Abstract: A method of removing arsenic and fluoride from aqueous solutions in the same process is provided. Specifically, the pH of the aqueous solution is adjusted to a pH in the range of about 5 to 8. A combination of calcium salts, and ferric or aluminum salts are added to form insoluble arsenic and fluoride bearing solids. The solids are then removed from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method for clarifying food processing waste water containing suspended solids comprising (iii) adding to the waste water with an effective amount of at least one vinylamine polymer having a molecular weight of at least 10,000, wherein the polymer is prepared by first polymerizing N-vinylformamide and, optionally, vinyl acetate to form a vinylformamide polymer or a vinylformamide/vinylacetate copolymer and then subjecting the vinyl formamide polymer or vinylformamide/vinylacetate copolymer to acid or base hydrolysis to form a vinylamine/vinylformaide copolymer, a vinylamine homopolymer or a up vinylamine/vinylalcohol copolymer; (ii) coagulating and flocculating the suspended solids; and (iii) separating the coagulated and flocculated suspended solids from the wastewater.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for very rapidly cleaning very small, colloidal particles from nuclear reactor water subjected to a high-energy waterjet cutting of metal using metal shot particles for cuffing such as garnet particles with the cutting causing fracturing of the metal shot as well as the cut metal fines into a negatively charged colloidal suspension having a large area. This colloidal suspension causes water turbidity and makes known filtration techniques impractical for rapid removal of such suspensions for recycling to the reactor.

Abstract: A process for the purification of water includes the addition of hydrogen peroxide and metallic coagulants in order to remove organic contaminants. Metallic coagulants increase the oxidative activity of hydrogen peroxide, while also causing the oxidized by-products to coagulate. The method is suitable for use in existing water treatment facilities. Optionally, an anionic polymer may also be added to enhance coagulation of the oxidized contaminants.

Abstract: A method of treating industrial wastewaters is provided. Specifically, the wastewater includes one or more organic contaminant materials and is pre-treated prior to filtering by the following steps The pH of the wastewater is adjusted to a pH in the range of about 2 to 6, and a combination of iron salts and peroxide are added to the wastewater and allowed to react for a period of at least about three minutes. Next, the pH of the wastewater is adjusted upwards to a value of at least 7 and precipitating or flocculating agents are added to form an insoluble contaminant bearing compound. The compound is then filtered from the wastewater thereby removing the contaminant materials from the wastewater. This invention is particularly suited for use with single pass flow-through filters, and most particularly suitable for high flow rate single pass flow-through filters.

Abstract: An apparatus for treatment of fluorine waste water has an introduction tank, a main treatment tank, a calcium hydroxide tank, a polychlorinated aluminum tank, a macromolecular flocculant tank, a settling tank, and a concentration tank. Fluorine waste water is introduced through the introduction tank into a lower part of the main treatment tank through a lower inlet pipe. Also, return sludge from the concentration tank and silicon sludge from a silicon waste water treatment system are introduced into an upper part of the main treatment tank. Thus, silicon recovered from silicon waste water is recycled for treatment of fluorine waste water. Also, unreacted chemicals, which have been loaded in the calcium hydroxide tank, polychlorinated aluminum tank, macromolecular flocculant tank, are recycled. The main treatment tank has no stirrer, and thus conserves electrical energy, but can neutralize the waste water.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for obtaining colloid-forming metal particles from an aqueous mine waste solution containing that metal in ionic form. In accordance with this process, an aqueous mine waste solution containing that metal in ionic form is provided having a pH value of about 4.0 to about 6.5. The solution is electrified with direct current a about 1.2 to about 2.0 volts to reduce the desired metal ions to colloidal metal particles. A slurry of cellulose particles is agitatingly added to the colloid composition followed by a flocculant to form a solid phase cellulosic floc containing the colloid. The solid and liquid phases are separated, and the solid phase is dried, fluxed and heated to a temperature sufficient to melt the flux and colloid and form larger metal particles that can then be recovered. The colloid-forming metal is preferably gold.

Abstract: An animal treatment method comprises flushing the animal waste from a barn to a holding tank where the waste is mixed with an alkaline solution to kill pathogens. After neutralization, the solution is separated into solids and liquids. The liquid is treated and recycled as flushing water to clean the barns and/or drinking water for the animals. The solids are separated into digested and undigested feed. The digested feed is further processed for use as a fertilizer and the undigested feed is processed for use as animal feed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for chemical addition utilizing adaptive process control optimizations having a combination of expert system(s), neural network(s) and genetic algorithm(s).

