Abstract: An integrated reforming/aromatization process is disclosed which improves the octane number and C.sub.5 + liquid yield of a catalytic reforming unit by integrating a catalytic aromatization zone into a catalytic reforming unit gas plant fractionator overhead condenser reflux circuit. The fractionator may be operated as a debutanizer to maximize C.sub.5+ gasoline product volume or a depentanizer to maximize C.sub.5+ gasoline product octane number.

Abstract: A process for removing residual sulfur from a hydrotreated naphtha feedstock is disclosed. The feedstock is contacted with molecular hydrogen under reforming conditions in the presence of a less sulfur sensitive reforming catalyst, thereby converting trace sulfur compounds to H.sub.2 S, and forming a first effluent. The first effluent is contacted with a solid sulfur sorbent, removing the H.sub.2 S and forming a second effluent. The second effluent is contacted with a highly selective reforming catalyst under severe reforming conditions.

Abstract: A combined reforming and isomerization process wherein at least a portion of the hydrogen produced in the reforming process is passed with a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 range normal paraffin feedstock to an isomerization zone, containing an isomerization catalyst, at isomerization condition to produce an isomerized C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 product stream and passing the C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 isomerized product stream to a reformate separation zone (hydrogen stripping and topping zones) and recovering at least a major portion of the isomerized C.sub.5 -C.sub.5 product stream with the reformate for use as a high octane gasoline product.

Abstract: The invention concerns a combined process of catalytically hydroreforming a heavy naphtha in at least one reaction zone (10) and catalytically hydroisomerizing a light naptha in at least one reaction zone (34).The invention is characterized in that the hydrogen produced in the hydroreforming unit (line 27) is used to isomerize the light naphtha, the obtained reformate and isomerate being fractionated preferably together in the same stabilization column (51 in FIG. 1).A better thermal integration, a better recovery of light hydrocarbons and a lowering of the utilities requirements and investments, as compared with units operating separately, are thus achieved.

Abstract: A process for splitting a feed containing C.sub.6 cycloparaffins, C.sub.6 normal paraffins, and higher boiling hydrocarbons uses an isomerization zone to open the rings of cyclic hydrocarbons and a single fractionation zone to separate the feed and the isomerization product into a C.sub.7 plus stream that can be used as a feed stream to a reformer and an isoparaffin stream consisting of C.sub.6 and lighter hydrocarbons that is deficient in cyclic hydrocarbons. The process uses a chlorided platinum-alumina catalyst to open rings and isomerize C.sub.6 hydrocarbons. Additional feed streams of normal C.sub.5 paraffins may be added to the process ahead of the isomerization zone to increase the yield of isoparaffin from the isomerization zone. This process offers a simple flow scheme that yields a high volume of high octane isomerate while reducing the quantity of C.sub.6 cyclic hydrocarbons in a reformer feed. Converting the C.sub.

Abstract: An improved two-step process for the conversion of lower molecular weight paraffins, the process comprising contacting in a first step a C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkane-rich feedstock with a siliceous zeolite catalyst in a primary fluidized bed reaction zone under high temperature dehydrogenation conditions to obtain an intermediate product comprising oligomerizable olefinic hydrocarbons and aromatics; and then contacting in a second step the intermediate product with a siliceous zeolite catalyst in a secondary fluidized bed reaction zone under low temperature oligomerization conditions to obtain a final product comprising gasoline boiling range aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for removing residual sulfur from a hydrotreated naphtha feedstock is disclosed. The feedstock is contacted with molecular hydrogen under reforming conditions in the presence of a less sulfur sensitive reforming catalyst, thereby converting trace sulfur compounds to H.sub.2 S, and forming a first effluent. The first effluent is contacted with a solid sulfur sorbent, removing the H.sub.2 S and forming a second effluent. The second effluent is contacted with a highly selective reforming catalyst under severe reforming conditions.

