Abstract: A method and apparatus for filtering particulates from a turbid liquid is provided. The apparatus is preferably used to filter particulates from water used to flush a pipeline after a cleaning operation, after hydrostatic testing or during product displacement at a high flow rate. The apparatus includes an inlet valve for receiving the turbid liquid from a liquid source connected to a gas buster for discharging the turbid liquid and air into a break tank located beneath the gas buster. A self-cleaning portable liquid filter having an inlet is connected to an outlet of the break tank and includes a screen filter for receiving the turbid liquid from the break tank. Particulates from the turbid water are accumulated on an internal surface of the screen filter and clean water is discharged from the filter through a discharge port. A flush mechanism is provided to rinse the accumulated particulate cake from the surface of the screen filter upon actuation of an automatic rinse cycle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a granular carrier and a method for producing the same, and to an apparatus for treating sewage or waste water by using the granular carriers. The granular carrier comprises a tire powder of 100 parts by weight, an EVA or its derivative of 30 to 50 parts by weight, and an activated carbon or inorganic micropowder equivalent thereto of 5 to 15 parts by weight. The granular carriers producing method comprises the steps of: mixing a tire powder of 100 parts by weight and an EVA or resin of 30 to 50 parts by weight, resolving the EVA or its derivative of the mixture at a temperature of 100 to 250.degree. C., bonding an activated carbon to the tire powder, extruding the mixture, cutting the mixture extruded, and attaching the activated carbon powder to the EVA or its derivative dissolved on the surface of the cut part of the mixture. The sewage or waste water treatment apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A blood separation system operates in a first mode to convey whole blood into the inlet region of a blood processing chamber for centrifugal separation into packed red blood cells, a plasma constituent, and an interface, which carries mononuclear cells, between the packed red blood cells and the plasma constituent. The system removes packed red blood cells and the plasma constituent from the chamber, while maintaining the interface within the chamber. The system operates in a second mode to remove the interface from the chamber by conveying packed red blood cells into the inlet region. An outlet path conveys the removed interface from the chamber. The outlet path includes a first sensing element to locate mononuclear cells in the removed interface and provide a sensed output upon locating mononuclear cells.

Abstract: An improved autologous blood salvage system is provided in which blood is removed from a patient and may be processed in a manner wherein an anticoagulant solution is for cycled for reuse. Further, the system may be employed for contemporaneous blood filtering and red blood separation. In one embodiment, anticoagulated blood is contemporaneously filtered and defoamed within a rotating processing bowl, while red blood cells are separated, washed and collected within the bowl and an anticoagulant solution is cycled from the bowl for re-use. During a red blood cell removal mode, the flow of anticoagulated blood into the bowl may be suspended/terminated and the bowl pressurized to remove the red blood cells. The improved system provides for the recovery of a high quality red blood cell product, with reduced processing time requirements/user training, and reduced disposable componentry and related costs.

Abstract: A reactor apparatus including a fluid bed reactor wherein liquid to be processed is conducted upwardly therein through a solid bed to fluidize the bed, the bed including particulate solids having biological material supported thereon, and the liquid forming an effluent head above the bed. The reactor apparatus also includes a control apparatus for removing excess biological material from the reactor. The control apparatus includes a tubular separator column which is emersed in the liquid effluent head, and a telescoping sludge valve that has a draw-off port communicating openly with the effluent head surface and that is adjustable to raise and lower the draw-off port relative to the effluent head surface to control the sludge withdrawal rate.

