Abstract: A method and apparatus for the continuous degradation of hazardous paint and organic solvent wastes. The apparatus includes a high performance fixed film bioreactor system into which is fed waters contaminated with paints or solvents from industrial operations and which utilizes the characteristic of either anaerobic or aerobic microorganisms growing on a fixed film for the degradation of these solvents and purification of contaminated waters. The bioreactor incorporates novel internal flow features which result in highly effective destruction of organic wastes in aqueous streams.

Abstract: The invention relates to injecting ozone through at least one injecting means operating with a pressure drop of at least about 35 psi into a pressurized stream of aqueous solution, allowing the ozone injected stream to travel or flow at a velocity of at least about 7 feet per second for a distance sufficient to dissolve at least about 70% of the ozone injected and mixing the resulting ozonated stream with an aqueous stream solution to be ozonated.

Abstract: An improved gas dissolving and releasing liquid treatment system involving the use of multi-stages gas dissolving pressure vessel and the use of a pressurized water release assembly and an open vessel is described. The gas dissolving and releasing liquid treatment system includes a liquid pressure pump, a pressure vessel, a gas injector, an inlet nozzle assembly, a gas compressor, gas regulators, gas flow meters, pressure gauges, a safety valve, a bleed-off point, feeders, pumps, a pressurized water release unit, a liquid flow meter, an open vessel, sludge removal means, and air emission control means. More than one gases introduced at different inlets are dissolved simultaneously and efficiently in the pressure vessel under controlled high pressure and high rotating velocity. The improved liquid treatment system is compact, simple and cost-effective, and is applied to ozonation, chlorination, recarbonation, oxygenation, bio-oxidation, nitrogenation, aeration, and flotation processes.

Abstract: A radial mixing header for use with apparatus that removes solids from a liquid by dissolved air flotation (DAF). The header comprises a par of concentric pipes circumscribed by a concentric mixing chamber having a tangential port for introduction of the recycled gas-liquid stream thereinto. The recycled stream achieves rotary and turbulent motion and mixes in a larger diameter pipe with the raw solids-containing stream which flows through a smaller diameter pipe.

Abstract: Simplified single cell fluid flow apparatus for flotation removal of suspended impurities and liquids are provided wherein the method and apparatus are directed to an induced gas liquid coalescer for flotation separation of suspended impurities. The apparatus provides for a separation vessel which can be fabricated to withstand internal pressure requirements experienced in flotation separation devices wherein the apparatus induces maximum gas volumes consistent with optimum mass transfer of gas medium to suspended impurities in the liquid while controlling intercell or vessel chamber turbulence. Such maximum gas induction achieved without turbulence is through the use of microscopic gas bubbles. Such microscopic gas bubbles provide massive surface area with which the suspended impurities adhere and allows for various apparatus utilization.

Abstract: Small quantities of one or more liquids having a high boiling point dispersed with a large quantity of one or more immiscible liquids having a lower boiling point are separated in a rapid and efficient manner. A non-reactive compressed gas is heated by recycled energy and make-up energy to a temperature above the boiling point of at least one liquid but below that of at least one other liquid. The heated gas is combined with the unheated liquid mixture to be separated, and the liquid-gas blend is mixed, heated and distributed by an improved nebulizer, forming a mist inside a vessel containing a pool liquid of at least one liquid having a boiling point higher than that of at least one other liquid, which pool liquid has been heated to a temperature above the boiling point of at least one liquid but below its own boiling point. The liquid having high-boiling-point in the mist settles by gravity and merges with the pool liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aeration of waste water in a dissolved air flotation waste water treatment system includes a container for receiving and retaining waste water for settling of heavy particles and flotation of light particles to the surface of the waste water. Waste water is removed from the container and supplied to a free standing tank. Pressure in the tank is maintained at a predetermined level through the injection of compressed air into the tank. Waste water removed from the tank is pumped through a multiple jet configuration wherein air from the tank is entrained in the waste water as the water is injected back into the tank. The aerated water is discharged from the tank back into the container, thereby providing an efficient aeration process. Aerating the water in a free standing tank separate from the container increases clarification quality as a result of reduced disturbance of the particles floated to the surface of the waste water and reduced need for chemical addition to the waste water.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the filtration of a creosote process stream laden with insoluble materials is provided. The apparatus comprises a filtration apparatus of a shell-and-tube configuration having filter material within for the separation of the xylene from the insolubles; the apparatus is comprised within a creosote filtration system which further includes a means for periodically backflushing the filtration system to reduce clogging of the filter material. The process and apparatus herein also finds use for filtration of other materials, including tars, pitches, and wastewaters.

