Abstract: A wearable system for performing purifying therapies on organic fluids with the use of extracorporeal circuits includes a clothing article wearable by a patient, in which at least one disposable extracorporeal circuit is removably housed. The wearable clothing article has a line for drawing, from a patient drawing point, organic fluid to be purified, and a line for returning, to a patient infusion point, purified organic fluid. A filter is included for filtering the organic fluid to be purified, arranged between the drawing line and the return line. A first pump is provided for pumping, along the extracorporeal circuits, the organic fluid to be purified and the purified organic fluid. A means for collecting and storing fluid residues filtered from the organic fluid to be purified, is connected to the filter via a collection line. The extracorporeal circuit includes an anti-thrombogenic covering.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the performance of kidney replacement therapy having or using a dialyzer, control components, sorbent cartridge and fluid reservoirs configured to be of a weight and size suitable to be worn or carried by an individual requiring treatment are disclosed. The system for performing kidney replacement therapy has a controlled compliance dialysis circuit, where a control pump controls the bi-directional movement of fluid across a dialysis membrane. The dialysis circuit and an extracorporeal circuit for circulating blood are in fluid communication through the dialysis membrane. The flux of fluid moving between the extracorporeal circuit and the dialysis circuit is modified by the rate at which the control pump is operating such that a rate of ultrafiltration and convective clearance can be controlled. The system provides for the monitoring of an inlet and outlet conductivity of the sorbent cartridge to provide a facility to quantify or monitor the removal of urea by the sorbent cartridge.

Abstract: A system for treating fractionated water from an oil and gas well. The system comprising a filter system, a diffusive membrane system, a plurality of membrane sensors, and at least one membrane controller. The filter system is fluidly connected to the diffusive membrane system, wherein the filter system comprises a plurality of straining filter banks. The diffusive membrane system comprises a plurality of membrane banks each having an inlet and an outlet. The plurality of membrane sensors are positioned at the outlet of each of the plurality of membrane banks, and the plurality of membrane sensors are configured to detect the total dissolved solids level at the outlet of each of the plurality of membrane banks.

Abstract: A hemodialysis apparatus includes a dialysis device, a detecting device, an evaluation device and a memory device. The dialysis device dialyzes and ultrafiltrates blood of a patient according to an ultrafiltration volume based on an estimated dry weight while performing hemodialysis treatment on the blood circulating extracorporeally. The detecting device obtains time series data by measuring a parameter related to concentration of the blood circulating extracorporeally at a plurality of points in time series in a process of the hemodialysis treatment by the dialysis device. The evaluation device evaluates appropriateness of the hemodialysis treatment by evaluating whether the estimated dry weight approximates to a dry weight after the hemodialysis treatment by the dialysis device. The memory device stores a plurality of time series data when the hemodialysis treatment is evaluated to be appropriate by the evaluation device.

Abstract: A method and a device for supply of a dialyser in a dialysis unit with dialysis fluid is disclosed. At least one dialysis fluid concentrate is mixed with water to produce the dialysis fluid. The dialysis fluid concentrate is prepared in a reservoir unit in a given amount. A control and arithmetic unit calculates the dialysis fluid rate (Qd) such that, after a given treatment time (TB) has passed, a given residual amount of dialysis fluid concentrate or no residual amount remains in the reservoir unit. It is preferable to empty the reservoir unit by the end of treatment.