Abstract: A method of flocculating suspended solids in a Bayer process liquor comprising adding to the liquor an effective amount of a polymer comprising salicylic acid groups.

Abstract: Compositions of aluminum chlorohydrate and high molecular weight branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymers are applied to waste liquids, such as pulp and paper mill effluents having a lignin content, to reduce true color. The branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymer is branched using branching agents which result in a molecular weight greater than about 300,000 and permit solubility. When applied to waste liquids, the high molecular weight branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymer and aluminum chlorohydrate react with the lignin components in the waste liquid to form an insoluble agglomerate thus reducing the true color of the waste liquid. The resulting agglomerate, including the colored lignin, may be filtered from the waste liquid.

Abstract: Methods for treating raw water using polyamphoteric polymer coagulants are provided. The amphoteric polymers can be added to the raw water separately or together with metal salt based coagulants. The amphoteric polymer coagulants can be added to the raw water, before and after the clarification unit operation, prior to filtration. The methods of the present invention can be used in a variety of different raw water treatment applications, such as raw water used in municipal drinking water treatment facilities.

Abstract: A simple, effective, cost-efficient method of precipitating sulfate in an aqueous salt solution and removing the precipitate from the solution. The steps of the method include diluting the solution and slowly adding a precipitant to the solution. By following this method, a sulfate precipitate settles out of the solution quantitatively and can be easily separated from the sulfate-free supernatant.

Abstract: A process for removing metals from wastewater, which comprises the following: measuring the flow rate and oxidation reduction potential of wastewater as it is fed into a first treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the wastewater, adding a first liquid elixir to the wastewater to react with at least one metal in the wastewater to cause it to either precipitate out of solution, or convert into a form that will allow it to be precipitated out of solution by a second liquid elixir, and to bond with the metal to prevent it from re-dissolving back into solution, adding a second liquid elixir to the wastewater to react with at least one metal in the wastewater to cause it to precipitate out of solution, and to bond with the metal to prevent it from re-dissolving back into solution, feeding the wastewater into a second treatment tank, mixing a third liquid elixir and a fourth liquid elixir into the wastewater to flocculate and/or coagulate the precipitated metals, and separating the flocculated and/or coagulated precip

Abstract: Compositions of aluminum chlorohydrate and high molecular weight branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymers are applied to waste liquids, such as pulp and paper mill effluents having a lignin content, to reduce true color, The branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymer is branched using branching agents which result in a molecular weight greater than about 300,000 and permit solubility. When applied to waste liquids, the high molecular weight branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymer and aluminum chlorohydrate react with the lignin components in the waste liquid to form an insoluble agglomerate thus reducing the true color of the waste liquid. The resulting agglomerate, including the colored lignin, may be filtered from the waste liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high speed coagulant-flocculant and sedimentation method for treating waste water, which permits a speedy treatment of waste water including stormwater runoff and also permits a valuable reuse of the sludge produced in the course of treatment.

Abstract: The precipitation and removal of suspended organic containing particles, such as starch, and other suspended solids from a given solution can be accomplished by the addition of multivalent metal ions and their complexes in order to form metal ion/organic particle complexes and the addition of a flocculating agent to flocculate the metal ion/organic particle complexes into insoluble particles capable of removal by conventional technology.

Abstract: A process for optimizing the rate of oxidation using halogen, e.g. chlorine donors to prevent the accumulation of undesirable chlorinated by-products. The feed rate of a chlorine donor is controlled for maintaining a desired ORP. The amount of free halogen is reduced and the ORP range expanded by addition of an effective amount of a coagulating agent. The rate of oxidation is sufficient to prevent the accumulation of the undesirable by-products. Treatment removes the by-products from the water and surrounding air by maintaining continuous breakpoint halogenation conditions.

Abstract: A process for removing dissolved uranium from water is provided. The process basically comprises (a) mixing phosphoric acid or particulate bone ash with the water, (b) mixing calcium hydroxide with the mixture produced in step (a) to thereby form calcium hydroxy phosphate or calcium hydroxy apatite which reacts with and complexes at least a portion of the uranium in the water to form a precipitate thereof, and (c) separating the precipitate from the water.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treating water to abate their content in suspended matter and, as the case may be in parasites, characterised in that it consists in causing said water to pass through at least one sedimentation tank (1) at a treatment speed higher than 20 mph then, through at least a multilayer filter with decreasing size grading (2) at a treatment speed higher than 10 mph. The sedimentation tank used is preferably a sedimentation tank with ballasted floc preferably lamellar.

