Abstract: A cloudy water recovery and recycling apparatus and method of use. The apparatus recovers cloudy water defined as water recovered from the rinse cycle of a clothes washing machine. The apparatus is comprised of an electronic controller, a storage tank, a trap having a lint screen, a pumping means, and a pressurized storage container. Water from a clothes washing machine is separated into rinse water and wash water by an electronic controller. The wash water is disposed of and the rinse water is strained to remove lint, collected in the storage tank, treated with dye and bactericide, pumped from the storage tank to a pressurized container and then utilized to flush at least one toilet.

Abstract: An integrated cell culture-protein purification system has been developed for the continuous, automated production of pure cell culture protein products. The instrument comprises a bioreactor subunit having a hollow fiber bioreactor to culture and maintain cells which secrete the desired product into the cell culture medium. The culture medium is circulated through a purification cartridge which adsorbs the desired product. The system is capable of continuously removing the product from the culture medium by immunoaffinity adsorption and pure product is then recovered. The product can also be recovered automatically in a discontinuous operation from the spent culture medium by either affinity, ion exchange, or hydrophobic purification techniques. The integrated system allows continuous production of high-quality, pure proteins from cell culture.

Abstract: A denitrification apparatus, for use in a wastewater treatment system having a mixed liquor source, is disclosed. The apparatus has at least two non-aerated continuous channels, connected in series. Wastewater flows from the mixed liquor source into the series of channels and then flows back into the mixed liquor source. In a preferred embodiment the inlets and outlets for each channel are arranged so that the flow into the channel is into the lower portion of the channel, and the flow from the channel is from the upper portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which water is magnetically treated to retard the growth of zebra mussels in water systems, thereby reducing the requirements and cost of water-system maintenance and the quantity of toxic chemical treatments released to the environment. The method includes removing a volume of water from a zebra mussel infested environment, magnetically treating the water, then returning the treated water back to the environment. The apparatus includes a permanent magnet of alternating polarity to form a magnetic field through which the water is treated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing blood direct blood through the inlet of a separation device for removing undesired matter while directing the blood substantially free of undesired matter from the outlet of the separation device and into a collection container through the first port. The systems and methods expel residual air from the collection container through a second port different than the first port.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for separating substances from an influent fluid by means of dissolved-gas flotation, in which a flotation tank has at least one fixed fluid inlet for the influent fluid and at least one mixture inlet for a fluid-gas mixture. Associated with the mixture inlet is a depressurization element for at least partial decompression of the fluid-gas mixture directly into the flotation tank, with the depressurization element being arranged essentially below the influent liquid inlet. The essential advantages of the invention are that, owing to the direct decompression directly below the flow of the influent liquid, a more efficient flotation process is effected. The losses after decompression can be kept low, and the gas bubbles formed can be immediately employed for flotation.

Abstract: A variable residence time treatment system for liquid has a reactor vessel with variable effective holding volume. Liquid is admitted with at least one treatment material to adjust a property of the liquid, such as its pH, a discharge outlet is open full time during operation of the system to pass discharge flow from the reactor tank at its full holding volume. Treated liquid can be selectively discharged when the reactor vessel is less than full. Thus, the effective resident time of liquid in the reactor vessel is controlled by controlling the effective holding volume of the reactor tank in response to a holding volume control signal. A sensor monitors a property of the liquid and generates a corresponding input signal. A controller generates the control signal in response to the input signal.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur dioxide in a fluid such as, for example, sulfolene or sulfolane, comprises circulating the fluid in a loop under conditions sufficient to effect the removal of sulfur dioxide from the fluid wherein the loop comprises at least one spraying device such as, for example, a spray nozzle.

Abstract: A liquid purification system is disclosed. In this system water is pumped into a filter cartridge. A reverse osmosis filter membrane in the filter cartridge removes impurities from the water, but not all of the water passes through the membrane. Water passing through the membrane exits the filter cartridge through a first outlet port, and is sent to a storage tank. Water not passing through the filter membrane exits the filter cartridge through a second outlet port. This water then passes through a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve can be adjusted to vary the water pressure and flow rates in the system. Some of the water exiting the pressure relief valve passes through a flow restrictor valve and then to drain. The flow restrictor maintains a constant flow rate at variable pressures. In this system, the flow restrictor is operable to maintain the same flow rate through it to drain and through the first filter outlet port.