Abstract: Methods for the central preparation and distribution of a concentrate to a plurality of medical treatment devices are disclosed comprising supplying a stream of substantially only water to a central container which includes a single salt composition at least partially in solid form, producing a substantially saturated solution of the salt composition in the central container, and distributing the salt solution to a distribution conduit which includes a plurality of concentrate connectors whereby the salt solution can be distributed to the plurality of medical treatment devices. Methods for disinfecting this apparatus, the apparatus itself, and containers for use in the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A waste water purifying apparatus utilizes microorganisms, which comprises an inner casing (1), an outer casing (2), a waste water supply tank (3) and an air supply pipe (4). The inner casing is a vertical type and its upper and lower end are open. Plural porous discs 7 of polyethylene which have liquid passages (6) are piled in the inner casing with each space between every two carrier discs.The outer casing is a vertical type whose bottom is closed by a bottom cap (12) and arranged coaxially with the inner casing with a downward circuit (13) for liquid there between. The outer casing has outflow ports (14) for the treated water.The waste water supply tank is for having waste water a head to flow into the outer casing, above which a waste water supply pipe (15) is open. The tank communicates with the outer casing by means of a leading pipe (19) and it is provided with an overflow to keep a water level constant.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to a process and apparatus for treating biosolids resulting from the treatment of biological wastewater streams. The invention relates to autothermal aerobic treatment of biosolids where temperature is controlled by adjusting the amount of shear generated through jet aeration devices. The invention provides for a truly aerobic environment under which thermophilic microorganisms will thrive.

Abstract: Apparatus for disinfecting dialysis devices are disclosed including a first circulation conduit for circulating a first fluid through at least a portion of the supply conduit to a dialyzer in order to disinfect that portion of the supply conduit and a second circulation conduit for circulating a second fluid through at least a portion of the removal conduit from the dialyzer for disinfecting that portion of the removal conduit.

Abstract: An anaerobic sludge digester has a top, a bottom, sloped sides leading to the bottom, and a draft tube with an upper end spaced downward of the top of the digester and a lower end spaced upward of the bottom of the digester. The draft tube may have a propeller, impeller, or jets that enable liquid to be transported through the draft tube from one part of the digester to another. The digester has a discharge mouth positioned within the digester to receive heavy material that is pumped from the bottom of the digester and which flows outward across the liquid surface. One or more spray nozzles are located above the liquid surface to break up foam and emulsions. The mouth may also be used to effectively remove scum and light solids from the liquid surface. A shutoff valve on a discharge pipe extending from the discharge mouth can be closed while sludge is added to the system, causing the liquid level to rise above the mouth.

Abstract: Highly concentrated waste water is subjected to a partially aerobic method in the reaction chamber of a vertical reactor (1). Aeration of the waste water is performed by regulating the redox potential. To this end, means (14) for measuring the pH value, on the one hand, and means (15) for measuring the redox potential value of the treated waste water, on the other hand, are arranged in a bypass line. The process computer acts via a regulator (31) on a regulating member (19) which regulates the supplied amount of air, and regulates the redox potential value according to the measured pH values in accordance with a predetermined relationship stored in a memory device (33). By means of regulating the redox potential by guiding the pH value, an essentially constant high rate of decomposition of 90% COD is achieved.

Abstract: There is provided a new bubble floating type separator applicable to a waste water regeneration system which can purify a relatively small amount of waste water by a simple and small-scaled apparatus. The bubble floating type separator comprises a liquid passage for delivering a liquid which contains suspended solids, and an injection pipe, connected to said liquid passage, for injecting a gas selected from air, oxygen gas and ozone gas. A gas-liquid mixer is connected to the liquid passage at a downstream portion of the injection pipe, and a cyclone type bubble separator is connected to a downstream portion of an outlet of the gas-liquid mixer. The cyclone type bubble separator has a discharge port, at a central upper portion, for discharging bubbles floating along with the suspended solids, a cyclone body, and a liquid discharge port at a lower circumferential portion of the cyclone body for discharging a processed liquid so that the suspended solids are removed together with the bubbles.

Abstract: In a solvent extraction method a contactor comprises a forward extraction section comprising sub-sections thereof and a back extraction section comprising sub-sections thereof. To enable higher concentrations of solute to be obtained in the backwash liquor, the contactor is operated with recycle of partially-loaded solvent, via a line from a back extraction sub-section to a forward extraction sub-section.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for environmental applications such as waste water treatment, de-inking of recycled paper, chemical/biochemical waste clean-up, and mineral beneficiation, using a multi-stage flotation column. A series of draft tubes arranged axially and separated by baffles provides individual mixing stages in the flotation column and a special gas distributor generates fine gas bubbles. The draft tubes create repetitive loop flow of the feed fluid in each flotation stage. This provides uniform distribution of the gas bubbles throughout the column and significantly enhances mixing and contacts of the gas bubbles with the impurities to be removed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning organic waste material from waste fluid. This comprises a container at least partially filled with carrier elements, a waste fluid feed debouching into the container close to a vertical end, a fluid outlet connected to the container close to the opposite vertical end, carrier circulation means comprising a pump for pumping round water with carrier elements taken up therein, provided with a pump inlet and outlet respectively close to opposing vertical ends of the container, a sediment drain at the bottom of the container and control means for periodically switching on the carrier circulation means.

