen source compartment whereby hydrogen diffuses through the membrane from the hydrogen source to the hydrocarbon feed, whereby the hydrogen reacts with sulfur to form H2S and produce a treated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for treating a crude containing natural gas comprising supplying the crude to a stabilization unit to obtain a gaseous stream and crude oil; supplying a compressed, gaseous stream at a low temperature to the bottom of a first column; partly condensing the first gaseous overhead stream, returning the liquid phase to the first column and supplying the methane-rich stream to a liquefaction plant; supplying an expanded bottom stream at a low temperature to the top of a second column; removing from the top of the second column second gaseous overhead stream, and removing from the bottom of the second column a liquid bottom stream; vaporizing part of the bottom stream and introducing the vapour into the bottom of the second column; and introducing the remainder of the bottom stream into a crude oil stream at an appropriate point in or upstream of the stabilization unit, wherein the amount of heat removed from the first gaseous overhead stream is so adjusted that the concentration of C5+ in the first

Abstract: A method of separating the oil slurry with the crude oil, which is first to put the oil slurry containing the crude oil into the cracking furnace to heat to 400-700 degree wherein there remains the pressure value of 3 kg inside said cracking furnace such that the crude oil contained by said oil slurry is cracked into gas status; next, cool the oil gas in step 1 and cool it such that the oil gas after being cooled forms the gas and the light crude oil; next guide the gas in step 2 into the gas tank and to guide the light crude oil into the crude oil tank for the usage as the chemical intermediate or to be distillated into the gas oil, the diesel oil or the fuel oil. Besides, the plastic junk could be put into the cracking furnace to high-temperature cracking with the oil slurry as the fuel of indirect heating the cracking furnace to increase the yield of the light crude oil.

Abstract: A process is provided for stabilizing a petroleum liquid feed stream which contains a more volatile hydrocarbon portion, a less volatile hydrocarbon portion and water. The more volatile hydrocarbon portion of the petroleum liquid feed stream is reacted with the water in a fluidized bed heat exchanger to form a solid hydrate and a petroleum liquid product which contains the remaining less volatile hydrocarbon portion of the petroleum liquid feed stream. The petroleum liquid product is separated from the solid hydrate to recover the resulting petroleum liquid product which is substantially less volatile and more stable than the petroleum liquid feed stream and more suitable for storage or transport, particularly at low pressures.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a gas/liquid(s) separation system constituted by three different sections:

Abstract: A process for the recovery of natural gas liquids (NGL) (ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene and heavier hydrocarbons) from liquefied natural gas (LNG) is disclosed. The LNG feed stream is split with at least one portion used as an external reflux, without prior treatment, to improve the separation and recovery of the natural gas liquids (NGL).

Abstract: The reforming of heavy oil with supercritical water or subcritical water is accomplished by mixing together supercritical water, heavy oil, and oxidizing agent, thereby oxidizing vanadium in heavy oil with the oxidizing agent at the time of treatment with supercritical water and separate vanadium oxide. The separated vanadium oxide is removed by the scavenger after treatment with supercritical water. In this way it is possible to solve the long-standing problem with corrosion of turbine blades by vanadium which arises when heavy oil is used as gas turbine fuel.

Abstract: An improved process for the recovery of aromatic compounds from a mixture containing aromatic and non-aromatic compounds and method for retrofitting existing equipment for the same is provided. The improved process comprises the steps of recovering aromatic compounds via parallel operation of a hybrid extractive distillation/liquid-liquid extractor operation and variations thereof. Methods of quickly and economically retrofitting existing recovery process equipment for use with the improved aromatics recovery process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for lowering the cloud/pour point of a waxy crude oil in locations where size and/or weight of the facility may need to be limited (i.e. arctic zones and offshore). The major components of the system comprise a fractionation/quench tower and a reaction furnace. The furnace has sufficient heat input to initiate thermal cracking of wax and the fractionation tower is operated at a temperature sufficient to flash off light hydrocarbons but also low enough to quench thermal cracking reaction. The feed to the furnace comprises a portion of the bottoms stream from the tower and the furnace output is fed back into the tower bottom to be quenched.

