Abstract: Methods for making asymmetrical triazines are provided. The methods comprise first forming a mixture of at least two primary amines then reacting the mixture with an aldehyde. Methods for removing sulfides from hydrocarbon streams are also provided. The triazines may be added to the hydrocarbon stream in a molar ratio of triazine:H2S of about 10:1 to about 1:2.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described for enriching a first liquid with a gas and introducing the gas-enriched first liquid into a second liquid.

Abstract: A dialysate regeneration unit adapted for regenerating a dialysate containing carrier substances comprises a first flow path and a second flow path. The first flow path comprises a first supply unit adapted for adding an acidic fluid to the dialysate flowing in the first flow path, and a detoxification unit located downstream of the first supply unit. The detoxification unit is adapted for removing toxins from the acidified dialysate flowing in the first flow path. The second flow path extends in parallel to the first flow path. The second flow path comprises a second supply unit adapted for adding an alkaline fluid to the dialysate flowing in the second flow path, and a further detoxification unit located downstream of the second supply unit. The further detoxification unit is adapted for removing toxins from the alkalised dialysate flowing in the second flow path.

Abstract: The blood bag system includes: a blood treating filter for treating a blood; a first bag for containing therein a blood to be supplied to the blood treating filter; a second bag for containing therein the blood treated by the blood treating filter; storage solution supply which supplies a blood component storage solution to the blood treating filter; a third bag into which a blood remaining in the blood treating filter replaced by the blood component storage solution is transferred and in which the recovered blood is temporarily contained; and a fourth bag to which a blood component separated from the treated blood contained in the second bag is transferred and in which the transferred blood component is contained.

Abstract: A method of controlling the concentration of P of cleaning solution waste water starts by providing a waste water buffer tank capable of either sending the waste water to a waste water treatment plant or storing the waste water after the waste water is accepted. The concentration of P in the cleaning solution is set within a target concentration range, and matter to be treated is treated. The concentration of P in the waste water is measured in the waste water buffer tank. When the measured value of the concentration of P is less than a selected upper limit, the waste water is sent from the waste water buffer tank to the waste water treatment plant. When the measured value of the concentration of P is higher than the selected upper limit, sending the waste water to the waste water treatment plant is stopped, and the waste water is stored in the waste water buffer tank. The concentration of P is reduced to a value within the target concentration range, and the matter to be treated is treated.

Abstract: A water purification device is provided in the form of a hydrogel matrix containing immobilized nanoparticles that are directly synthesized in-situ in the hydrogel matrix. A related method of decontaminating the water supply contaminated with a target pollutant is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluid conduit with layered and partial covering material thereon is disclosed. The fluid conduit may be used for processing and treatment of fluids which must be treated to remove materials so that the resultant treated fluid may be reused and/or returned to the earth and particularly to the water table. The fluid conduit may be of many forms and types and may have attached thereto and configured thereon covering material in partial form and a selected number of layers. The fluid conduit may be a septic pipe of smooth wall, of corrugated form, and/or of any form of cross-sectional configuration including circular, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or any other geometric shape. The fluid conduit may be used in combination with conduit in a drainage field or leaching system usually associated with a septic tank or septic system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antifreeze/anticorrosion concentrates comprising from 10 to 50% by weight, based on the total amount of the concentrate, of glycerol, to processes for preparing such concentrates from super concentrates, to aqueous coolant compositions from these concentrates, and to their use, for example in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Disclosed are wastewater treatment systems and methods of treating wastewater. In particular, this disclosure provides a method of lowering the biological oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total suspended solids, and phosphorous within wastewater containing human excrements. In addition to improving the quality of the wastewater on a per Liter basis, this disclosure also provides methods and systems that reduce the absolute quantity of total nitrogen, total suspended solids, and phosphorous released into the environment through effluent. The disclosed methods and systems also provide ways of reintroducing water into the environment.

Abstract: A floating dispenser for floatingly delivering a dispersant or dispersants to a body of water with the floating dispenser floating in an upright condition when a dispersant is present in a dispenser cartridge of the floating dispenser with the dispenser self inverting 180 degrees in response to consumption of the dispersant in the dispenser cartridge to thereby provide a visual alert that one should replace the dispenser cartridge in the dispenser with a fresh dispenser cartridge.