Abstract: A self-diluting feedwell for a thickener or settling tank includes a delivery pipe for providing an influent feed stream of slurry, a nozzle for directionally discharging the influent feed stream, and an eductor structure including a launder zone for receiving the nozzle discharge, a throat zone for creating a reduced pressure area for eduction of diluent into the launder zone, and a discharge zone for dispensing the diluted influent into a thickener or settling tank.

Abstract: Materials including suspended particles are brought together and then separated into two streams one of which only contains the particles, the output streams having different composition from inlet streams. Separation is effected in filtration modules which include a moving runner with wall conditioning elements which dislodge accumulated particles from porous walls of filters.

Abstract: A system for thermophilic aerobic destruction of pathogenic organisms and organic matter within waste water treatment sludge includes a tank for maintaining the sludge and an air transfer apparatus for injecting air into the sludge near the bottom thereof so as to bubble up through the sludge and react exothermically with the thermophilic microorganisms therein so as to kill or destroy the mesophilic microorganisms within the sludge. The thermophilic reaction is preferably controlled within a desired temperature range by control of the flow of fresh air versus recycled air being injected into the sludge. The fresh air to recycle air ratio can be controlled by several different mechanisms so as to produce the desired temperature range. The air is also utilized to mix the sludge within the tank. A pumping apparatus is also provided for transferring sludge into and out of the tank and for recirculating the sludge for purposes of auxiliary mixing.

Abstract: The patent claims concern a method for a more efficient "wet ?combustion! oxidation" of COD-containing effluents from industrial processes and municipal plants and for a more efficient COD-reduction by enzymes in aerobic and anaerobic biological cleaning processes and for same sorts of effluents. The method implies a strong increase of the reaction speed between added oxygen and the elements in the liquid to be oxidized through so-called "Turbo Oxidation", which implies that the liquid is submitted to strong movements nd turbulence during several circulations within one or more liquid circuits during continuous addition of oxygen. By the same method, COD reduction by enzymes can also be made more effective. The single circuit is placed in connection to and communicates liquid-wise with a pressurized reaction tank, from where the developed reaction gases are continuously let out.

Abstract: A filter centrifuge includes a centrifuge drum having a solids removal opening for solids collected in the centrifuge drum. A solids drying housing into which the solids removal opening opens is provided. The solids drying housing has a sieve bottom, a gas inlet for introducing a drying gas, and a gas outlet for removing the drying gas.

Abstract: A cooling tower water treatment system removes contaminants include chlorine, calcium carbonate as calcite, and microorganisms from water in the system with redox media in a fluidized bed. The treatment system includes a treatment bed, in the form of a column, having a reaction chamber of a first diameter and a retention chamber of a second diameter, the second diameter being greater than the first diameter. Redox media, in the reaction chamber, is fluidized by water flowing in a direction countercurrent to gravity and is held in place, without the use of screens or filters, by a reduction in flow rate of the fluidizing media resulting from the larger diameter of the retention chamber. Preferably, the treatment system includes a physical filtration unit, such as an automatic backwashing sand filter, to prevent entry of particulates and scale into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A portable water recycler for cleaning and recycling water used in a produce washing system or another similar system. The portable water recycler is most particularly advantageous in the recycling of water used in a potato washing system. The portable water recycler includes a conveyor filter which removes and conveys debris generally laterally while allowing water to pass generally vertically through a funnel and into a reclaiming tank. The reclaiming tank has a sloped floor and a bottom outlet. Dirty water is discharged from the bottom outlet and pumped through at least one centrifugal separator for further separation of particulate material from the water.