Abstract: In order to recover hydrogen from a hydrogen-rich gaseous effluent, a procedure is used that comprises:

Abstract: Process for the recovery of gaseous products from the product mixture obtained by contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking process, wherein the liquid, obtained by separating the top product of main fractionator into gaseous and liquid fraction, when supplied to the absorber has a temperature of between 8-25 DEG C. This liquid may be presaturated with gaseous top product from absorber; or also a high boiling fraction (cat craker naphtha/light cycle oil) may be first separated from this liquid by distillation.

Abstract: A process for the producing edible protein-containing meal for human and animal consumption and high quality food grade oils from oil seed using iodotrifluoromathane as the solvent is shown. The meal has a significantly improved level of dietary available (absorbable) protein. The process involves the preparation of protein isolates by a procedure which is conducted at room temperature, thus decreases protein degradation and denaturing which is caused by elevated temperatures. The process also provides for extraction of substantially all oils and fats, which interfere with the formation of the protein micelle, from the protein meal providing a cleaner, purer product with high levels of absorbable protein. Such protein isolates can then be used as such or added to formulated foods in order to increase the total protein content of that food. The protein produced and the oils recovered have compositions which are also unique and unobtainable by prior processing methods.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to rapidly generate asphalt/residuum boiling temperatures above a given atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) from a very small sample of whole crude petroleum oil. The preferred use is to determine suitability of residuum from crude or crude fractions for asphalt.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to separate a light lube stock product and a heavy lube stock product from heavy dewaxed lube oils are described which maintain product specifications while utilizing conventional refinery equipment. The heavy dewaxed lube oil stream is first heated, such as in a spiral heat exchanger in the top of a vacuum stripper, with the heavy lube stock fraction, and/or with hot oil. Next, the heated heavy dewaxed lube oil stream is injected into the vacuum stripper, and fuel gas is injected at the bottom of the stripper as the stripping medium. A light lube stock fraction is removed from the upper portion of the stripper, and a heavy lube stock fraction is removed from the lower portion thereof. Optionally, the gas stripping medium is removed from the top of the stripper by a vacuum pump and used to fuel a hot oil exchanger to heat the oil which in turn is employed to heat the heavy dewaxed lube oil stream.

Abstract: A process for the rejection of heavy reaction by-products from a selective hydrogenation reaction zone effluent containing butadiene and trace amounts of heavy reaction by-products by introducing the selective hydrogenation reaction zone effluent into a butadiene extraction vaporizer containing a fractionation zone, refluxing the fractionation zone with a raffinate stream from a butadiene extraction zone; removing a vaporized stream containing butadiene and having a reduced concentration of heavy reaction by-products from the vaporizer; removing and recovering a concentrated liquid product stream containing heavy reaction by-products from the vaporizer; and introducing the vaporized stream containing butadiene into the butadiene extraction zone.

Abstract: A centrifugal vapor/liquid separator separates the vapor and liquid in a flash of hydrocarbon and steam mixture, such that only the vapor stream is fed and processed further downstream. The design of the separator ensures that all partially wetted surfaces in the separator, except at the vapor outlet pipe, are well-wetted and washed by the non-vaporized liquid portion of the feed or by injection of external liquid thus ensuring that no coke deposition occurs inside the separator. The flash temperature in the separator therefore can be increased beyond the typical limit thus achieving a deeper cut into the feed and recovering a larger fraction of the feed as vapor for further downstream processing.

Abstract: Production of atmospheric distillate from a hydrocarbon feedstock that comprises a stage for the formation of a gas mixture that contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide, an at least partial conversion stage of the gas mixture that is obtained so as to obtain a liquid effluent that contains hydrocarbons and a gas effluent that contains carbon dioxide, a stage for treating the gas effluent under conditions that make it possible to eliminate the carbon dioxide at least partly, a first stage of fractionation of the liquid fraction, an isomerizing hydrocracking stage in the presence of hydrogen and a second fractionation stage.