Abstract: A sluicing operation for entertainment comprises a two portion unit, having storage facilities and sluicing area with at least one trough at approximately a 2.degree. angle. The storage facilities have a water/ore separation unit, precious material holding bin with measuring device, conveyor and ore weighing device. The conveyor transports the precious material and ore to a holding unit where it is dispensed. Pipes circulate the water or ore/water combination. The bottom of the trough can be mesh, the ore filtering through onto a second conveyor where it is carried to an ore receiving area. A flared side sluicing pan with a perforated base separates the highly polished ore and precious material. A controlled artificial river forms a permanent sluicing operation using passive filtration dams with controlled inlet ports. The water is filtered through filtration matting before entering the inlet ports. The riverbed is filled with gemstone and gold enriched sand and gravel.

Abstract: A bioreactor for separating contaminants from fluid and degrading the separated contaminants is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for use in an evaporator for selectively controlling the flow of solid particles within the evaporator. The method provides for the separation of solids from a liquid through the use of a separation chamber having a plurality of apertures, each of which has a critical size. In the separation chamber, solid particles which are larger than a critical size are separated from the remainder of the solution. The separated particles exit the separation chamber via a bypass conduit for circulation directly to the sump of the evaporator for recombining with the separated liquid portion which passed through the separation chamber and was subsequently concentrated in the heat exchange tubes. The method prevents solid particles from clogging the system and allows for continuous circulation of the solution and solid particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dissolved air floatation (DAF) and for gas-liquid contacting operations by dissolved air floatation. A number of involute flow channels in a container have inlets and outlets positioned at either end for involutional or evolutional flow of a mixture of liquid and dissolved gas. Liquid turbulence and mixing are prevented in order to achieve a near plug-flow condition for maximum separation. Other uses of the method and apparatus include hydraulic flocculation of suspended matters in a liquid, separation of non-floatable suspended matters, oxidation of dissolved organic matter, activated sludge processes, purification of water using a biocide, separation by absorption of gases, stripping by desorption of dissolved gases, and gas-liquid reactions.

Abstract: An apparatus for recycling wastewater solutions includes a treatment tank and an air-operated pump and piping system for pumping wastewater contaminated with oil, heavy metals, and suspended solids from industrial equipment such as a jetwasher to the treatment tank, and for subsequently returning the purified water solution to the industrial equipment for reuse. A weir tube initially skims oil contaminants from the surface of wastewater in the treatment tank into a collection vessel. The recycling apparatus is powered solely by compressed air, which drives a rotary air motor powering mixing vanes in the treatment tank. Exhaust air from the mixing motor outlets into the treatment tank for the purpose of creating turbulence to enhance mixing. Air directed through an induction nozzle entrains flocculating polymer powder from a hopper in an air stream within a polymer supply hose exhausting into the treatment tank.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of creating circulation of a mixture containing solid waste and water such as sludge and separating these components. The apparatus includes a tank housing, in inverted funnel-like element within the housing for constricting upward flow of a gasborne mixture, a trapped gas pocket for degassing the gasborne mixture, a containment element interposed between an effluent weir and the inverted funnel for directing downward and outward flow of the degassed mixture, and a deflecting surface in the path of the downward flow to promote settling of the solids from the degassed mixture and for allowing clarified water to rise within the containment element and the tank housing to reach the effluent weir. For aerobic treatment, a diffuser is arranged within the inverted funnel to supply air or gas to create upward flow of the gasborne mixture.

Abstract: An apparatus for gas entrainment of wastewater in an anaerobic wastewater treatment system, the use of which includes the steps of withdrawing wastewater from an anaerobic digester and piping it into a flotation container. Thereafter the wastewater is pumped into a free standing tank having pressure in the tank maintained at a predetermined level through the injection into the tank of compressed gas generated by anaerobic digestion occurring in the treatment system. The wastewater is removed from the tank and pumped through a multiple jet configuration wherein gas from the tank is entrained in the wastewater as the water is injected back into the tank. The gas entrained water is then discharged from the tank back into the flotation container where the gas bubbles particles to the surface of the water to form a sludge layer.

Abstract: A safety air diverter for use in open-heart surgery comprises a perfusate chamber having an air outlet port in fluid communication with the interior of the perfusate chamber, a perfusate outlet port in fluid communication with the interior of the perfusate chamber opposite and in axial alignment with the air outlet port, and a perfusate inlet port in fluid communication with the interior of the perfusate chamber. A fluid containment and air exit line extends outwardly from the air outlet port, while a purge line provides fluid communication between the fluid containment and air exit line and the perfusate inlet port. A pressure responsive ball valve travels in a track in communication with and in axial alignment with the air outlet port, and selectively seats in an O-ring positioned in the air outlet port. The track can extend to and be in communication with the perfusate outlet port, with an O-ring also positioned adjacent the perfusate outlet port.