Abstract: Wastewater treatment processes and preferred systems for practice of the processes, the invention particularly intends the removal of particulates and dissolved materials contaminating the effluent of garment stonewashing, acid washing and similar processes including chlorinated processes, thereby to allow reuse or sewer discharge of water used in such commercial processes. The processes of the invention typically involve initial filtration to remove solid particulates such as pumice, sand, glass beads and the like followed by acidification of the wastewater and contact with a magnesium hydroxide/activated carbon bed, the activated carbon removing organics such as dyestuffs and the like while the magnesium hydroxide precipitates other dissolved materials for subsequent mechanical removal. After treatment with magnesium hydroxide, parcipitating compounds such as iron sulfate and/or ferric chloride are added to precipitate other inorganic substances and dissolved materials.

Abstract: Naturally occurring lipids of vegetable and animal origin are broken into smaller molecules, and used as dewatering aids. The process of breaking the molecules include transesterification, interesterification, and saponification followed by acidulation. The modified lipid molecules can adsorb on the surface of the particles to be dewatered and greatly enhance their hydrophobicity, which will help increase the rate of dewatering and hence reduce cake moisture. The modified lipids are more effective dewatering aids than the naturally occurring unmodified lipids, possibly because they can more readily form close-packed monolayers of hydrophobes on the surface of the particles.

Abstract: The precipitation and removal of suspended fat and protein components and other suspended solids from a given solution can be accomplished by the addition of an aluminate to complex with the fat and protein components and the addition of a flocculating agent to flocculate the aluminate/fat and protein component complexes into insoluble particles capable of removal by conventional technology, which insoluble particles can be rendered to produce tallow.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of paper and paper-like products from a suspension of papermaking materials to which poly(ethylene oxide) and a phenolic type cofactor which may be produced by a Williamson synthesis from a resin, are added to improve the retention of fibers, of fines, of dispersed extractives and of fillers during the processes of water removal for the manufacturing of paper.

Abstract: The invention comprises a borosilicate retention aid composition and a method for improving the production of paper by addition of the borosilicate. The borosilicate may be utilized in conjunction with a high molecular weight synthetic flocculant and/or starch, with or without the addition of a cationic coagulant. The borosilicate material is preferably a colloidal borosilicate. Methods for the preparation of the borosilicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for treating waste water containing a resin is disclosed, which includes the steps of adding a polyamine compound to waste water containing at least a resin to coagulate at least water-insoluble matter in the water to form coagulated particles, adding a polyacrylamide polymer to cause those particles to grow into flocculated flocs, and separating the flocculated flocs. The process of the invention can treat waste water containing a resin in an industrially beneficial way without producing a large amount of sludge is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for treating waste water containing a resin is disclosed, which includes the steps of adding a polyamine compound to waste water containing at least a resin to coagulate at least water-insoluble matter in the water to form coagulated particles, adding a polyacrylamide polymer to cause those particles to grow into flocculated flocs, and separating the flocculated flocs. The process of the invention can treat waste water containing a resin in an industrially beneficial way without producing a large amount of sludge is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for treating waste water containing cutting oil is disclosed, which includes the steps of adding a cationic organic compound to waste water containing used cutting oil to coagulate water-insoluble matter in the water and to thereby form coagulated particles, adding an anionic organic polymer to cause those particles to grow into flocculated flocs, and separating the flocculated flocs. The process of the invention can treat waste water containing used cutting oil in an industrially beneficial way without producing a large amount of sludge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for conditioning food processing waste prior to mechanical dewatering with the use of environmentally friendly coagulants and flocculants. The method of the present invention comprises treating these waste waters with an effective amount of a vinylamine polymer including from about 1 to about 100 mole percent vinylamine and from about 1 to about 99 mole percent of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of amidine, vinylformamide, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, vinyl pyrrolidinone and the esters, amides, nitriles and salts of acrylic acid and methacrytic acid. In an embodiment, the method of the present invention includes the further step of adding an effective amount of at least one flocculant to the food processing waste. The flocculent effectively agglomerates a portion of the colloidal organic solids into suspended solids.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering and separating precious and non-precious metals from waste streams, which removes, separates, and recovers such metals in a cost effective manner with more than 95% removal from waste streams and with minimal amounts of unprocessed solids and sludge remaining in the environment. Metals such as chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, platinum, vanadium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, lead, aluminum, tin; and the like are removed and recovered from the waste streams with at least 95% removal and other metals and compounds, such as antimony, sulfur, and selenium are removed and recovered from waste streams with at least 50% removal. The method employs a unique complexing agent comprising a carbamate compound and an alkali metal hydroxide which facilitates the formation of the metals into ionic metal particles enabling them to be readily separated, removed and recovered.