Abstract: A floating dispenser having an external float or an internal float for supporting a cartridge or cartridges for floatingly delivering a dispersant or dispersants to a body of water with the floating dispenser having cartridges rotationally positionable with respect to one another to control the rate of dispensing while the dispenser floats in an upright condition with the floating dispenser changing its flotation orientation in response to consumption of the dispersant or dispersants in the a cartridge to thereby provide a visual alert to replace a spent cartridge with a fresh cartridge. In addition the inventions described herein permit changing the dispensing nature of the system from a multiple dispensing system to a single dispensing system without changing the floating characteristics of the floating dispensers through replacement of a dispersant in one of the cartridges with an inert or ballast material that has no effect on the water characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for controlling (e.g. inhibiting) or killing microorganisms in an aqueous environment. The method includes the addition of an effective amount of monochlorourea or modified monochlorourea to an aqueous solution. This aqueous solution may be a cooling water system, a recreational water system, a water treatment facility, or any circulating water system (i.e. a papermaking facility). A method of producing monochlorourea or modified monochlorourea is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for separating a polymer from carbon black in devulcanized rubber, the method comprising steps of inserting devulcanized rubber into a bath of a solvent, dissolving a polymer out of the devulcanized rubber and into a solution of the solvent and the polymer, removing the solution from the bath without disturbing an un-dissolved residue comprising carbon black, and recovering the un-dissolved residue.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to processes for extracting iron and/or calcium from geothermal brines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, especially relating to an efficiently-inactivating and energy-saving method for processing ship ballast water, which comprising the following processes: A) a filtering process, in which ship ballast water is filtered to remove the large grained organisms and solids; and B) a sterilizing process, in which the filtered water flows through a sterilization processing unit to have the organisms and bacteria in the water killed. Correspondingly, the present invention also discloses a system for processing ship ballast water, which has advantages as follows: low energy consumption, high efficiency, convenient installation simple and no pollution after processing.

Abstract: Method and system for treating a waste stream. The waste is presented in containers, such as chamber pots and other containers for liquid and other kinds of waste. such waste can be supplied at different locations and is immediately comminuted. In a separating stage, the waste stream is separated into container material and actual waste. Actual waste is fed to a bioreactor where the water is purified so that it may be re-used, if desired. If biodegradable, the container material may be subjected to a fermentation step. Heat and gases released in the process may be used for heating the fermenter and/or generating power. It is also possible to feed kitchen waste, which may optionally have been comminuted, to the fermentation. The stream leaving the fermentation may be separated into hard components which are filtered off and composted and into softer components which can be fed to the purification installation.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for dissolving gases into a fluid that is passing through a force-main and gravity sewer system. The system includes a dissolution tank having a pressure vessel for containing a liquid and for providing a regulated gas head space above the liquid, an inlet that permits passage of wastewater into the gas head space, and an outlet that permits passage of treated wastewater out of the pressure vessel. The system also includes a gas source in communication with the pressure vessel; a pump for supplying wastewater from a force-main or sewer system sump into the pressure vessel under conditions effective to dissolve oxygen gas in the wastewater; and a discharge device in communication with the outlet of the dissolution tank assembly for discharging treated wastewater.

Abstract: A device for mixing and aerating a body of water, the device includes a microbial fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode; an electricity management subsystem electrically connecting the anode and the cathode; and a mixing subsystem electrically connected to the electricity management subsystem. The device can be used to mix or aerate a body of water containing organic material while simultaneously reducing the requirements for aeration. The body of water may provide organic material to the microbial fuel cell to produce electricity to power the mixing subsystem.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to water treatment systems, and specifically to mobile flotation tanks, mobile chemical mix tanks, and mobile integrated water treatment systems, and methods regarding the same.

Abstract: A mobile water recovery system and methods of recycling water from slurry produced by pavement grinding machines. The system includes a platform having a plurality of wheels, a slurry storage tank or a slurry settling tank, a centrifuge in flow communication with the slurry storage tank or slurry settling tank, such as a hydraulic centrifuge, a solids storage component, and a cleaned water storage tank in flow communication with the centrifuge. The system may also include an acidifier which may be located within the cleaned water storage tank. The acidifier may bubble engine exhaust through the cleaned water or may dispense a pH adjusting agent into the clean water storage tank.

Abstract: A method of providing end-to-end water quality control from a water system operator to a point of delivery proximate a consumer, which may be at the point of entry, and/or between the point of entry and point of use, and/or at the point of use. The method includes treating the water and delivering the water to the consumer at the point of delivery, filtering/ purifying the water at the point of delivery, monitoring water quality at the point of delivery, and reporting water quality at the point of delivery to the water system operator over a network.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying crude aromatic nitro compounds which originate from the nitration of aromatic compounds, comprising the following wash stages (a1) and (a2), where each of stages (a1) and (a2) may be performed once or more than once in succession: (a1) contacting the crude aromatic nitro compound (N1-in) with a first aqueous phase (W1-in) comprising at least one base (B) and then separating the phases to obtain an organic phase (N1-res)and an aqueous phase (W1-res); and then (a2) contacting the organic phase (N1-res) obtained in stage (a1) with a second aqueous phase (W2-in) and then separating the phases to obtain a purified organic phase (N2-res) and at least one aqueous phase (W2-res), the aqueous phase used (W2-in) having a pH of 6 to 9.