Abstract: A processing wall is made part of a boundary of a continuous re-entrant lumen, another part of which is a return section. A free, wall conditioning shuttle circulates around this lumen, clearing accumulated material from the processing wall and returning through the return section to circulate again. While the shuttle is in the return section it blocks flow through the return section and while the shuttle is circulating through the processing wall a blocking structure blocks flow through the return section.

Abstract: Water-based industrial cleaning solutions are stripped of mixed oil and high density particulate (dirt) contamination by a full or partial flow system through, first, a centrifugal separator to produce two effluent flow streams respective to low and high density contamination. Each centrifugal separator effluent stream is conducted to and through respective gravimetric separators producing three effluent streams each. The two purified cleaning solution streams are combined for recycling. The two oil effluent streams are combined for disposal. The two particulate dominated streams are combined for screen or matrix filtration.A small side stream such as effluent from the screen or filter is treated with ozone for bacterial control prior to recombination.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus for removing potentially combustible substances from water includes a biological fluid bed reactor that is supplied by a first conduit with contaminated water and that treats this water, under aerobic conditions, before discharging it as treated effluent containing a significantly reduced concentration of contaminants. The liquid treatment apparatus also includes a gas dissolution apparatus for providing dissolved oxygen to the contaminated water flowing through the first conduit to sustain biological action in the reactor. The gas dissolution apparatus includes an oxygenator including a pressurized bubble contactor disposed in a recycle conduit connected between the outlet of the reactor and the first conduit.

Abstract: A fluid classifier for separating particles from a lading for operation with a lading tank including a filter unit for mounting in the tank and having capillary passages for fluid flow from the tank externally of the filter unit to the interior of the filter unit for providing a pressure differential across the capillary passages resulting from a difference in fluid level in the tank and within the filter unit, a drive for rotating the filter unit in the tank, and a pump for pumping fluid from filter unit interior to the outlet. Ultrasonic transducers positioned along the filter unit for agitating the lading adjacent the capillary passages. A method of controlling fluid flow through the capillary passages.

Abstract: A method for clarifying a contaminated fluid in a main separator vessel having therein a cyclonic flow chamber. A spiral preliminary spinner introduces the contaminated fluid to be separated in a stratified condition into the cyclonic flow chamber by a tangential inlet so as to establish a swirling body of fluid; the cyclonic flow chamber has concentric shells positioned below the tangential inlet for discharging separated solids to a collection area and separating an oil and water mixture into a fluid flow zone formed by the cyclonic flow chamber and the wall of the separator vessel wherein water and oil are separated by aeration provided by eductors; a vertical outlet port discharges separated oil and gas from the upper portion of the cyclonic flow chamber to a fluid flow zone wherein oil and gas are separated. The separated water, oil, gas and solids are removed through discharge ports.

Abstract: It is proposed, in accordance with the invention, that a pressurized water purifier which includes an inlet conduit, a pressure-elevating pump mounted in the inlet conduit, a filter or membrane type purifying unit, a purified-water outlet conduit and a reject conduit for concentrated contaminated water that the reject conduit (22) includes a pressure-limiting valve (28) which is controlled by the pressure in the outlet conduit (18). This will enable the water purifier to operate at a required, high internal working pressure, while enabling the pressure of the purified water to be maintained at a maximum level limited by the water conduit system and to be varied in response to the water taken from the system in the absence of pulsations.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for oxidizing industrial spent caustic streams, whereby oxidation of spent caustic occurs in a unitary processing tower with three chambers that cooperate simultaneously to oxidize the caustic in the first chamber; to separate the caustic from the oxidizing gas in the second chamber; and, in the third chamber, to pass gas and cooled caustic through a mass transfer apparatus that cools and cleans the gas and releases the caustic and gas into a gas-liquid separation zone of the upper chamber. An alternative embodiment of the invention involves spatially separating the upper chamber from the other two chambers.