Abstract: The improved process and apparatus of the present invention for extracting high purity aromatics from gasoline using a glycol solvent based extraction process decrease liquid-vapor flashing, reduce reflux flow rate, and use heat of enthalpy produces at one point as a source of energy used at another point, decreasing energy consumption while significantly increasing purity and amount of product obtained.

Abstract: Improved asymmetric hyperfiltration membranes and their method of preparation and use are disclosed. The membranes are fashioned from polyimides and conditioned with a lubricating oil. Permselective separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from non-aromatic hydrocarbons in a feed stream may be accomplished using the membranes under hyperfiltration conditions.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a method for producing a lubricating base stock having a preselected oxidative stability comprising the steps of: (a) separating, into a plurality of fractions based on molecular shape, a hydroisomerized hydrocarbon wax, (b) collecting the fractions of step (a) which have the preselected oxidative stability for use as a lubricating base stock, wherein the fractions to be collected are determined by measuring the oxidative stability of each of said fractions of said plurality of fractions to determine which fractions have said preselected oxidative stability. The invention is also directed to an improved lubricating base oil and a formulated lubricating composition using said lubricating base oil.

Abstract: A process disclosed for the separation, purification and recovery of an unsaturated hydrocarbon from its mixture with at least one other material using a facilitated transport liquid membrane system.

Abstract: A large pore (500.degree.-2000.degree. A) ceramic membrane is used to separate asphaltenes from heavy crude oil. Permeate is recycled to the feed for an initial period, during which the pores are deliberately fouled to reduce pore size. This reduction eventually levels off, at which point recycling is terminated and ultrafiltration is continued thereafter at good flux rates with effective asphaltenes removal.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon stream is cracked to produce a hot gaseous stream which is compressed and cooled to condense almost all of the hydrocarbons contained in the stream. A noncondensed stream remaining after the condensation step, comprised predominantly of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 hydrocarbons, is subjected to pressure swing adsorption or temperature swing adsorption at an adsorption temperature of about 0.degree. to about 250.degree. C. in a bed of adsorbent which selectively adsorbs ethene and propene, thereby adsorbing substantially all of the ethene and propene from the gas stream. The ethene and/or propene is recovered upon bed regeneration. Higher alkenes are separated from alkanes by various methods.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from liquid hydrocarbons such as catalytic reformate by contact with solid caustic such as a bed of NaOH pellets covered with a thin film of brine. Hydration of reformate improves removal when large amounts of chlorides are present in reformate. Halides in liquid hydrocarbon are recovered as a brine phase, which can be only slightly alkaline. Hydration of reformate can be controlled based on pH of brine removed from the bed.

Abstract: Acidic halogens, especially chlorides, are removed from a dry gas stream by contact with dry particles of solid caustic. The solid caustic particles are preferably non-porous, and disposed in a bed with at least a 10% bed interstitial volume. Limiting halogen content in gas, and operating with a bone dry gas, ensures that salts deposit on the surface of the solid caustic without plugging the bed of solid caustic. Efficient halogen removal can be achieved even when treating a bone dry gas, one having less than 10 ppmv water vapor, at ambient temperature, without plugging the bed.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from gas by contact with particles of solid caustic covered by aqueous and hydrocarbon phases, respectively. Effective neutralization is achieved without swelling or plugging the bed of solid caustic. Halides are removed as brine. Efficient caustic utilization is achieved by controlling water vapor levels in the gas based on pH of brine product.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from dry liquid hydrocarbon streams such as catalytic reformate by contact with large particles of low surface area solid caustic such as a bed of NaOH pellets. Effective neutralization is achieved in a bed which is essentially free of any aqueous phase. Salt formed by the neutralization reaction deposit as solids on the surface of the solid caustic. A process for producing a low chloride, dry reformate product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A simplified solution to the problem of salt precipitation on the trays of a the FCC main column removes salt or salt forming compounds from an naphtha slip stream. The invention removes solubilized salt from the a cooled naphtha fraction of the main column by water washing to absorb dissociated ions of the salts and separation of the aqueous phase for removal of the salts from the separation loop.