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous determination of chlorine and chlorate in sodium hypochlorite. First and second streams of sodium hypochlorite are provided. The first stream is treated to generate iodine indicative of chlorine. The second stream is treated to generate iodine indicative of chlorine and chlorate. The iodine of the first stream is subjected to an amperometric measuring cell to generate a first current proportional to a chlorine concentration of the first stream. The iodine of the second stream is subjected to an amperometric measuring cell to generate a second current proportional to the chlorine and chlorate concentration in the second stream. The first current is subtracted from the second current to determine an amount of chlorate.

Abstract: Zero valent metal composite, manufacturing thereof, using thereof, and system including thereof, for (in-situ or ex-situ) catalytically treating contaminated water, such as sub-surface water, surface water, above-surface water, water vapor, or/and gaseous water. Composite includes powdered diatomite matrix incorporated with nanometer (1-1000 nm) sized particles of a zero valent (transition) metal (iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, palladium, platinum, or/and gold) and at least one electron transfer mediator (catalyst) from porphyrinogenic organometallic complexes (e.g., metalloporphyrins (chlorophylls, hemes, cytochromes) or metallocorrins (e.g., vitamin B12), and optionally, includes vermiculite. System includes composite and in-situ or/and ex-situ unit containing the composite, enabling exposure of contaminated water thereto. Applicable to in-situ sub-surface permeable reactive barriers (PRBs).

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a diffuser for saturation of water with gas, comprising a diffusion element (1) for diffusing the gas run through the diffuser, wherein the diffusion element (1) is made of charcoal. The invention also refers to a set for saturating water with gas, as well as a method for saturation of water with gas, and the use of charcoal as a diffusion element.

Abstract: A nanotube separation method includes depositing a tag on a nanotube in a nanotube mixture. The nanotube has a defect and the tag deposits at the defect where a deposition rate is greater than on another nanotube in the mixture lacking the defect. The method includes removing the tagged nanotube from the mixture by using the tag. As one option, the tag may contain a ferromagnetic material and the removing may include applying a magnetic field. As another option, the tag may contain an ionic material and the removing may include applying an electric field. As a further option, the tag may contain an atom having an atomic mass greater than the atomic mass of carbon and the removing may include applying a centrifugal force to the nanotube mixture. Any two or more of the indicated removal techniques may be combined.

Abstract: A pre-treatment method injecting sulfur dioxide into waters containing suspended solids to undergo ultra violet disinfection to form sulfurous acid (H2SO3) to self-agglomerate and precipitate solids from the wastewater for settling or filtration removal and provide acid to reduce bicarbonate and mineral scaling and microbial buildup on ultraviolet light tubes to improve their performance.

Abstract: A process for removing a sulfur species from a stream selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon stream, an aqueous stream, and mixtures thereof is disclosed herein, which may include introducing a treating mixture into the stream. The treating mixture may include a compound of the general formula selected from the group consisting of: or combinations of compound (I) or compound (II). R1 may be a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group that is saturated, unsaturated, cyclic or branched, or may contain a heteroatom. ‘A’ may be an oxygen atom or a methylene group. R2 may be a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group that may be saturated, unsaturated, cyclic or branched, or may contain a heteroatom(s) other than C and H. The treating mixture may reduce the reactive sulfur species in the stream. The sulfur species reduced from the stream may be hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, polysulfides, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A self-contained storage system for hazardous materials includes a containment envelope enclosing a storage tank containing hazardous materials and forming a containment space between the storage tank and containment envelope. Leaked material is detected by one or more sensors in the containment space and, depending on the concentration or time rate of change in concentration of the leaked material, alarms and corresponding mitigation measures are reversibly activated to remove leaked material from the containment space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of a solid catalytic composition based on a functionalized porous organic material, wherein: (A) organogelator compounds are self-assembled, within a medium comprising organic monomers, in the form of fibrillar structures having a diameter ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm; and then (B) the monomers are then polymerized; and then (C) the organogelator compounds are extracted from the polymer material, thereby obtaining a porous polymer material (M0), wherein the monomers bear reactive R functions, for which the presence is sought on the material; or said reactive R functions in protected form; or functions able to allow grafting of said reactive R functions on the polymer materials; and wherein, following step (C), (D) all or part of the functions present at the walls of the mesopores of the polymer material (M0) are converted where appropriate into reactive R functions and a composition is recovered comprising a porous polymer material (M) bearing the reactive R fu