Abstract: The water remediation and purification apparatus includes a cavitation nozzle which is operated with a throat size and pressure drop to incur cavitation in the water. The explosive and implosive bubble growth and collapse produces free radicals which interact with contaminants in the water to oxidize the contaminants. The cavitation process is enhanced by (1) a variable throat nozzle, (2) recycling the product back through the nozzle for further oxidation, and (3) programmable control feedback. Subsequent ultraviolet radiation from high energy lamps, ion exchange and/or degassifying treatment can be employed to produce water quality within acceptable levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bioreactor unit for the aerobic biological treatment of hydrocarbon contaminated waste water and off-gases. The bioreactor comprises a biotreatment chamber comprising a vertically extending housing unit forming the walls, floor and ceiling of the biotreatment chamber. The housing unit also comprises a door for accessing the biotreatment chamber. The biotreatment chamber also comprises waste water inlet means for discharging waste water under pressure from the upper portion of the biotreatment chamber, onto a plurality of superimposed water treatment trays disposed substantially horizontally inside the chamber, the water treatment trays being adapted for retrieval from the biotreatment chamber through the door of the housing unit. Each water treatment tray has at least one bottom porous section adapted to receive contact media.

Abstract: A self-diluting feedwell for a thickener or settling tank includes a delivery pipe for providing an influent feed stream of slurry, a nozzle for directionally discharging the influent feed stream, and an eductor structure including a launder zone for receiving the nozzle discharge, a throat zone for creating a reduced pressure area for eduction of diluent into the launder zone, and a discharge zone for dispensing the diluted influent into a thickener or settling tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sewage disposal apparatus employing large buoyant filter media and is directed to prevent effectively clogging in these filter media. The intended object of the invention can be attained by circulating the filter media by a circulation arrangement to allow the filter bed as a whole to flow very calmly, and more efficiently by removing sludge deposited on the filter media utilizing the circulatory movement of the filter media.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissolved air floatation (DAF) and for gas-liquid contacting operations by dissolved air floatation. A number of involute flow channels in a container have inlets and outlets positioned at either end for involutional or evolutional flow of a mixture of liquid and dissolved gas. Liquid turbulence and mixing are prevented in order to achieve a near plug-flow condition for maximum separation. Other uses of the method and apparatus include hydraulic flocculation of suspended matters in a liquid, separation of non-floatable suspended matters, oxidation of dissolved organic matter, activated sludge processes, purification of water using a biocide, separation by absorption of gases, stripping by desorption of dissolved gases, and gas-liquid reactions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treatment of an effluent containing an organic chlorine compound in the presence of a porous iron type metallic article and hydrogen peroxide thereby effecting oxidizing decomposition of the organic chlorine compound, operated by a procedure which comprises causing the organic chlorine compound having hydrogen peroxide incorporated preparatorily therein to be circulated through a closed vessel having the porous iron type metallic article disposed therein thereby effecting oxidizing decomposition of the organic chlorine compound and then simultaneously circulating and aerating the effluent containing the organic chlorine compound under the condition of keeping the upper part of the closed vessel in an opened state thereby effecting oxidizing decomposition of the organic chlorine compound or causing the gaseous phase stagnating in the upper part of the vessel to be introduced into the effluent.

Abstract: Systems and methods for separating a suspension of plasma and platelets from whole blood rotate a chamber about an axis to create within the chamber a low-G zone radially close to the axis and a high-G zone spaced radially further from the axis than the low-G zone. The systems and methods introduce whole blood into an inlet region of the chamber to initiate separation of red blood cells toward the high-G zone of the inlet region. This creates a strong flow of plasma that moves radially toward the low-G zone of the inlet region and elutes platelets into suspension with it. The systems and methods direct the radial flow of plasma and eluted platelets within the inlet region to a port in the inlet region for transport out of the chamber. The systems and methods also drag the interface into this radial plasma flow, eluting even the largest of platelets into suspension for collection.

Abstract: A sequencing batch apparatus being manually or automatically operated for treating a contaminated water is described. The present invention specifically relates to the apparatus comprising an inlet pipe, a batch reactor, a chemical feeder means, at least one mixing means, a coarse bubble distribution means, a fine bubble distribution means, a liquid discharge means, and sludge discharge means for required liquid treatment, and further alternatively comprising a gas moving means, a gas pipe, a flow meter, an enclosure and a gas purification means for air emission control upon demand. The present invention further relates to an apparatus system comprising means for recovering precious metal, controlling optimum pH in an acid range, reducing hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, controlling optimum pH in a base range, oxidizing cyanide, destroying phosphite, separating flocs, exchanging metals, adsorbing contaminants, neutralizing an effluent, and controlling gas emission.