Abstract: Provided is a dehydrator that requires no excessively large apparatus structure and achieves cost-saving while maintaining suction efficiency at a desired level by use of suction means. A dehydrator 100 for separating water from a target liquid 13 includes at least two water separation membrane units 1a and 1b which are provided in series in a flow direction of the target liquid 13. The water separation membrane unit 1a on an upstream side out of the water separation membrane units 1a and 1b is connected to suction means 7 for sucking a gas phase containing water through one condenser 4, and the one condenser 4 condenses water in the gas phase and thereby separates the water. The gas phase sucked by the suction means 7 from the one condenser 4 is transferred to at least one downstream condenser 8 provided downstream of the one condenser 4, and the downstream condenser 8 condenses water in the gas phase and thereby separates the water.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus and sensor apparatus system for use in conjunction with a cassette, including a disposable or replaceable cassette. In some embodiments, the cassette includes a thermal well for permitting the sensing of various properties of a subject media. The thermal well includes a hollow housing of a thermally conductive material. In other embodiments, the cassette includes sensor leads for sensing of various properties of a subject media. The thermal well has an inner surface shaped so as to form a mating relationship with a sensing probe. The mating thermally couples the inner surface with a sensing probe. In some embodiments, the thermal well is located on a disposable portion and the sensing probe on a reusable portion.

Abstract: Technology for preparing a dialysis fluid capable of flexibly changing bicarbonate ion concentration and maintaining concentrations of electrolytes such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium at constant levels during dialysis according to the disease state of a patient. A three-component dialysate containing an agent S containing sodium chloride, an agent B containing sodium bicarbonate, and an agent A containing electrolyte components other than sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, with suitable adjustment of the amount of the agent B during dialysis fluid preparation maintains concentrations of trace metal ions such as potassium ions, calcium ions, and magnesium ions in a dialysis fluid at constant levels and flexibly changes the bicarbonate ion concentration therein. Adjusting the ratio between the amount of the agent S and agent B when the dialysate is used also makes it possible to maintain the sodium ion concentration at a constant level or flexibly change the sodium ion concentration.

Abstract: A method for treating water including intaking a first amount of water into a plurality of treatment blocks, treating the first amount of water, outputting aqueous treated water streams from each of the plurality of treatment blocks, separating the aqueous treated water streams from each of the plurality of treatment blocks into aqueous permeate streams and concentrate reject streams, monitoring each of the aqueous permeate streams, controlling the operation of at least one of the plurality of treatment blocks based on predefined water-characteristic tolerances that fall within a predetermined concentration range based on the different qualities of the aqueous permeate streams, combining the aqueous permeate streams of at least two of the plurality of treatment blocks based on the identified characteristics and the predefined water-characteristic tolerances, and outputting the product water stream and the at least one concentrate reject stream.

Abstract: Method and device according to the method for determining intracellular and/or extracellular, in particular macromolecular fractions of fluids, preferably of body fluids of living organisms, with the steps: coupling-in a measurement signal through an electrically non-conductive wall into the fluid to be measured; coupling-out an electrical measurement value that is thereby generated in the fluid to be measured; detecting the coupled-out electrical measurement value at a plurality of different frequencies of the electrical measurement signal; determining the intracellular and/or extracellular, in particular macromolecular fractions of the fluid to be measured by means of evaluation of the detected electrical measurement value at a plurality of frequencies of the measurement signal.

Abstract: A water purification system comprising a cross-flow filter is arranged to permit recirculation of the retentate or reject water from the retentate outlet of the filter to the inlet of the filter. A first pump is configured to pump source water into the feed water path of the filter, and to raise the fluid pressure in the feed water path and recirculation path. A second pump is configured to recirculate water from the retentate outlet of the filter to the inlet of the filter at a flow rate substantially higher than the flow rate of water generated by the first pump. A drain path connected to the recirculation path or feed water path may include a flow restrictor to permit removal of highly concentrated reject water while maintaining a minimum fluid pressure within the recirculation flowpath.

Abstract: A system for converting contaminated water, such as produced water, frack flow back water, and other contaminated water from industrial sources into fresh, non-contaminated, or potable water includes a registration and verification unit for registering intake water loads and verifying their content; a receiving system for temporarily isolating each load; an equalization basin for creating an homogenized water source; an electro-coagulation unit in which one or more of the voltage, current, pulse frequency and application time are variable and controlled by one or more of a conductivity sensor; a pH sensor; a level sensor; an ultrafiltration unit for removing organics; a nanofiltration unit; a reverse osmosis unit, and an electrodyalisis unit. The processed concentrate remaining after the water is converted is dewatered via a forward osmosis unit.