Abstract: An oxidation ditch for biological aerobic treatment of wastewater having a velocity control system to establish an increased and more uniform cross-sectional velocity throughout the flow channel. The system includes a turning baffle member positioned in at least one of the end sections of the flow channel. The turning baffle member is provided with an end portion that has an upper edge that extends under a brush aerator located across an elongated section of the flow channel. The upper edge of the other portion of the turning baffle member extends above the surface of the flowing mixed liquor stream. The flow of the mixed liquor downstream of the brush aerator is unrestricted by flow baffles located in the flow channel.

Abstract: A slurry filter apparatus in which a pump mechanism having a valve and a valve seat, each of which is made of a wear-resisting metal material, is capable of moving a slurry of high density and containing hard particles, under pressure, the flow of slurry being injected so as to strike the face of the filter at an a predetermined, non-tangential angle. Coarse particles contained in the slurry are uniformly dispersed by the shearing forces due to cavitation generated through the high pressure injection of the slurry and abrupt speed changes of the flow of slurry. A caked layer of particular material is thereby prevented from forming on the surface of the filter.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of diatomite, especially in a filtration sludge for disposal in a landfill or reuse as a filtration aid, having a flow dryer followed by a cyclone and filter separator. The dry product is then subjected to treatment in a high-temperature treatment chamber and a cyclonic separator separates 80% of the solids from the gas. These solids are quenched and then cooled. The balance of the solids in the gas stream are fed as the drying gas to the flow through dryer after water injection cooling to reduce the temperature of the hot gas to a temperature at below that which organics are volatilized in the dryer.

Abstract: A separation tank adapted for use in washing and separating recycled polymeric material from contaminants, the separation tank comprising a centrally disposed baffle and being adapted to receive and circulate an aqueous medium around the baffle; transversely mounted, rotatable members adapted to submerge floating material within the aqueous medium; transversely mounted, rotatable members adapted to aggressively agitate the surface of the aqueous medium; and longitudinally spaced sumps disposed in the floor of the tank on the side of the baffle opposite the agitation members to collect contaminants settling out of the aqueous medium; and members adapted to divide the aqueous medium into surface and subsurface portions for the respective recovery of the polymeric material and recirculation of the aqueous medium.

Abstract: An anaerobic digester for digesting animal manure and other biologically degradable material contains support media for enhancing the contact between the microbes in the digesting mass and the available nutrients. The digester includes a novel fluid circulation and distribution system. The distribution system prevents build up of heavy material in the bottom of the digester and prevents agglomeration of light material at the top of the digester. The digesting fluid travels over a floating weir into an intake and impeller assembly. The impeller drives the fluid through a conduit located adjacent the floor of the digester. Nozzles in the conduit project the fluid downwardly toward the floor thus causing a sweeping action on the floor. Fluid then flows upwardly past the support media. Risers are provided at the ends of the conduit, which terminate in nozzles at the surface of the digesting liquid.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for continuous separation and optional recovery of one or more contaminants from a liquid, and in particular, for isolation of one or more specific elements, isotopes, ions, complexes and/or compounds from mixtures of similar or dissimilar materials, whereby the liquid containing such mixture is treated continuously, and the thus-isolated material may if desired be economically recovered. Through the use of means for continuously moving an affinity medium in a direction countercurrent to the flow of a liquid containing the material to be isolated, it is possible to obtain contaminant removal efficiencies comparable or superior to what would be obtained with heretofore known methods, and to achieve selective removal of one or more contaminants from a mixture. The affinity medium is selected on the basis of its ability to form an association with one or more of the components of the mixture being treated.