Abstract: An external-loop perfusion bioreactor for cultivating microbial, plant, animal or insect cells to produce valuable metabolites has a riser conduit; a cell culture medium inlet in the riser conduit; an inlet for an oxygen containing gas in the riser conduit; a downcomer conduit, having an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion of the downcomer conduit being in the shape of a truncated cone; an upper and lower transfer conduit connecting the riser conduit and the downcomer conduit; a spent medium outlet port defining a liquid level surface in the upper portion of the downcomer conduit; and a baffle means having a fluid impermeable wall for creating a settling zone in the upper portion of the downcomer conduit. A series of conical lamellar settling surfaces can be arranged in the settling zone to enhance particle separation from the aqueous medium.

Abstract: The present invention is a gas scrubbing system for removing hydrogen sulfide gas from a wastewater system. Pumps draw wastewater from a wastewater source within the system for injection through aerators which aerats aspirate hydrogen sulfide gas and oxygen from the wastewater source. The aerators mix the wastewater with the hydrogen sulfide gas and oxygen which is returned to the system as oxygenated wastewater containing elemental sulfur. The water and sulphur are then delivered to the treatment plant for final treatment.

Abstract: An anaerobic reaction system for treatment of a continuous flow of wastewater comprises a wastewater inlet, a first anaerobic reactor connected to the inlet, a second anaerobic reactor connected to the inlet and parallel to the first reactor, and a split box between the inlet and the first and second reactor. The split box channels the continuous flow of wastewater to the first reactor and to the second reactor. Effluent empties from the first reactor while wastewater in the second reactor is anaerobically reacted upon and clarified. Alternately, effluent empties from the second reactor while wastewater contained in the first reactor is anaerobically reacted upon and clarified.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sewage treatment apparatus formed of an aeration chamber; and a settling chamber, into which aerated water is introduced from the aeration chamber for sedimentation of sludges. In this apparatus, the settling chamber is disposed upwardly of the aeration chamber. A bottom portion of the settling chamber serves as a hopper unit having a surface tapered downwards to an opening for discharging the sludges. A washing water supply unit for flowing out the washing water for washing away the deposited sludges is provided towards the hopper unit.

Abstract: Apparatus for filtering cellulose acetate solutions, including a backflush filter to effect filtration so as to avoid solvent losses and filtering aids that must be dumped, dilution means including solvent supply means for diluting the backflush liquid, separation means for eliminating solid insoluble components, and means for recycling backflush liquid freed from solids to a plant for producing new cellulose acetate spin solution.

Abstract: A monitoring device (18, 19 or 21) for optically monitoring residual contamination of oil particles is arranged downstream of filter zone for filtering water (9) in order to block off, if necessary, a discharge line (7). Circulatory operation in which the liquid is recycled through the filter zone (9) is preferably first switched in on exceeding a threshold value for the residual contamination, in order to overcome any eventually occurring "apparent contamination", for example small air bubbles, there is also provided mechanisms for distinguishing between residual and apparent contamination.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for improvement of water quality in a pond or similar body of water. A main conduit is located below the water surface and extending generally parallel to the shoreline. A plurality of distribution conduits are attached at intervals to the main conduit and operated sequentially so that water pumped through the system causes circulation of water in the pond. Each distribution conduit will preferably incorporate an aspirator to aerate the pumped water. The pumped water will also normally contain a mixture of microorganisms, enzymes and nutrients which are discharged into the body of water to clarify the body of water of contaminants and to maintain the water quality thereafter. Also disclosed is a method of improving water quality using the apparatus and the mixture. The invention provides for thorough, efficient and rapid decontamination of ponds and elimination of stagnant areas, as well as for maintaining the ponds in clean and healthy conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the biological treatment of waste water using microorganisms whose living conditions are maintained by addition of oxygen into a contact path. An underwater support frame has a double-walled duct arranged as a contact path such that the duct is placed angularly towards a surface of the water. The duct is made for holding air bubbles to prevent the premature rise of the air bubbles added by an aerator providing air at the beginning of the contact path. The contact path has a suction point at an end which is connected via a fresh organism pipe with the aerator. A connection piece connects the aerator to a suction pipe at the beginning of the contact path. The other end of the suction pipe is connected to a flowing-in opening located at a distance from the aerator contrary to the flow direction, for supplying contaminated water to the aerator before the water actually reaches the contact path.

Abstract: A filter medium is provide in a tubular structure configured in the form of a closed loop. Filter maintenance structures mounted on a continuous string lying within the lumen of the tubular structure are continually driven over the surface of a filter medium to maintain an optimum condition of the filter surface. This string with attached filter maintenance structures is driven around the loop of the tubular structure by hydraulic forces generated by the fluid introduced into the apparatus for filtering.