Abstract: A grease recovery system includes a basin with an inlet port to connect the system to a waste disposal network, e.g., a sink in a restaurant, and to an outlet port for draining substantially grease-free water into a sewer network. A grease outlet port provides for recovering grease from the system. The basin holds waste water to a level corresponding to the height of the outlet port above a floor of the basin. The inlet port is above that level so that incoming waste water drains into the basin. An inlet baffle is arranged within the basin and adjacent to the inlet port to force waste water entering the inlet port downwards toward the floor. A first blocking baffle, mounted to the floor, reduces waste water flow along the floor after the waste water passes through the inlet baffle, so that grease rises to the water level downstream of the inlet baffle. A motorized belt sub-system is mounted within the basin to rotate a belt which attracts grease to the belt's surface and along the water level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing air from blood which contains air. The air-containing blood is conducted in the form of a cyclone stream through a cyclone device, preferably drawn therethrough, so that centrifugal forces for the separation of the air from the blood are produced in the rotating cyclone stream.

Abstract: Water to be treated is introduced into a basin having a closed bottom and an outer wall. A stationary diffusor is located at the bottom at a position spaced from the outer wall and produces air bubbles of varying size acting to lift water impurities toward the surface of the water and to circulate the water in the basin as a first stream flowing vertically upwardly from the diffusor, horizontally outwardly toward the outer wall, vertically downwardly toward the bottom and horizontally along the bottom back to the diffusor. A second stream is caused to circulate circumferentially in the basin. The first and second circulating streams cooperate to cause foam and slurry formed on the surface to concentrate in an outer peripheral flow path from which the foam and slurry are removed.

Abstract: There are described a method of and an apparatus for removing sand from waste water loaded with sand and organic substances which is set forth in circulation in a vertical container (1) in which the organic substance moves upward to an overflow (13), while the sand sinks downward toward a discharge conveyor (3) connected to the container (1) from beneath, and is discharged after a certain settling period. To achieve a substantial separation of the sand and the organic substances, the settled sand is stirred by an agitator, with simultaneous rinsing with fresh water delivered to the container bottom region, and is discharged in an amount, which insures a predetermined minimal height of the settled sand.

Abstract: A flotation/entrainment reactor is poured with a plurality of concentric tubes forming respective chambers, the tubewear for receiving and filtering a liquid from solids contained therein, and with an inlet cylindrical base receiving the liquid and guiding it and, a rising flow along a cone wall of a frustoconical cap mounted on the base to the region of formation of a foam column in one of the concentric tubes encompassing an imaginary apex of the cone wall of the cap.

Abstract: For the anaerobic fermentation of solid organic waste substances, solid waste is mixed with liquid material, particularly anaerobic slurry, and the temperature of the mixture is brought to a value between 25.degree. and 70.degree. C., preferably between 30.degree. and 40.degree. C. (mesophilic) and between 55.degree. and 65.degree. C. (thermophilic). By means of spontaneous rising of lightweight material and by means of flotation, a layer (10) of solid material floating on a methane-generating zone is formed from said mixture in a reactor. Said floating layer moves from a supply end (7) or a mixing section (2) to a discharge end (14) of the reactor, hydrolysis and acidification of solidorganic material taking place in the floating layer. The fermented floating layer is discharged via the discharge (14) end independent of the residence time of fluid and slurry in the methane-generating zone under the floating layer.

Abstract: Biological activation waste water purification method is disclosed, wherein the waste water is biologically purified in an activation process. Activated sludge is pumped into a circulation circuit comprising a flow channel and at least one distribution channel. Raw waste water is added to the activated sludge to form an activation mixture which is gradually denitrified as it flows through the circulation circuit. The activation mixture is aerated so as to suspend the activated sludge in the mixture while gradually saturating the activation mixture with oxygen so as to change the denitrifying of the mixture to the nitrifying of a mixture as the mixture flows through the circulation circuit. The activation mixture then flows to a fluidized bed filter where it is separated into purified water and activated sludge.