Abstract: In a fluoride including waste water processing device which comprises a reaction vessel and a sedimentation vessel, a calcium compound adding device adds calcium compound in fluoride including waste water in the reaction vessel to react the calcium compound with fluoride of the fluoride including waste water to generate calcium fluoride. The sedimentation vessel has a bottom which is associated with a bottom of the reaction vessel through an opening hole. The fluoride including waste water is sent to the sedimentation vessel from the reaction vessel through the opening hole. The sedimentation vessel has an inclined bottom surface. The calcium fluoride is sent back, by a self-weight of the calcium fluoride, to the reaction vessel from the sedimentation vessel along the inclined bottom surface. An agitator aggregates the fluoride including waste water in the reaction vessel. A polymer solution adding device adds polymer solution in the fluoride including waste water in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte which contains an inorganic pigment, having a sulfonated polystyrene resin as a principal ingredient, and is soluble to water.

Abstract: An improved process for the treatment of water, selected from livestock wastewater and a livestock water stream, which process comprises adding to said water a composition comprising a sufficient amount of an acid to lower the water pH to less than 3.5 to 2.0; and wherein said acid is selected from the group of 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-hydroxyalkyltriglyoxilic acid (PR-1409SA); 2,2-oxy-diacetic acid; 2,2-ether diglycolic acid; sulfamic acid; and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A method for removing a contaminant from water includes mixing droplets of a substantially non-water soluble oil with water to combine with the contaminant. The oil can include polar or ionic functional groups. A chemical destabilizer is added to the water to coagulate and aggregate the oil-contaminant mixture. The mixture is then separated from the water by gravity settling, filtration, or dissolved air flotation, thereby removing the contaminant.

Abstract: The simultaneous precipitation of soluble heavy metal ions from semiconductor wastewater containing abrasive solids and enhancement of microfilter operation is achieved through the addition of an effective amount of a water-soluble polymer containing dithiocarbamate functionalities to the wastewater.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering and separating precious and non-precious metals from waste streams, which removes, separates, and recovers such metals in a cost effective manner with more than 95% removal form waste streams and with minimal amounts of unprocessed solids and sludge remaining in the environment. Metals such as chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, platinum, vanadium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, lead, aluminum, tin; and the lie are removed and recovered from the waste streams with at least 95% removal and other metals and compounds, such as antimony, sulfur, and selenium are removed and recovered from waste streams with at least 50% removal. The method employs a unique complexing agent comprising a carbamate compound and an alkali metal hydroxide which facilitates the formation of the metals into ionic metal particles enabling them to be readily separated, removed and recovered.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for removing selenium from a waste stream. The process is a multi-step process that removes selenium from a waste stream in the form of barium selenate and/or barium selenite. In a further step, the barium selenate and/or barium selenite forms a complex precipitate with barium sulfate, which encapsulates the barium selenate and/or barium selenite. The complex precipitate is subsequently removed from the waste stream.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of clarifying and dewatering industrial waste water using anionic and nonionic dispersion polymers.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the physico-chemical treatment of effluent, especially surface water intended for consumption, the process includes the successive steps of coagulation, flocculation and settling, wherein, during the flocculation step, a ballast is introduced into the sludge, the function of which ballast is to make the sludge heavier. The contacting mass used during this flocculation step consists of part of the densified sludge resulting from the settling step and continuously recycled in the flocculation step, without any treatment.

Abstract: Process for the physico-chemical treatment of effluent, especially of surface water intended for consumption, comprising the successive steps of coagulation, flocculation and settling, a contacting mass being introduced into the water coming from the coagulation step, and therefore during the flocculation step, and this contacting mass consisting of part of the densified sludge resulting from the settling step and recycled in the flocculation step, this process being characterized in that at least part of the polyelectrolyte ensuring flocculation is injected into a sludge-recirculation circuit.

Abstract: A process is provided which can be used, for example, to clarify substantially aqueous fluids and separate solids from the fluid. The process comprises combining the fluid with a composition which comprises an anionic silica-based colloid having an S value of less than 50% and a cationic organic polymer.