Abstract: Dialysis apparatus including a blood treatment unit having a dialysate chamber and a blood chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane, a dialysate circuit presenting a supply line and a discharge line connected to the blood treatment unit, a preparation device for preparing a dialysate containing a substance present in the blood too and a regulator regulating the concentration of the substance in the dialysate. A blood circuit to circulate extracorporeal blood through the blood chamber; a controller that determines a value representative of the concentration of the substance in the blood and are programmed for driving the regulator as a function of the determined value representative of the substance concentration in the blood such that the substance concentration in the dialysate tends towards the substance concentration in the blood.

Abstract: Detection device for quantitative detection of predetermined molecules, in particular medium size protein molecules, in a sample liquid with a light source for emitting measurement radiation, a section for irradiating the sample liquid and a light detector for measuring the detection radiation exiting the section for irradiating the sample liquid, as well as an analysis stage located downstream of the light detector for analyzing the detector signal, wherein the light source is designed such that the measurement radiation has a spectral range exciting the intrinsic fluorescence of a molecule to be determined, and the light detector is designed such that at least one spectral range of the detection radiation is measured, in which the molecule emits intrinsic fluorescence radiation.

Abstract: A connecting device comprises a buffer chamber (2), a first connecting line (3) between a liquid source (4) and an inlet (5) of the buffer chamber, a second connecting line (9) between an outlet (10) of the buffer chamber and the medical treatment apparatus (11), two valves (7, 8) arranged in series on the first connecting line, a pump (12) on the second connecting line, two liquid level sensors (15, 16) operating in the buffer chamber, a vent valve (18) connected to the buffer chamber. The liquid source is a centralized distribution plant of dialysate, while the medical treatment apparatus is a dialysis apparatus. The invention prevents back-contamination of the centralized plant with disinfectant sourced from the dialysis apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling a filtration rate during treatment of a body fluid, e.g., during hemofiltration or dialysis, comprising the steps of defining a target relation, or a development during dialysis thereof, between one or more calculated or measured value(s) reflecting the mass, concentration, or the volume of a substance comprised by a patient's tissue or bodily fluid, and one or more calculated or measured value(s) reflecting a patient's distribution space or an approximation thereof; during dialysis repeatedly calculating or measuring value(s) reflecting the mass, concentration or the volume of the substance and/or reflecting the distribution space or an approximation thereof, and determining the relation therebetween at least once; and controlling the filtration rate of the body fluid treatment device such that the determined relation is or approaches the target relation.

Abstract: A system for treating fractionated water from an oil and gas well. The system comprising a filter system, a diffusive membrane system, a plurality of membrane sensors, and at least one membrane controller. The filter system is fluidly connected to the diffusive membrane system, wherein the filter system comprises a plurality of straining filter banks. The diffusive membrane system comprises a plurality of membrane banks each having an inlet and an outlet. The plurality of membrane sensors are positioned at the outlet of each of the plurality of membrane banks, and the plurality of membrane sensors are configured to detect the total dissolved solids level at the outlet of each of the plurality of membrane banks.

Abstract: In a hemodialysis system, a microprocessor periodically controls the injection of a quantity of a halogen solution, preferably an iodine solution, to trigger an event alarm. At a predetermined time, the solution is circulated into a chlorine-specific sensor probe to the point of exceeding a threshold on the sensor system. This event is then recorded and a chlorine alarm event light is illuminated. After the slug of solution is flushed from the system, the alarm clears but the event light remains lit. Then, the next time an operator arrives to operate the hemodialysis system, she can verify that the monitor recorded a chlorine event since the previous day. She then resets the event light.