Abstract: A pneumatic bubble aeration reactor and method for conditioning bodies of liquid comprising at least one upwelling bubble conduit, at least one return conduit fluidly connected to the upwelling conduit via a fluid reservoir and a secondary gas-diffuser positioned adjacent the top of the return conduit. A liquid driving diffuser introduces oxygen-rich gas bubbles into the upwelling conduit at a velocity sufficient to cause the downward flowing liquid in the return conduit to exceed the natural tendency of the secondary gas to flow upwardly. This driving action is coupled with a reactor geometry to assure a liquid velocity that exceeds the rise velocity of the bubbles, causing the bubbles to reach the exit end of the return conduit. An expansion chamber is provided at the exit end of the return conduit to present a decreasing velocity gradient to the fluid passing through the return conduit.

Abstract: An extracorporeal fluid treatment apparatus which is selectively operable in a disinfecting mode or a treatment mode includes an inlet line, a pre-treatment portion, an input pump, a heater, an input shunt, a filtration device, a post-treatment portion, a drain line and an output shunt. The apparatus also includes a combination of valves which are selectively positionable in disinfecting mode to create an input fluid circuit which includes the pre-treatment portion and the input shunt, and which is in fluid isolation from the post-treatment portion and from the filtration device. In disinfecting mode, the valves are also selectively positionable to create an output fluid circuit which includes the post-treatment portion and the output shunt, and which is in fluid isolation from the pre-treatment portion and from the filtration device.

Abstract: A hemodialysis machine has ports of a disinfection manifold for receiving the arterial and venous line connectors terminating the arterial and venous lines. The ports are in fluid communication with a hydraulic system that circulates disinfection fluid through the machine including the extracorporeal circuit. The ports are constructed so as to provide a gap extending circumferentially around the arterial and venous line connectors. When the disinfection fluid circulates through the ports of the disinfection manifold, the fluid circulates around the external surfaces of the connectors as well as through the internal fluid passages, thereby insuring a complete disinfection of the connectors.

Abstract: A device for the biological treatment of liquids, especially sewage, including at least two compartments between which a vertical wall is inserted so that the compartments communicate with each other by free passages above and below the wall. The liquid to be treated is introduced into the compartments which contain particles which are supports for microorganisms exhibiting a density that is lower than that of the liquid to be treated. A gas is injected into the lower part of one of the compartments in order to establish, in the two compartments, a concurrent, continuous and orderly circulation of the multiphase mixture consisting of the liquid, solid and gaseous phases. In the lower part of the compartment not having gas injection, and above the recovery of the treated liquid, in the region where the change takes place in the direction of the flow passing from one compartment to the other, a system is provided for separating the less dense phases (particles, gas) from the multiphase mixture.

Abstract: A dissolved gas flotation tank system is disclosed which is configured to provide educted gas or air into recirculated effluent fluid from the tank which includes a pump system which increases the dissolution rate of gas into the effluent fluid thereby eliminating the need for retention tanks and related equipment which adds to high equipment costs. The dissolved gas flotation tank system of the present invention also provides a pre-contact chamber for assuring immediate and intimate contact between the suspended solids in an influent feed stream and the recirculated effluent fluid in which gas is dissolved, as well as flocculant when used, to produce a better agglomerate structure for improved flotation and separation. The dissolved gas flotation tank of the present invention also provides an improved means of removing and processing float from the tank, and employs a dewatering system enhanced by the addition of chemicals or flocculants into the float removal system.

Abstract: Blood collection systems and methods minimize citrate toxicity in donors. The systems and methods convey whole blood at a prescribed rate Q.sub.b into a separation device for separation into red blood cells and a plasma constituent. The systems and methods add anticoagulant including citrate to the whole blood. The systems and methods control Qb (in ml/min or equivalent) based upon a citrate equivalent blood flow rate EqQB.sub.CIR, where: ##EQU1## where: CIR is a selected nominal a-symptomatic citrate infusion rate (in mg/kg/min or equivalent),AC is a selected anticoagulant ratio,Wgt is the donor's weight (in kg or equivalent), andCitrateConc is the citrate concentration in the anticoagulant (in mg/ml or equivalent).

Abstract: Materials including suspended particles are brought together and then separated into two streams one of which only contains the particles, the output streams having different composition from inlet streams. Separation is effected in filtration modules which include a moving runner with wall conditioning elements which dislodge accumulated particles from porous walls of filters.