Abstract: An oxidation ditch for circulating a waste water stream and having a channel formed by a continuous vertical outside wall extending upward from a bottom and having at least one section shaped to form a curved area into which a vertical turbine is operatively positioned and by a partition wall also extending upward from the bottom and positioned inside the outside wall with one of its ends adjacent the vertical turbine, the improvement of which comprises a baffle positioned in the channel upstream of the vertical turbine to minimize the mixing of the upstream waste water with the backwash created by the vertical turbine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new and improved apparatus for removing suspended matter from liquid. The apparatus has a single cell vertical cylindrical hydraulic flotation vessel which is provided with a separation wall to separate a lower gasification chamber from a middle degasification chamber and an upper gas chamber. A number of alternative arrangements are provided for controlling skim collection through controlling volume of liquid within the vessel and changing the volume of liquid through the use of adjustable timer which intermittently send signals to outlet valves of the skim collection outlet or of the treated liquid outlet.The invention provides for alternative arrangement of introducing liquid into the vessel, so as to achieve more intimate mixing of gas and liquid introduced into the vessel.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for the continuuous bioremediation of sites contaminated with a hazardous substances. The apparatus includes a subsurface pumping system, for removing the hazardous substance contained in a phase separate from groundwater, which is integrated with a means for microbiologically treating the contaminated site. The means for microbiologically treating the contaminated site preferably includes hazardous substance degrading microorganisms.In operation, a subsurface pumping system separates, either above or below-ground, a free-product phase from the contaminated groundwater. The separated free-product is stored for off-site disposal. Contaminated groundwater is fed into the microbiological treatment system for further treatment and eventual recirculation into the contaminated site.

Abstract: A simplified single cell fluid flow apparatus for flotation removal of suspended impurities and liquids are provided wherein the method and apparatus are directed to an induced gas liquid coalescer for flotation separation of suspended impurities. The apparatus provides for a separation vessel which can be fabricated to withstand internal pressure requirements experienced in flotation separation devices wherein the apparatus induces maximum gas volumes consistent with optimum mass transfer of gas medium to suspended impurities in the liquid while controlling intercell or vessel chamber turbulence. Such maximum gas induction achieved without turbulence is through the use of microscopic gas bubbles. Such microscopic gas bubbles provide massive surface area with which the suspended impurities adhere and allows for apparatus utilization which is smaller and more compact for comparative treatment volumes.

Abstract: A system for fixing anodized aluminum surfaces comprises a bath (1) of nickel fluoride solution in which the items are immersed following anodization, and a tank (2), connected with the bath by way of flow and return pipelines (4, 5) and containing a negative ion exchange resin bed charged with F-fluorine ions; the solution is circulated between bath and tank by a recycle pump (3), and the resin bed will be recharged by a regeneration device (7) whenever the fluorine ions have been totally or almost totally replaced by other negative ions.

Abstract: Aqueous slurries of particulate materials, particularly wood pulp slurries produced during the recycling of newsprint and other paper products, are processed to recover an accepts fraction in a rotary filter having a hollow cylindrical rotor. The rotor is modified to prevent plugging by outwardly tapering the inner wall of the rotor from its upstream towards a downstream end, so as to cause heavy particles tending to accumulate on the wall to flow towards the downstream end and not accumulate. At the downstream end, vane-like hub supports are provided angularly offset from the axis of the rotor to impart motion to the slurry passing through the rotor to assist in circulation of the slurry within the filter housing.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for filtering particles and gels from cellulose ester dope by passing the dope in plug flow through a tubular filter so as to cause particles and gels to migrate towards the center of the stream and shear forces along the filter walls to reduce the viscosity so that the boundary layer will exude through the filter walls. The concentrate containing the particles and gels is thereby separated from the filtrate.