Abstract: A method of membrane separation and membrane separation apparatus, with which not only a supply liquid can be evaluated but also the problems, such as scale, occurring on reverse osmosis membrane can be monitored in a highly straightforward fashion. There is provided a membrane separation apparatus equipped with reverse osmosis membrane module (3) so as to be adapted for feeding of a supply liquid and obtaining of a permeated liquid and a concentrated liquid, characterized by comprising a feeding-side membrane separation means (10) which includes a separation membrane (11) of which the membrane face (11a) can be monitored and guides the supply liquid so as to separate the membrane, and a concentrating-side membrane separation means (20) which includes a separation membrane (21) of which the membrane face (21a) can be monitored and guides the concentrated liquid so as to separate the membrane separation thereof.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis membrane separation device includes: a reverse osmosis membrane module; a flow rate detecting unit configured to detect a flow rate of permeate water to output a detected flow rate value corresponding to the flow rate; a pressure pump configured to be driven at a rotation speed corresponding to an input drive frequency and to feed supply water to the reverse osmosis membrane module; an inverter configured to output a drive frequency corresponding to an input current value signal to the pressure pump; and a control unit configured to calculate a drive frequency of the pressure pump by a velocity type digital PID algorithm, such that a detected flow rate value output from the flow rate detecting unit becomes a target flow rate value that is set in advance to output a current value signal corresponding to a calculation value of the drive frequency to the inverter.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the dialysate flow in a dialysis device. A change of the value of a control factor, caused by a variation of a property of the dialysate or of the blood or by a change of the dialysate flow, is determined in order to control the dialysate flow. The control factor is a measure for the exchange of substances via the dialyzer and thus the effectiveness of the dialyzer. If the change of the value of the control factor exceeds a limit, the dialysate flow is increased. On the other hand, the dialysate flow is reduced if the change of the value of the control factor falls short of the limit range.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a water treatment system includes: a membrane separation device and a water softening device including a valve unit switching between a softening process in which soft water is obtained by passing raw water through a cation exchange resin bed downward and a regeneration process in which a whole of the cation exchange resin bed is regenerated by generating an opposite flow of a regenerant by supplying the regenerant from both sides of a top portion and a bottom portion of the cation exchange resin bed and collecting a liquid at an intermediate portion of the cation exchange resin bed, and a regenerant supply supplying the regenerant in a volume which gives a regeneration level of 1 to 6 eq/L-R, to a hardness leakage prevention region set in a predetermined depth on the bottom portion of the cation exchange resin bed, in the regeneration process.

Abstract: Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid, may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm, dividing the device into first and second compartments.

Abstract: Hemodialysis dialysis systems are disclosed. Hemodialysis systems of the invention may include a dialysate flow path including a balancing circuit, a mixing circuit, and/or a directing circuit. The circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuits may be at least partially isolated, spatially and/or thermally, from electrical components of the system. A gas supply may be provided in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. The hemodialysis systems may include fluid handling devices, actuated using a control fluid, optionally delivered using a detachable pump. Fluid handling devices may be generally rigid and of a spheroid shape, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into compartments.

Abstract: An advanced control system for a membrane bioreactor based wastewater treatment plant is disclosed. The disclosed control system comprises a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system and a microprocessor based controller that receives signals corresponding to selected measured MBR parameters and calculates or estimates one or more MBR calculated parameters including Membrane Conductivity (Fxc); and/or Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR). The microprocessor based controller compares one or more calculated or estimated MBR parameters to prescribed setpoints or desired ranges and governs one or more pumps and valves in the MBR system to adjust the cleaning cycle the MBR system, the MBR flows in the MBR system, or the influent flow to the biological basin in response thereto.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for treating produced water, for example for re-use in an oil or bitumen extraction operation of for treating frac water, the produced water flows through a series of treatment units. A portion of the produced water may by-pass one or more of the treatment units but the by-pass portion may be such that the treated water is still acceptable, for example for discharge or reuse. Concentrations of oil and grease, organic carbon, silica, pH or related parameters in the produced water may be monitored and used to control the process or apparatus. Control of the process may involve one or more of altering a by-pass portion, altering the addition of chemicals, and altering the operation of a unit process. The process may be controlled to respond to upset conditions, or such that the concentration of one or more limiting contaminants is near, but not over, a specified maximum for re-use or discharge.