Abstract: A method for recovering crystals from a crystal-containing slurry, which comprises supplying the slurry to a rotary filter having a rotating cylindrical filter medium, filtering the supplied slurry in a filtering region to retain the crystals on the filter medium and washing the filter cake formed on the rotating filter medium repeatedly in a plurality of washing regions by spraying a washing liquid onto the cake in each region by supplying any one of washing regions on the aft side in the rotating direction of the filter medium with the spent washing liquid of the washing region adjacent to said one washing region on the fore side in the rotating direction.

Abstract: A filter and pressure relief assembly for an adhesive supply unit comprises an adhesive supply hopper (12), a filter basket (20) disposed within a cavity (18) defined within a filter block (16), and a filter plug (22) for retaining the filter basket (20) within the filter block (16). Inlet port (32) provides an infeed of adhesive from the hopper (12), an outlet port (36) leads to an applicator, and a return port (54) and conduit (56) return adhesive back to the hopper (12). The filter plug (22) contains a pressure relief valve (44) which opens and connects the inlet port (32) to the return port (54) and conduit (56) so as to return adhesive to the hopper (12) under over-pressurized conditions, and a pair of O-ring members (100, 102) for respectively engaging small and large diameter regions (104, 106) of the cavity (18).

Abstract: Disclosed is a clarifier for use in treating a liquid containing non-soluble particles in suspension in order to separate these particles from the liquid. It comprises a tank, a liquid supply duct opening into the bottom portion of the tank and an injector for injecting a gas under pressure into at least part of liquid supplied to the supply duct in order to saturate this liquid with said gas and thus to generate gas bubbles as the saturated liquid is subject to depressurization within the tank. The gas bubbles that are so-generated adhere to the particles in suspension in the liquid and lift them up to form a floating layer of sludge in the top portion of the tank. A scraper is provided in the top portion of the tank for skimming off the layer of sludge while it is formed. A plurality of plates extend at an angle within the tank above the supply duct.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing undesirable compounds such as radon, volatile organics, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and methane from contaminated well water which utilizes a recirculating system which is selectively operable to decrease the contamination of the treated water below a given level wherein the contaminant removal is achieved by providing an interface between the radon contaminated water and air in order to allow the undesirable compounds such as radon, volatile organics, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and methane to move from the water into the air due to the greater affinity therefore. The apparatus is designed to be used with a conventional residential or small commercial water well supply system and maximizes radon removal preferably by aspirating or baffling a gravity feed radon removal system for water which may include passing thereof through mass transfer packing material.

Abstract: A system for thermophilic aerobic destruction of pathogenic organisms and organic matter within waste water treatment sludge includes a tank for maintaining the sludge and an air transfer apparatus for injecting air into the sludge near the bottom thereof so as to bubble up through the sludge and react exothermically with the thermophilic microorganisms therein so as to kill or destroy the mesophilic micro- organisms within the sludge. The thermophilic reaction is preferably controlled within a desired temperature range by control of the flow of fresh air versus recycled air being injected into the sludge. The fresh air to recycle air ratio can be controlled by several different mechanisms so as to produce the desired temperature range. The air is also utilized to mix the sludge within the tank. A pumping apparatus is also provided for transferring sludge into and out of the tank and for recirculating the sludge for purposes of auxiliary mixing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing corrosion and lime deposits caused by water impurities on surfaces exposed to the water is disclosed herein. The apparatus and method employ a recirculation system for directing water through a magnetic treatment unit and a deflector system for flushing the surfaces subjected to corrosion and lime deposits. In the case of a water heater the deflector system includes a plurality of nozzles arranged to direct flows of magnetically treated water against a tank wall of the water heater, and a spiral loop with perforations facing a heating element or a cluster of heating elements of the water heater for directing flows of magnetically treated water against surfaces of the heating elements.