Abstract: A system for continuously esparating lighter and intermediate density matter, such as plasma rich in platelets from whole blood moves blood through a diverging centrifugation gap between inner and outer walls of a rotor rotating about a central axis within an outer housing. The centrifugation action creates layered flow along an intermediate section. However by crating trailing wakes in the gap between the rotor and housing, localized remixing patterns tending to move in the opposite direction are induced in the layered matter. Platelet rich plasma may then be extracted through adjacent platelet concentrate ports on the inner wall of the rotor. An interior passageway system passes the platelet rich plasma to a platelet concentrate reservoir. Recirculation of blood in the rotor-housing gap between the output and input, and pumping action provided by the diverging centrifugation gap, aid in enhancing throughput and concentration levels.

Abstract: A process and any of several pump/circulators provide selective rapid mixing of influent wastewater with the mixed liquor in the channel of an oxidation ditch and thereby provide maximized use of the entire volume of the channel. The pump/circulator is disposed at the beginning of the anoxic zone and preferably receives the influent wastewater. The oxidation ditch is preferably a barrier oxidation ditch or at least a baffle oxidation ditch in order to prevent backmixing.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved vacuum assembly for forming a vacuum comprising a vacuum pump having water rings wherein a water stream is injected into the water rings of the vacuum pump and wherein the water stream is comprised of a combined fresh water and a recycled waste water stream and wherein the fresh water stream is used as a motivating force for an eductor for inducing the recycled waste water stream to form the water stream injected into the water rings of the vacuum pump.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating well water to remove dissolved minerals and entrained gases. An aerator is disposed within a well, the aerator being located being the frost line and the water table. Water from the reservoir within the well and/or from the associated pressure tank is directed through the aerator so that the aerator will cause gases such as hydrogen sulfide to be released from the water, and will also cause dissolved iron and manganese to oxidize and precipitate out of the water so that the quality of the water within the reservoir is substantially improved. The water flow through the aerator will preferably be controlled by the operation of a solenoid operated valve which may in turn be operated by a timer to cause periodic recycling of the water through the aerator and back into the reservoir.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for anaerobic purification of waste water, including a reactor space, a supply of influent at the lower side, gas separators and a discharge of gas and a discharge of effluent, respectively, at the upper side of the apparatus. Said apparatus is characterized in that it is in height subdivided into a reactor space, thereabove a sludge-water separator separated from the reactor space and a gas-sludgewater separator above the sludge-water separator separated therefrom, and the apparatus further includes a central tube for recirculating the anaerobic sludgewater material in the reactor space, with the supply for influent at the bottom. Futhermore the present invention also relates to a method for anaerobic purification of waste water with the aid of a suitable anaerobic sludge material, by the use of the apparatus of the invention as mentioned before. Said apparatus and method are particularly suitable for the quick and efficient anaerobic purification of waste water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new and improved apparatus for removing suspended matter from liquid. The apparatus has a single cell vertical cylindrical hydraulic flotation vessel which is provided with a separation wall to separate a lower gasification chamber from a middle degasification chamber and an upper gas chamber. A number of alternative arrangements are provided for controlling skim collection through controlling volume of liquid within the vessel and changing the volume of liquid through the use of adjustable timer which intermittently sends signals to outlet valves of the skim collection outlet or of the treated liquid outlet.The invention provides for alternative arrangement of introducing liquid into the vessel, so as to achieve more intimate mixing of gas and liquid introduced into the vessel.

Abstract: A method and system for removing pollutants dissolved in the aqueous discharge of a plant, such as a power plant, from a body of water having known hydraulogy and physicochemical characteristics, the method comprising (a) modifying the hydraulic system of the body of water including use of physical barriers to define a zone in a portion of the body of water which zone includes the discharge point and where the water has a range of physicochemical characteristics; (b) selecting a large and preferably filamentous, planktonically growing strain of algae adapted to absorb the particular pollutants and genetically dominating algae at the physicochemical characteristics of the zone; (c) establishing a colony of the selected algal strain in the zone; (d) harvesting a portion of the colony; and (e) reinnoculating the zone near the discharge point with a fraction of the harvested portion. The fraction used for reinnoculation can be adjusted to balance the rate of pollutant removal to the rate of pollutant discharge.