Abstract: A blood purification apparatus includes a blood circuit having arterial and venous blood circuits, a blood pump, a blood purifying device, an indicator applying device that applies a predetermined indicator to the blood flowing extracorporeally through the blood circuit, a detecting device that detects the indicator applied by the indicator applying device, an arithmetic device that calculates, based on the indicator detected by the detecting device, a recirculation rate, and a calculating device that calculates an ideal extracorporeally circulating blood flow that results in the recirculation rate being no more than a predetermined value when the recirculation rate calculated by the arithmetic device is greater than the predetermined value. The recirculation rate is a proportion of a recirculated blood flow, which is reintroduced to the patient from the venous blood circuit and directed again to the arterial blood circuit, relative to an extracorporeally circulating blood flow.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis system includes an automated peritoneal dialysis (“APD”) machine including a logic implementer and a wireless interface receiver. The system also includes at least one of a scale or a blood pressure monitor including a wireless interface transmitter. The scale or blood pressure monitor is operable to send at least one of patient blood pressure data and patient weight data wirelessly, respectively, to the wireless interface receiver. The logic implementer is configured to store the patient blood pressure data or patient weight data. A server computer is configured to communicate with the logic implementer to receive the stored at least one patient blood pressure data and patient weight data.

Abstract: A method of starting up a filtration plant for the filtration of a process liquid, after cleaning of the filtration plant, and a filtration plant which is arranged to be able to started up in accordance with this method. A secondary liquid supply unit connected to the post-treatment equipment during the starting up of the plant provides a flow of e.g. sterilized water to the post-treatment equipment, so that this can be held in a condition in which it is ready for operation. Thereafter, the process liquid is led to the filtration equipment, and the flow of liquid from the secondary liquid supply unit to the post-treatment equipment is shut off when a flow of filtered process liquid is obtained, and which thereafter replaces the liquid from the secondary liquid supply unit.

Abstract: A cartridge for use in a hemodialysis machine, the cartridge comprising a dialysate flow path including a dialyser, the dialysate flow path for delivering a flow of dialysate to the dialyser; a first mixing pump comprising a chamber having a fixed volume between a concave recess and a flexible membrane, said chamber for receiving a predetermined volume of a first dialysate solution base, and a volume of water; a flow balancing pump comprising: a chamber having a fixed volume between a concave recess and a flexible membrane, and inlet through which it receives dialysate; a fluid flow path connecting the first mixing pump to the flow balancing pump; the cartridge further comprising a first check valve having an inlet in fluid communication with said fluid flow path, said check valve configured to open if the pressure in the fluid flow path exceeds a predetermined pressure to allow excess fluid in the fluid flow path to flow through the first check valve to a drain, and to close when the pressure in the fluid fl

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system is provided comprising a first biological reaction zone, a second biological reaction zone and a membrane operating system. The first biological reaction zone is constructed and arranged to receive and treat the wastewater. The second biological reaction zone includes a separation subsystem and is constructed and arranged to receive effluent from the first biological reaction zone. A suspension system for adsorbent material is provided in the second biological reaction zone. The membrane operating system is located downstream of the second biological reaction zone and is constructed and arranged to receive treated wastewater from the second biological reaction zone and discharge a membrane permeate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dialyser having a blood-pressure measuring unit assigned to the dialyser, a pulse-wave-transit-time measuring system assigned to the dialyser and an evaluation unit, the evaluation unit being configured such that a signal representing the blood pressure can be derived from this pulse wave transit time; the parameters describing the relationship between the pulse wave transit time and the blood pressure can be determined from a plurality of measurements made by the blood-pressure measuring unit and simultaneous measurements made by the pulse-wave-transit-time measuring system, it being possible to determine at least two of these pairs of measured values at times when the absolute and/or the relative pulse-wave-transit-time deviation is above a threshold value.

