Abstract: An improved SRC-I two-stage coal liquefaction process which improves the product slate is provided. Substantially all of the net yield of 650.degree.-850.degree. F. heavy distillate from the LC-Finer is combined with the SRC process solvent, substantially all of the net 400.degree.-650.degree. F. middle distillate from the SRC section is combined with the hydrocracker solvent in the LC-Finer, and the initial boiling point of the SRC process solvent is increased sufficiently high to produce a net yield of 650.degree.-850.degree. F. heavy distillate of zero for the two-stage liquefaction process.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of aromatic hydrocarbons and a non-aromatic raffinate stream from a hydrocarbon charge stock is disclosed. The hydrocarbon charge stock is treated with an aromatics-selective solvent to provide an aromatics-rich solvent stream and a non-aromatic raffinate stream. The aromatics-rich solvent stream is treated in a stripper column at conditions to separate substantially all of the non-aromatic hydrocarbons therefrom. The rich solvent stream is subjected to steam stripping to provide a high purity aromatics stream and an aqueous stream comprising the steam condensate and residual aromatics. This aqueous stream is treated with a minor portion of the non-aromatic raffinate to remove the residual aromatics, and the resulting aqueous stream is utilized to wash the remainder of the raffinate free of solvent. The raffinate stream is recovered substantially free of aromatics.

Abstract: A process for contacting two immiscible fluids is disclosed. A liquid stream enters the top of an apparatus and travels downward within an annular bed of packing. A vapor stream or a less dense liquid stream enters the bottom of the apparatus and travels upward making many radial flow passes through succeedingly higher parts of the annular bed. The sigmoid flow of the rising stream is channeled by horizontal disks within the open central volume of the annular bed and by horizontal open-centered rings which surround the annular bed at staggered elevations.

Abstract: It has been discovered that extraction processes which employ solvents to separate components from a feed stream and which solvents are themselves recovered by stripping from the thus produced extract or raffinate or both are improved in that the solvent is stripped from the extract, raffinate or both by the use of steam which has been previously distilled from a major portion of the process stream in one of the initial stages of the solvent recovery process, which steam rather than being vented or condensed for disposal is employed as a replacement for specifically generated fresh steam. This recycle steam is employed to strip any residual solvent from the extract, the raffinate or both. The steam and any residual solvent thus stripped is recycled from the extract stripper, raffinate stripper or both to the input feed of the solvent recovery train.

Abstract: The method for the liquefaction of a solid carbonaceous substance whereby the liquefaction takes place as a result of the addition of a liquid clathrate to said substance. The liquid clathrate layer then contains the liquified petroleum oil products which are then separated from the liquid clathrate.

Abstract: An improved process for solvent refining lubricating oil base stocks from petroleum fractions containing both aromatic and non-aromatic constituents utilizing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a selective solvent for aromatic hydrocarbons wherein the refined oil fraction and the extract fraction are freed of final traces of solvent by stripping with gaseous ammonia.The process has several advantages over conventional processes including a savings in energy required for the solvent refining process, and reduced corrosion of the process equipment.

Abstract: Process for recovering highly pure aromatic substances from mixtures of hydrocarbons which contain in addition to the aromatic substances, large amounts of non-aromatic substances by liquid-liquid extraction in combination with an after arranged extractive distillation whereby the liquid-liquid extraction of the starting hydrocarbon mixture is carried out under such conditions that the resulting extract contains substantially the total amount of the aromatic substances and a portion of the non-aromatic substances, introducing this extract into an after arranged extractive distillation for further separating said extract whereby the sump product (extract phase) formed is drawn off and introduced into an after arranged distillation column where it is separated into an aromatic and a solvent fraction, while the head product of the extractive distillation (raffinate phase) is reintroduced into the bottom of the extractor for liquid-liquid extraction thereof, wherein there is used in both of the extracting stages,

Abstract: Liquid clathrates of the formula:M{al.sub.2 [CH.sub.2).sub.x CH.sub.3 ]6NO.sub.3 }.n Y, wherein M is potassium, rubidium, cesium, tetraalkylammonium, tetraarylammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium or tetraarylphosphonium, x is an integer from 1 to 3 and Y is an aromatic compound.