Abstract: A hydro-cyclone includes a hollow round casing having, co-axially in series, a cylindrical portion and a frusto-conical portion tapering toward one end of the cyclone. An end plate closes off the cylindrical portion opposed to the taper end. A tangential inlet conducts a fluid flow stream to be classified tangentially into the cylindrical portion. A co-axial, heavy fraction outlet is provided at the taper end. A co-axial, light fraction outlet is provided through the end plate, preferably via a porthole in the cylindrical portion axially spaced from the end plate. The invention provides for drawing-off of fluid flowing from the inlet inwardly in a boundary layer adjacent the end plate via a circulation outlet in the end plate, preferably annularly around the light fraction outlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for removal of suspended matter from a liquid, such as used for treatment of oil containing water. A cylindrical horizontal vessel is divided into a single gasification chamber and a single degasification chamber by a partition which extends through the interior chamber of the vessel and allows fluid communication between the two chambers. A liquid to be treated is introduced through distribution header(s) adjacent a bottom of the vessel and/or an alternative inlet nozzle which is combined with a gas eductor in order to achieve a more intimate mixture of the gas and liquid. The gas eductor has its outlet slightly above the outlet of the distribution headers.

Abstract: A system for continuously separating lighter and intermediate density matter, such as plasma rich in platelets from whole blood moves blood through a diverging centrifugation gap between inner and outer walls of a rotor rotating about a central axis within an outer housing. The centrifugation action creates layered flow along an intermediate section. However by crating trailing wakes in the gap between the rotor and housing, localized remixing patterns tending to move in the opposite direction are induced in the layered matter. Platelet rich plasm may then be extracted through adjacent platelet concentrate ports on the inner wall of the rotor. An interior passageway system passes the platelet rich plasma to a platelet concentrate reservoir. Recirculation of blood in the rotor-housing gap between the output and input, and pumping action provided by the diverging centrifugation gap, aid in enhancing throughput and concentration levels.

Abstract: Water is allowed to flow in parallel into a mixed bed in which an anion exchange resin and a cation exchange resin are disposed in a mixed state and into a single bed in which an anion exchange resin or a cation exchange resin is disposed. As the proportion of the flow rates of water introduced into the two beds is adjusted, the pH and electrical conductivity of water is controlled. Control is effected in such a manner that the pH and electrical conductivity of water are maintained at appropriate levels without using any chemicals.

Abstract: A vertical separator for separating crude oil into liquid and gas phases composed of an outer casing and two further sets of concentric tubing to enclose two annuli and a central passage, one annulus having an inlet to receive crude oil, the other annulus having an outlet for separated gas, each at the top of the separator. The central passage collects produced oil with a pump near its base and a pump drive pipe extending up it. The crude oil may flow down its annulus with a swirling motion which can be induced and assisted by a tangential inlet, and/or a cyclone at the top, and one or more helices in the annulus. The separator may be used for underwater wells and may extend partially or wholly into the sea bed with a protective cemented external casing around it.

Abstract: A fluid recirculation and makeup supply system having an alternate purification loop (84) in parallel with a portion of the recirculation loop (26). In the alternate purification mode of operation of the system a predetermined portion of the recirculated fluid is drawn through the purification loop (84) in parallel with a flow of the remainder of the recirculated fluid through the normal parallel recirculation flow path (86). The volume of fluid drawn through the purification path (84) is established to maintain the purification loop operating at its maximum efficiency. A makeup fluid supply loop (24) having a normal flow path (42) and an alternate, parallel filtration flow path (50), communicates with the recirculation loop (26).