Abstract: A process for the dehydration and/or desalination and simultaneous fractionation of a petroleum deposit effluent containing oil, associated gas and water which can be saline, which process comprises:(a) at least one step for separating the liquid and gaseous phases at the pressure P1 for removal of the gas, producing a gaseous fraction G1, on the one hand, which is removed and a liquid fraction L1, on the other hand, which is sent to step(b) at least one step for separating, at least partly, the two liquid phases mixed in the liquid fraction L1, the aqueous phase being partly removed and the oil phase containing a quantity of residual aqueous phase being sent to step (c);(c) at least one distillation step carried out at a pressure P2 which is less than, or at the most equal to, the pressure P1 in step (a), in a distillation zone C1, said distillation being carried out in the presence of the oil phase coming from step (b), said zone C1 comprising an internal heat exchange zone and a boiling zone, and enabling

Abstract: The present invention includes the use of crosslinked fluorinated polyolefin membranes membranes for the separation of aromatics from saturates, wherein aromatics can contain sulfur and nitrogen.

Abstract: A straight run naphtha is fractionated to yield on intermediate naphtha and the heaviest 10 vol % as heavy naphtha. The intermediate naphtha is catalytically reformed to yield reformed naphtha having a 90 vol % temperature (T90) of 310.degree. F. (155.degree. C.). The heavy naphtha is subjected to fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) to yield liquid fuel and lighter, including C.sub.4 olefins and a cracked naphtha having a research octane number suitable for gasoline blending.

Abstract: Straight run hydrocarbon distillate streams containing low concentrations of 2-ring aromatics can be processed to remove a high percentage of the 2-ring aromatics by contacting said stream with one side of a polyester imide membrane under pervaporation conditions to produce a permeate stream containing a very high percentage of 2-ring aromatics and a retentate stream of severely reduced 2-ring aromatic content.

Abstract: A charge containing dewaxed oil/dewaxing solvent may be treated to effect separation of components by a thermally cross-linked hydrocarbon-derived elastomer membrane, typified by polybutadiene.

Abstract: Dewaxed oil containing dewaxing solvent from solvent dewaxing is treated by contact with a separating elastomer membrane to yield a retentate containing increased content of dewaxed oil and decreased content of dewaxing solvent and a permeate which contains increased content of dewaxing solvent and decreased content of dewaxed oil--the membrane including a barrier layer of an adduct of maleic acid anhydride and a poly(aliphatic terpene) which has been thermally cross-linked.

Abstract: Charge containing dewaxed oil and dewaxing solvent (typically methyl ethyl ketone and toluene) is treated to separate dewaxing solvent by use of a separating membrane barrier of a polyurea.

Abstract: Raffinate yield from solvent extraction is improved when the extract phase recovered from the solvent extraction process is subjected to a membrane separation step wherein a saturates/1-ring aromatics rich retentate is produced and a 2+ ring aromatics rich permeate are produced and the saturates/1-ring aromatic rich retentate phase is recycled to the solvent extraction process.

Abstract: A process is described for removing mineral or ash constituents from heavy hydrocarbon residues, such as those resulting from coal-oil coprocessing, residue hydrocracking or coal liquifaction. The process comprises the steps of: (a) intimately mixing the ash-containing heavy hydrocarbon oil residue with a surfactant and a pH-conditioned aqueous solution under high shear mixing conditions to disperse the ash-containing residue in the aqueous phase thereby creating a fine oil-in-water emulsion, (b) adding a strong oxidizing agent to the emulsion to thereby break the emulsion and release the ash into the aqueous phase and (c) separating the ash-containing aqueous phase from the oil phase. The HLB method for characterizing the emulsion forming activity of a surface active material is described in M. J. Rosen, Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1989), incorporated herein by reference.

Abstract: Olefins are selectively separated from hydrocarbon feeds containing mixtures of olefins and paraffins by contacting said hydrocarbon feed mixture with one side of a micro-porous, non-selective partition barrier membrane while simultaneously passing, preferably in countercurrent flow, along the opposite side of said membrane a polar solvent. The olefin preferentially passes through said micro-porous non selective partition barrier in response to the polar solvent yielding a permeate enriched in olefin and a retentate enriched in paraffin as compared to the original feed stream.