Abstract: An extracorporeal fluid treatment apparatus which is selectively operable in a disinfecting mode or a treatment mode includes an inlet line, a pre-treatment portion, an input pump, a heater, an input shunt, a filtration device, a post-treatment portion, a drain line and an output shunt. The apparatus also includes a combination of valves which are selectively positionable in disinfecting mode to create an input fluid circuit which includes the pre-treatment portion and the input shunt, and which is in fluid isolation from the post-treatment portion and from the filtration device. In disinfecting mode, the valves are also selectively positionable to create an output fluid circuit which includes the post-treatment portion and the output shunt, and which is in fluid isolation from the pre-treatment portion and from the filtration device.

Abstract: A self-diluting feedwell for a thickener or settling tank includes a delivery pipe for providing an influent feed stream of slurry, a nozzle for directionally discharging the influent feed stream, and an eductor structure including a launder zone for receiving the nozzle discharge, a throat zone for creating a reduced pressure area for eduction of diluent into the launder zone, and a discharge zone for dispensing the diluted influent into a thickener or settling tank.

Abstract: A cross-flow filtration apparatus is able to produce cleaner liquid, especially in the filtration of green liquor, then is typically possible. A housing contains a number of vertical filter elements each having a filter surface with first and second sides which are substantially free of filter cake. A higher gas pressure is provided on the first sides of the filter surfaces than the second sides, and filtered liquid passes through the filter surface from the first side to the second side. A first conduit withdraws filtrate from the second side of at least one of the surfaces, and a second conduit withdraws suspension liquid from adjacent the bottom of the filter elements and typically (though not necessarily) recirculates it. Suspension is introduced--such as in a tray with a perforated bottom mounted above the filter elements, and/or the nozzles--so that the suspension flows in a falling film down the first sides and in contact with them, so that filter cake does not form during operation.

Abstract: A filtering method and apparatus pass the suspension (e.g. green liquor) to be filtered in a falling film down a first side of a filtering surface of a filter element at a different (higher) pressure than a second side, so that due to the pressure difference prevailing across the filtering surface the filtrate flows through the filtering surface and separated solids substantially remain in the suspension, without forming an undesirable solids layer on the filtering surface. A uniform liquid film falling on the filtering surface is generated by recirculating suspension from the bottom of the filter housing to an upper portion of the filter element. Nozzles may direct flow toward the filtering surface in localized areas. The method may be practiced continuously or in batches.

Abstract: A device and method for processing a biological fluid comprises directing the biological fluid tangentially or parallel to the face of a separation medium in at least one serpentine fluid flow channel such that a plasma-rich fluid passes through the separation medium and a plasma-depleted fluid passes tangentially to the surface of the separation medium.

Abstract: A method for providing a uniform plug flow through an anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor includes distributing incoming wastewater generally evenly near the bottom of reactor and evenly collecting the wastewater near an upper level thereof so as to produce upward plug flow through the reactor during filling, recycle and decanting and minimize horizontal mixing. Such plug flow encourages growth of heavier biomass near the bottom of the reactor where substrate is greatest and discourages growth of light biomass near the top of the reactor where substrate is least. Wastewater is also preferably recycled from the top to the bottom of the reactor. Apparatus is provided to be used in conjunction with the method. The apparatus is also usable in conjunction with a subsequent aerobic sequencing batch reactor.

Abstract: A liquid filtering and supply system according to the present invention comprises, a main line to connect a liquid introducing part to a liquid supplying part, a filter disposed in said main line to filter said liquid, a first pressure detector disposed in said main line at an upstream side of said filter to detect a pressure of said liquid before said liquid is introduced to said filter, a second pressure detector disposed in said main line at a downstream side of said filter to detect a pressure of said liquid after said liquid passed out of said filter, a first circulating line for returning a liquid in said main line to the liquid introducing part, a pressure difference computing element to determine a pressure difference between the first pressure detector and said second pressure detector, a control valve disposed in the first circulating line, and a controlling part to adjust an opening of said control valve, based on a signal of the pressure difference transmitted from the pressure difference computin

Abstract: A system which clarifies a solids-burdened liquid stream from a user device such as a machine tool and returning it clarified to the user device. A tank receives the burdened liquid stream in a first of two regions from which a first centrifugal separator draws. It discharges its clarified stream through an inductor into the second of said regions, said regions being continuously connected. A second centrifugal separator draws from said second region and returns its clarified liquid to the user device. Both separators discharge their solids to collectors.