Abstract: A processing wall is made part of a boundary of a continuous reentrant lumen, and wall conditioning runners circulate around this lumen to dislodge accumulated material from the processing wall and thereby continually restore the wall to the condition required for efficient operation.

Abstract: Multi-Stage centrifugal extractors for separating two liquids of differing densities wherein each stage includes a decantation chamber which surrounds and receives liquids from a mixing chamber and wherein a portion of at least one of the separated liquids is recycled from the decantation chamber to the mixing chamber at each stage.

Abstract: A separation and reclamation apparatus for separating a first discrete-phase solids material from a fluid mixture including, in addition, a second discrete-phase solids material and a continuous-phase carrier fluid, has a unitary vessel having a discharge tank connected to a receiving tank and in fluid communication therewith through an opening on the bottom side wall of the receiving tank. The receiving tank both mixes and transports the mixture. A controller actuates a door over the opening for transport of the first discrete-phase solids material out of the receiving tank into the discharge tank via a conveyor having an open discharge end higher than the top of the receiving tank. The apparatus includes a pump arranged to intake material from the discharge tank from contents remaining in the vessel after removal of the first discrete-phase solids.

Abstract: A wastewater orbital treatment system includes an elongated racetrack-like tank containing a central partition wall. A surface aerator is mounted adjacent to at least one end of the partition wall to both aerate and propel the mixed liquor including biomass around the orbital tank. An aerobic zone for BOD and ammonia oxidation is provided in an upper layer of the moving volume of mixed liquor and an anoxic zone for reduction of NO.sub.x from the aerobic zone, by anoxic respiration by the biomass, is provided in a lower layer of the moving volume of mixed liquor. An imperforate horizontal baffle is provided under the surface aerator so as to prevent dissolved oxygen in the aerobic zone from entering the anoxic zone. The NO.sub.x from the aerobic zone is introduced through a free interface of the two vertically displaced zones downstream of the baffle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a three phase separator which comprises a compartment for the substantial separation of the gas-phase, this compartment being equipped with at least one partition which is applied for an internal gaslift circulation.

Abstract: A biochemically enhanced hybrid anaerobic reactor (BEHAR) system has been developed for treatment of high strength industrial wastewaters. The process is designed and operated based on specific criteria developed around critical biochemical and microbiological principles of the facultative and anaerobic microorganisms involved in anaerobic treatment. Biological kinetic relationships developed by the inventor for substrate removal, methane gas production, and biogas quality control as a function of the mass substrate loading rate are used for designing and operating the BEHAR process. A specific formulation of biological growth micronutrients has been developed for enhancing the anaerobic treatment process. Ferric chloride, one of the chemicals used as a micronutrient, is also utilized for sulfide toxicity control, biogas cleaning without scrubbing, and odor control.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the invention are directed to the removal of pollutants from ponds, lagoons, streams, and similar waters. Floating apparatus is designed to house, nurture, and support colonies of fixed-film bacteria and/or more complex microorganisms specifically appropriate for consuming the particular contaminants present in the pond being treated. The colonies of microorganisms are first grown as bio-films in a relatively large bio-chamber that is filled with bio-suspension forms. Then, only after the colonies become large and stable, is pond water circulated through the bio-chamber, such circulation being gentle and without agitation. The apparatus also includes (a) a pond-water intake; (b) a water mixing chamber; and (c) an equipment pod which houses water and air pumps, a water heater, a weather station, water-condition monitoring devices, and a microprocessor.

Abstract: A transportable apparatus for biological treatment of a slurry of contaminated materials, including a series of square reactor cells having substantially parabolic lower portions, set at the same elevation and communicating in series. Gas diffusers are placed in each cell for aerating and mixing the slurry, and an airlift slurry transport system is employed for recirculating the slurry. The apparatus also has applicability to the treatment of water and waste water.

Abstract: A three-phase well test apparatus and method using a two-phase separator. A separator is used to separate well fluid into gas and liquid constituents. The gas constituent is measured by a gas flow meter, and a pressure control valve is used to prevent surging of the gas beyond the range of the meter A pump is used to pump liquid out of the separator through a liquid flow line. A recirculating line is provided, and a valve may be acutated between a flow position and a recirculating position in response to a liquid level in the separator. When liquid is not being flowed for measurement, it is recirculated to the separator and thereby continuously mixed to maintain the liquid in a homogeneous condition. Downstream from the valve is a liquid meter and a meter prover connection. The recirculation mixes the liquid A mixer may be positioned downstream from the pump to additionally mix the liquid flowing therethrough.