Abstract: A microwave-based emulsion treating method and system comprising a microwave energy source, a microwave applicator for treating an emulsion, a separator vessel for receiving and separating microwave-treated emulsion, an oil-water analyzer for determining water content of the emulsion feed, and water supply means including control means responsive to the analyzer for adding a controlled amount of water to the emulsion feed going to the applicator. The added water may be recirculated from the separator.

Abstract: An improved wastewater aeration and mixed liquor pumping arrangement for an orbital-type actuated sludge purification method includes the addition of a radial flow impeller on a shaft extension below the normal surface aerator. Both the combined radial flow impeller and surface aerator are positioned with respect to an end of a partition wall forming the flow channels of the orbital system such that both the impeller and the aerator pump the mixed liquor in the same direction, so that the mixed liquor is moved at a sufficient velocity through and around the various channels and returned. The radial flow impeller is positioned adjacent to the bottom of the orbital channel and enhances the propulsion of the mixed liquor along the bottom of the channel thus permitting deeper channels with attendant concrete and land area savings in constructing the system.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating dispersed phases from fluid mixtures comprising a fluid separation chamber provided with a plurality of fluid outlet ports for discharge of fluids with different densities, and fluid inlet means for introducing the mixture into the chamber comprising at least one tubular neck portion in which a cluster of fibers is compressed to a fibrous bed. Each tubular neck portion is arranged to a level between the top portion and a bottom portion of the chamber and at an angle relative to the vertical thereby reducing the chance of accumulation of foamy or solid contaminants in the fibrous bed and allowing continuous removal thereof from the separation chamber.

Abstract: A frier incorporating filtering mechanism wherein a frier housing for frying food with edible oil contained and heated therein includes a partition disposed to define in the housing a suction space and to allow the oil to pass therethrough, a filtering web is provided to be movable at a part of the web along and over the partition, and the oil led through the web and suction space to the exterior of the housing is circulated back through a pump to the housing at a position higher than the partition, whereby impurities are kept being filtered out of the oil under use within the frier housing for frying even a large amount of food, to remarkably lower inherent oxidation of the oil.

Abstract: An oil filter device for an oil tank of a hydraulic device in which a drain opening of the oil tank is connected to the inflow passage of the oil filter device by an oil inflow pipe. An oil suction pipe of an oil pressure pump of an oil circulation system in the hydraulic device is connected to the outflow passage of the oil filter device by an oil return pipe. Further, a flow rate throttle is disposed in a preferred position of the oil return pipe.

Abstract: A skimmer system is provided for structures having a floor, two side walls and at least one open end, the structure being semi-submersibly positionable in a moving liquid stream. The skimmer system comprises at least one side trough having a bottom, an interior trough wall and an exterior trough wall. The exterior trough wall is coincident with the interior side of one side wall of the structure and is provided with at least one opening communicating betweeen the interior of the trough and the exterior of the structure. The interior trough wall is provided with at least one opening communicating between the interior of the trough and the interior of the structure.

Abstract: An immobilized reagent for the decontamination of fluids is described, consisting of a solid, carrier on which there are absorbed (a) polyethylene glycols, (b) alkali or alkaline-earth metal alcoholates.

Abstract: A solid-liquid separating apparatus for obtaining a liquid component, for example, from a used solid-liquid mixture for reuse of the same, which includes a filtering member having a hollow cylindrical shape made of a hard porous material such as porous ceramics, sintered metal, layered metal net, sintered resin, unwoven cloth, and the like. The hard porous material is provided with continuous air holes and a device is provided for reducing the pressure in the inner hollow space of the filtering member during the rotation thereof. A scraper is provided for scraping a solid component remaining on the filtering surface of the filtering member after the liquid component is sucked into the inner space of the filtering member. The separating apparatus further includes a cutter for effectively removing the solid component and a device which allows reuse of the mixture with solid particles evenly distributed therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and equipment for carrying out the degradation of various organic products or waste in an anaerobic medium. The equipment comprises a plurality of ducts for reinjecting biogas into a fermentation vat sidewise spaced from each other and disposed at least in the major part of the vat, the duct being fed with biogas individually or in groups through independent valves so as to subdivide the fermentation vat into sectors independently fed with biogas. Preferably, a container is provided for storing biogas under pressure. These features lead to a simplification of the equipment and a decrease in the manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the upflow ion exchange treatment of liquids in a single vessel containing a lower bed of cationic ion exchange resin and an upper bed of anionic ion exchange resin which are not separated by other physical devices but which can be separated by an inert resin. The anionic and cationic ion exchange resins in the vessel can be regenerated simultaneously in all of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments allow either countercurrent or cocurrent regeneration of the ion exchange resin beds.