Abstract: A process for converting the naphtha fractions distilled from crude oil into greater volumes than heretofore of a gasoline product having higher octane number and a distillate stream of improved cetane number and smoke point by sending the lower boiling naphtha fraction directly to the gasoline pool and subjecting the higher boiling naphtha fraction to a mild reforming treatment, extracting the reformate to separate two streams, aromatics which are directed to the pool and paraffins which are sent to a splitter to separate the paraffin stream into fractions greater than C.sub.8 and a C.sub.8 or less fraction. The C.sub.8 or less fraction is cracked, thermally or catalytically and alkylated and/or polymerized before being directed to the gasoline pool. The fraction from the splitter containing hydrocarbons greater than C.sub.8 can be used in the distillate pool.

Abstract: A reforming-isomerization process for realizing optimum upgrading of a naphtha feedstock is disclosed. The feedstock is reformed over a bimetallic catalyst and the reformate is separated into one or more gas fractions, a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 paraffin liquid fraction and a reformate liquid product. The C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 fraction is isomerized to upgrade the C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 components and the isomerizate is separate into a light gas product and a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 isomerizate liquid product with optional separation and recycle of normal paraffins. The light gas products are compressed and recycled for use in the reformation and isomerization. The C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 isomerizate is blended with the reformate liquid product to produce high octane motor fuel.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the dealkylation of durene resulting from a methanol to gasoline conversion by contacting a durene-containing fraction with zeolite ZSM-12 at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: A process for converting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock in which a catalytically hydroprocessed or a catalytically reformed feedstock is contacted under cracking conditions with an essentially alumina-free intermediate pore size zeolitic catalyst and immediately thereafter with a second essentially alumina-free intermediate pore size zeolitic catalyst under cracking conditions less severe than the first contacting conditions. The less severe conditions in the second contacting stage are preferably obtained by employing a lower temperature, although use of a less active catalyst to attain this end is a possibility. A crystalline chromia silicate having a mole ratio of oxides SiO.sub.2 :Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 of greater than about 20 to 1 and an intermediate pore size crystalline silicate of the ZSM-5 type having a mole ratio of oxides SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of greater than about 200 are the preferred catalysts.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylene admixed with other alkyl aromatics of at least eight carbon atoms and with normal or slightly branched paraffins is conducted at 600.degree.-800.degree. F. with a zeolite like zeolite ZSM-5 of reduced acid activity.

Abstract: A process, or procedure, for the start-up of reforming units, particularly those employing highly active sulfur-sensitive polymetallic, promoted noble metal containing catalysts. On start-up of a reforming unit, a sulfur-containing naphtha feed is fed at reforming conditions over a platinum-catalyst containing lead reactor of a series while bypassing subsequent reactors of the series, the product therefrom is separated into hydrogen-containing gas and C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid fractions, the hydrogen-containing gas fraction is desulfurized and dried and recycled to the platinum-catalyst containing lead reactor and, after sufficient hydrogen has been generated for operation of a Hydrofiner which is used to hydrodesulfurize the naphtha feed for the reformer, product from the platinum-catalyst containing lead reactor is fed to subsequent reactors of the series which contain the more sulfur-sensitive catalysts.

Abstract: Benzene, toluene and xylenes are prepared from heavy reformate in substantially the proportion in said reformate of single ring aromatic compounds bearing none, one or two methyl groups by contacting said heavy reformate at 800.degree.-1000.degree. F. with a zeolite of low acid activity.

Abstract: Conventional noble metal reforming to upgrade the octane number of petroleum naphtha is an endothermic reaction which is carried out in a series of reactors with intermediate furnace heating of the petroleum fraction being upgraded. This specification discloses a process and apparatus configuration to increase the octane number of the reformate at a minimum liquid yield loss by cooling the first reforming stage effluent and then contacting the cooled effluent with a ZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst prior to the first intermediate furnace heating.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylenes admixed with other alkyl aromatics of at least eight carbon atoms and with normal or slightly branched paraffins is conducted at 800.degree.-1000.degree. F. with a zeolite like zeolite ZSM-5 of reduced acid activity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a hydrocarbon mixture rich in aromatics from a gasoline boiling range hydrocarbon mixture low in aromatics which comprises catalytically reforming said hydrocarbon mixture followed by contacting the reformate with certain crystalline silicates at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A process for catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons which comprises contacting aliphatic hydrocarbons with steam and a dehydrocyclization catalyst under dehydrocyclization conditions to form a vapor stream containing aromatics and nonaromatics, separating at least a portion of the vapor stream which is compressed, heated, and recycled to the dehydrocyclization reaction to minimize steam diluent requirements for the process.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon charge stock boiling below 500.degree. F. is converted into aromatic hydrocarbons and isobutane via a combination process involving catalytic reforming, hydrocracking and subsequent catalytic reforming without the immediate separation of the product effluent from the lead reformer and hydrocracking zone.