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and rapid methods for extracting strontium ions from urine to provide a concentrated and purified strontium-90 extract suitable for scintillation measurements. The methods remove organic compounds, pigments, and alkali metal ions that can interfere with quantitative determination of strontium-90 in urine.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for carrying out a photocatalytic reaction. The apparatus comprises a reaction chamber having a longitudinal axis and comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet displaced in a longitudinal direction. A bearing surface is provided for a layer of mobile photocatalyst particles disposed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, and a reactant fluid flowing between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet contacts the layer of mobile photocatalyst particle. A formation is provided to redirect the fluid flow through the layer of mobile photocatalyst particles to increase the contact of the fluid with the layer of mobile photocatalyst particles.

Abstract: Sewage sludge is dewatered to a cake-like state. The viscosity of the sludge is lowered by admixing a quantity of urea, urea-ammonium-nitrate, or other nitrogen-containing material, in with the dewatered sludge. The treatment also removes pathogens, and renders the product suitable for use as a fertilizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for extracting constituents from organic material, comprising the step of extracting with a monophasic mixture of 50% by volume to 90% by volume of methanol and 50 to 10% by volume of water and optionally 0% by volume to 40% by volume of a further solvent or solvent mixture.

Abstract: The use of a dialdehyde (e.g. glyoxal) and a nitrogen-containing scavenger (e.g. a triazine) when injected separately in media containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and/or mercaptans to scavenge H2S and/or mercaptans therefrom gives a synergistically better reaction rate and overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity, over the use of the dialdehyde or the nitrogen-containing scavenger used alone, but in the same total amount of the dialdehyde and nitrogen-containing scavenger. The media may include an aqueous phase, a gas phase, a hydrocarbon phase and mixtures of a gas and/or hydrocarbon phase with an aqueous phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to purification of an intact, non-degraded macromolecule from a biological mixture comprising the macromolecule in the presence of its lytic enzyme. The method comprises providing the biological mixture as a heterogeneous mixture comprising the lytic enzyme, at least partially, in soluble form and the macromolecule, at least partially, in non-soluble form; batch-wise contacting the heterogeneous mixture with an immobilized inhibitor of the lytic enzyme; increasing the solubility of the macromolecule in the mixture; and removing the immobilized inhibitor from the mixture.

Abstract: Industrial process for the treatment of RSW (residential solid waste) after being milled is processed with sanitizing solutions, and binders and hardeners, which chemically immobilize and avoid the production of percolating liquids, leaching of heavy metals and generation of greenhouse gases. The resulting material is a grey, warm and malleable paste that is moldable, allowing diverse uses. The material can be directly buried in the ground without special protections; can be used as construction material for urban furniture or architectural structures; or can be anchored in the ocean, building habitats of ocean ecosystems, if it is properly packaged in waterproof material.

Abstract: An assembly and method for processing human waste includes providing a supporting base having an opening within which a waste reservoir is affixed. The assembly may be installed on or below a rim of a toilet bowl. Solidification and pathogen killing materials are provided. The materials are deposited in the reservoir either prior to or upon accumulation of waste in the reservoir. The reservoir with the solidified waste is then sealed and transported to a collection facility.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for decreasing amounts of metal ions in liquid materials and in porous solid materials surrounded by a liquid, by utilization of sequestering agents that form complexes with said metal ions as well as methods for removing and optionally recovering said metal ions from the complexes. Further, there are provided novel sequestering agents and compositions comprising sequestering agents of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A waste water clarification system is mounted on two road-transportable trailers which meet height and weight regulations and require no additional permitting. An elongate, low-profile clarifier having inclined plate packs supported therein utilizes the dropped bed portion of the first trailer to maximize the usable height to meet transport requirements while optimizing clarification of the waste water therein. Sludge produced in the clarifier section is thickened by gravity in a thickening section mounted on the first trailer. The thickened sludge is delivered to dewatering apparatus on the second trailer which also houses a lift tank for clarified water, chemical storage tanks and a control room for system control apparatus. Linear conveyors, in steep-walled troughs in the bottoms of the clarifier and thickening sections, slowly move the sludge to outlets therein, the speed being slow enough that a sludge blanket which develops in or above the troughs is not disrupted.