Abstract: A method of coagulating particulates, as in papermaking or water clarification applications, for example, is provided wherein a zeolite crystalloid coagulant is added to water containing the solid matter, a source of multivalent cations, and a cationic acrylamide polymer. The zeolite crystalloid coagulant is preferably prepared by admixing aqueous sodium silicate and sodium aluminate solutions to form a reaction mixture and allowing a reaction to proceed for a sufficient time to form a zeolite crystalloid coagulant particles having particle sizes of at least about 4 nm before terminating the reaction.

Abstract: A composition comprising the product precipitated in the admixing of a soluble metal salt and one or more compounds having a component selected from silicates, phosphates and borates; and a method for controlling drainage and/or retention in the formation of a paper matrix or for treating water comprising the use of such product.

Abstract: A method for the removal of metal cyanides or oxoanions from aqueous streams such as waste water streams with compounds containing 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Preferred compounds are polymers formed by free radical polymerization of N-4-vinyl benzyl-N1-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane dichloride (VBBD) such as copolymers poly (VBBD/acrylamide) and poly (VBBD/dimethyl amino ethyl acrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt. Poly(1,4-dimethylbenzyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane dichloride) for the same purposes is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is a method for clarifying, dewatering or improving retention and drainage of industrial waste water or paper furnish with an effective amount of at least one dispersion of a water soluble cationic polymer flocculant wherein the improvement comprises the addition of said polymer which has a concentration of at least twenty five percent to said waste water or paper furnish. The industrial waste is preferably food processing waste water, oily waste water, paper mill waste water and inorganic contaminated waste water. The paper furnish may be an aqueous cellulosic suspension.

Abstract: A composition for the detackification and clarification of acid and alkaline paint and lacquer waste waters and paint spray booth wastes, comprising:an inorganic-organic and/or organic adduct alloy polymer composition having the formula:A.multidot.B.sup.+ .multidot.D.sup.+wherein: A=[(SiO.sub.2 /Me.sup.I.sub.2 O).sub.u Me.sup.II.sub.m Me.sub.m.sup.III(OH).sbsp.p.sup.(SO.sbsp.4.sup.).sbsp.y.sup.(Aci) (2m+3n)-p-2y].sub.rwhere r=1 to 98% bw; u=0 to 10% bw; ##STR1## where: x=0 to 98% bw; Z is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic radicalD.sup.+ =(PQAM).sub.wwherew=2 to 98% b.w. of polyquaternized polymer (PQAM)Me.sub.m.sup.II is selected from the divalent cationic group comprising: Mg, Zn, Ca, and Fe.sup.2+m=0 to 5Me.sub.n.sup.III is a tri-or more valent metal selected from the group comprising: Fe, Al, and Al--Zn complexes;n=1 to 20Aci is selected from the monovalent anionic group comprising Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.-, NO.sub.3 --, H.sub.2 PO.sub.4 --, CH.

Abstract: A process is provided which can be used to clarify substantially aqueous streams and optionally separate biosolids, especially proteins, from food processing operations which comprises contacting an aqueous stream comprising biosolids with an anionic inorganic colloid and an organic polymer, to flocculate the biosolids.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating an aqueous effluent with high concentrations of silver and ferric/ferrous complexes using multiple additions of one or more water-soluble sulfur containing polymer chelating agents, with optional additions of non-polymeric sulfur containing compounds. The presence of a high concentration of both dissolved silver and ferric/ferrous complexes prevents efficient silver removal by precipitation and the achievement of a very low residual silver concentration. By using multiple additions of the chelating agent(s), a higher degree of silver removal can be achieved than would be possible with the same amount of chelating agents added in a single stage. Effluent from photo finishing operations, particularly minilabs, can be effectively treated so that there is essentially no silver remaining in the treated effluent.

Abstract: Methods for removing suspended particles from a solution are disclosed. These methods generally comprise adding to the solution to be treated an effective amount of a composition comprising a Mannich derivatized polyether. The polyether is generally described as the condensation polymer of Mannich derivatized bisphenol and a difunctional monomer. The methods have broad application in a wide variety of industries and are effective in removal of all types of suspended particles even when numerous types of particles are contained within the same solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating highly concentrated wastewater by electrolysis and oxidization, said method being characterized in that the electrolysis and oxidization are carried out in a fluidized bed of a suitable particulate carrier. The electrolytic reduction efficiency of ferric ions is improved by the fluidized particulate carrier, and thus a high proportion of iron(III) to iron(II) can be sustained in the system. This invention allows extensive purification of wastewater with improved efficiency.