Abstract: Selected aromatic hydrocarbon concentrates -- benzene, mixed xylenes -- are produced by way of a combination process which involves catalytic reforming followed by dealkylation. Although the process affords flexibility respecting the precise aromatic concentrate produced, it is particularly directed toward the maximization of benzene.

Abstract: Selected aromatic hydrocarbon concentrates -- benzene, mixed xylenes, etc. -- are produced by way of a combination process which involves catalytic reforming followed by hot flash separation of a portion of the reformed product and dealkylation of the resulting hot flash liquid phase in admixture with a second portion of the reformed product. Although the process affords flexibility respecting the precise aromatic concentrate produced, it is particularly directed toward the maximization of benzene from normally liquid naphtha hydrocarbons boiling up to about 425.degree. F. (218.degree. C.).

Abstract: Selected aromatic hydrocarbon concentrates--benzene, mixed xylenes, etc.--are produced by way of a combination process which involves catalytic reforming followed by hot flash separation and dealkylation of the separated hot flash liquid phase. Although the process affords flexibility respecting the precise aromatic concentrate produced, it is particularly directed toward the maximization of benzene.

Abstract: A feedstock comprising olefinic hydrocarbons having more than one double bond per molecule is selectively hydrogenated to produce hydrocarbons having less unsaturation relative to the feedstock by contacting the feedstock in the presence of steam and hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal or an oxide thereof on a carrier comprising a Group II metal aluminate spinel containing tin or an oxide of tin. The feedstock can be produced by reforming paraffin and cycloparaffin hydrocarbons in the presence of steam with a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal or an oxide thereof on a carrier comprising a Group II metal aluminate spinel containing tin or an oxide of tin.

Abstract: Synthetic natural gas and high octane motor fuel blending stock is produced by catalytically reforming naphtha at low severity to maximize production of aromatics and minimize hydrocracking, and then converting the remaining paraffins to methane in a methanation zone. The effluent from the methanation zone is separated into synthetic natural gas and motor fuel blending stock.

Abstract: Process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from gasolines substantially free of mono- and diolefins, comprising an aromizing step in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature from 400.degree. to 600.degree. C under a pressure from 1 to 30 kg/cm.sup.2 followed with the separation of an aromatic cut and of an alkylaromatic cut and a step of hydrodealkylating said alkylaromatic cut by means of hydrogen recovered from the aromizing step, in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature from 400.degree. to 650.degree. C, under a pressure substantially equal or lower than that of the aromizing step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly xylenes, by dehydrocyclodimerization of a C.sub.4 feedstock in the presence of a catalyst comprising alumina promoted by zinc or a zinc compound.

Abstract: A process is disclosed wherein a naphtha feedstock is subjected to hydrotreating, a C.sub.5 + fraction from the hydrotreating zone effluent is catalytically reformed in a reforming zone with the reformate being subjected to selective catalytic hydrocracking to produce C.sub.4 + liquid fraction. The liquid fraction is then admixed with a portion of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons obtained from the hydrotreating zone effluent.

Abstract: A reforming operation is described which incorporates a zeolite selective conversion catalyst as a final catalyst composition contacted under temperature conditions controlled by quench gas as a function of product and seasonal demands. Preferably the zeolite catalyst is included as a separate downstream bed of catalyst in an enlarged final reactor of a three reactor reforming operation.

Abstract: Previously hydroformed feedstocks are upgraded to improve their octane rating by contacting said feedstocks in the presence of hydrogen with a sulfactivated catalyst comprising a metallic hydrogenation component, such as a platinum group metal, in combination with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having uniform pore openings of about 5 Angstrom units. In its more specific aspects, the catalyst further contains a Group II-B metal such as zinc.