Abstract: A method for connecting a chlorine generator to a pipe carrying a flow of water is disclosed. A short section of rigid pipe conveying water to the chlorine generator is configured at an end inserted into the water flow so that the flow forces water into the rigid pipe and into the chlorine generator, and a second short section of rigid pipe that returns chlorinated water from the chlorine generator to the flow of water is configured at an end inserted into the water flow so that the flow draws the chlorinated water into the flow. A single clamp around the pipe carrying the flow may be used to mount both sections of short rigid tubing to and from the chlorine generator.

Abstract: (?)3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylperhydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan (ambrox) is a strong aromatic compound used widely in a variety of perfumery applications and is highly prized for its musky odor. We report novel polar metabolites of (?)3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylperhydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan prepared by a novel process of microbial fermentation using a fungi, Fusarium lini, of unique structures that would be difficult to predict opening up the possibilities of their chemical synthesis. The polar metabolites discovered have stronger aromatic characteristics and offer a new highly prized odiferous characteristic quite different from that of the parent compound and thus can be used in the preparation of perfumes, odor-masking and other odor-management applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reclamation of waste fluids. A conditioning container is employed for receipt of waste material on a continuous flow for treatment within the container by immersible transducers producing ultrasonic acoustic waves in combination with a high level of injected ozone. The invention discloses a cost efficient and environmentally friendly process and apparatus for cleaning and recycling of flowback, or frac water, which has been used to stimulate gas production from shale formations. The apparatus is mobile and containerized and suitable for installation at the well site.

Abstract: Various methods and apparatus are disclosed that relate to one or more aspects of a treatment system that circum-neutralizes the pH of an aqueous stream, removes one or more heavy metals from the aqueous stream, circum-neutralizes the pH of a CCR supply, and/or removes one or more heavy metals from the CCR supply.

Abstract: A method for producing biofuels is provided that includes dewatering intact algal cells to make an algal biomass, extracting neutral lipids from the algal biomass, and esterifying the neutral lipids with a catalyst in the presence of an alcohol. The method also includes separating a water soluble fraction comprising glycerin from a water insoluble fraction comprising fuel esters and distilling the fuel esters under vacuum to obtain a C16 or shorter fuel esters fraction, a C16 or longer fuel ester fraction, and a residue comprising carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids. The method further includes hydrodeoxygenating at least one of (i) the C16 or shorter fuel esters to obtain a jet fuel blend stock and (ii) the C16 or longer fuel esters to obtain a diesel blend stock. The method further includes supplying the hydrogenation and deoxygenation processes with hydrogen produced from reformed light hydrocarbons or an algae culture.

Abstract: A method for separating proteins from plant material, in particular, intact algal cells, using an amphipathic solvent set and a hydrophobic solvent set. Some embodiments include dewatering intact algal cells and then extracting proteins from the algal cells. The methods provide for single and multistep extraction processes which allow for efficient separation of algal proteins from a wet algal biomass. These proteins are high value products which can be used as renewable sources of food and food additives. Neutral lipids remaining in the algal biomass after extraction of proteins can be used to generate renewable fuels.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to the separation of carbon nanotubes by reversible gelation.

Abstract: Methods for selective extraction and fractionation of algal lipids and algal products are disclosed. A method of selective removal of products from an algal biomass provides for single and multistep extraction processes which enable efficient separation of algal components. Among these components are neutral lipids synthesized by algae, which are extracted by the methods disclosed herein for the production of renewable fuels.

Abstract: A method for removing an unwanted chemical from a working fluid of a system includes: 1) pumping into a tank a working fluid that includes an unwanted, first chemical; 2) injecting into the tank a second chemical in an amount that provides or substantially provides a stoichiometric ratio relative to the amount of the unwanted, first chemical in the working fluid; 3) mixing the second chemical with the working fluid in a first portion of the tank to generate a molecule that precipitates out of the working fluid and that includes the unwanted, first chemical; 4) holding the working fluid in a second portion of the tank to separate the molecule from the working fluid; and 5) ejecting the working fluid from the second portion. The flow rate of the working fluid and the size of the first and second portions of the separation tank are coordinated to make the working fluid take at least 4 minutes to flow through the tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isolating constituents from organic material, comprising the following process steps: a) freeze-drying of the organic material; b) extracting the constituents with a polar solvent or solvent mixture (A) and an organic solvent or solvent mixture (B), it being possible for the extracts of the extraction with (A) and (B) to form one phase; c) combining the extracts (A) and (B) to give one phase; and d) carrying out an esterification/transesterification in the unpolar phase with an alcohol, the esterification/transesterification being carried out in the presence of a volatile acid; the process being a high-throughput process.