Abstract: A reactor for waste water including a vessel 10 having two elongated outer channels 26, 28 sandwiching an elongated inner channel 30 with all the channels 26, 28 and 30 being connected to each other at both opposed ends thereof, a gate 64 at one of the ends 18 and movable between a first position isolating the channel 26 from the channels 28 and 30 and a second position isolating the channel 28 from the channels 26 and 30, rotors 32, 34 for each of the channels 26, 28 for aerating waste water in the vessel 10 and for causing the waste water to flow in the corresponding channels 26, 28 as well as the inner channel 30, and a pair of effluent outlets 98, 100, located at the end 18 and spaced to be on opposite sides of the gate 64, each selectively operable to withdraw effluent from the the outer channels 26, 28 on the associated side of the gate 64.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the oxidation of an aqueous suspension of organic matter at elevated temperature and pressure is disclosed. The organic matter is oxidized in a reactor having a reaction zone consisting of static mixer vane arrangement. The oxidized matter and oxygen-containing gas are circulated through the static mixer to promote the oxidation of the organic matter in reducing COD to the desired level.

Abstract: Water purification apparatus includes a housing 10 which contains water purification materials. Liquid which has been purified can be extracted via a manually operable dispensing element 16 which is coupled to the main housing by a flexible conduit 14. The element 16 can be supported with its nozzle in a receptacle 17 in the housing 10 where it can be irradicated by ultra violet radiation.

Abstract: A turbulence control system is provided comprising a first baffle, fixedly connected across the interior of an intra-channel clarifier having side walls between the side walls near the point of entry of wastewater into the clarifier, the first baffle covering a desired portion of the cross-sectional flow area within the clairifier; and a second baffle, fixedly connected across the interior of the clarifier between the side walls downstream of the first baffle and covering a desired portion of the cross-sectional flow area left uncovered by the first baffle. The turbulence control system may also comprise at least one accumulation baffle, connected between the side walls and near the bottom of the clarifier, the accumulation baffle extending upward to a desired height within the clarifier, but not so high as to produce a flow velocity which would impede settlement of sludge within the clarifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous elution and absorption apparatus comprising an upright column having a first upper end and a second lower end, means for feeding particulate material into the first end of the column, inlet means for feeding liquid into the column adjacent the second end thereof, outlet means for removing liquid from the column and means for removing particulate material from the second end of the column, wherein the outlet means for removing liquid comprises a screen located at an intermediate point between the first and second ends through which screen the liquid passes while the particulate material is retained in the column, said intermediate point being located above the point of introduction of the liquid so that liquid flows upwardly through the column, and there being provided screen means for preventing upflow of liquid to the first upper end of the column so that particulate fed into the first end of the column tends to rill and excess liquid flows downwardly and out thr

Abstract: A non-mixed vertical tower anaerobic digester and anaerobic digestion process provides passive concentration of biodegradable feed solids and microorganisms in an upper portion of a continuous digester volume and effluent withdrawal from the middle to bottom portion of the digester, resulting in increased solids retention times, reduced hydraulic retention times, and enhanced bioconversion efficiency. In addition, due to passive concentration of solids, the non-mixed anaerobic digester accommodates high solids loadings and provides separation of microbial phases within the continuous digester volume to achieve substantially complete bioconversion of biodegradable feedstock components.