Abstract: Monitoring of the performance of a blood fluid removal medium of a blood fluid removal device includes monitoring of condition, such as fluid flow rate or concentration of blood waste product, downstream of the medium. Upstream monitoring of the condition may also be performed to enhance the ability to determine whether the blood fluid removal medium is performing within predetermined ranges.

Abstract: Methods include monitoring indicators of blood pH or blood electrolyte levels during a blood fluid removal session and adjusting concentrations of pH buffers or electrolytes in dialysate or replacement fluid used during the session based on the monitored indicators. Blood fluid removal systems may employ sensors that monitor blood pH or electrolyte levels to adjust the fluid parameters during a blood fluid removal session.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of adapting of a second threshold window of at least a second measured variable depending on the change of a first threshold window of a first measured variable, wherein the adaptation is performed by the use of a control unit having been provided and/or configured therefor. The present invention further relates to a control device, a medical treatment apparatus, a medical monitoring apparatus, a digital storage means, a computer program product and a computer program.

Abstract: An energy exchange chamber is used for exchanging pressure energy between concentrated seawater discharged from a reverse-osmosis membrane-separation apparatus and a part of seawater to be treated by the reverse-osmosis membrane separation apparatus in a seawater desalination system. The energy exchange chamber includes a concentrated seawater distributor communicating with a concentrated seawater port and configured to distribute a flow of the concentrated seawater flowing therein all over a horizontal plane of an interior of a chamber, and a seawater distributor communicating with a seawater port and configured to distribute a flow of the seawater flowing therein all over a horizontal plane of the interior of the chamber. The concentrated seawater and the seawater introduced into the chamber are brought into direct contact with each other over the horizontal plane of the interior of the chamber to exchange pressure energy between the concentrated seawater and the seawater.

Abstract: A medical apparatus comprises a control system allowing storage of a number of shaping profiles. Each shaping profile is stored as a plurality of pairs, including a shaping profile reference value and a time interval value. The reference value is represented as fraction, for instance a percentage, of the total weight loss the apparatus should achieve at the end of a treatment time. Each time interval value is represented either as fraction of the total treatment time or as a prefixed actual time interval. The control system calculates the actual weight loss rate versus time profile based on the desired total weight loss, on the desired total treatment time as well as on selected desired shaping profile.

Abstract: A dialysis system instrument includes a dialysis instrument, a disposable pumping and valving cassette apparatus operable with pumping and valving actuators of the dialysis instrument, the disposable cassette including an electronic cell and electronics associated with the electronic cell, the electronics configured to determine an electrical property of a solution flowing through the electronic cell of the disposable apparatus.

Abstract: A dialysis system includes: a dialysis machine for performing a first dialysis session on a patient at a first time of a day; a remote exchange device for performing a second dialysis session on the patient at a second time of the day, the remote exchange device configured to record an amount of ultrafiltration (“UF”) that is removed from the patient over the second dialysis session; and a communication link between the dialysis machine and the remote exchange device, wherein the dialysis machine is configured to receive the recorded amount UF removed from the remote exchange device via the communication link and determine a total amount of UF removed from the patient over the first and second sessions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assessing a patient's sensitivity to fluid removal from the patient's vascular system or to fluid replacement or addition with regard to the patient's hydration state, the method comprising the step of determining a value reflecting the distribution of fluid between at least two distribution spaces of the body of the patient or changes thereof from measured or calculated values, and assessing whether the value fulfils at least one criterion. It also relates to a controller, an apparatus, a device, a digital storage device, a computer program product, and a computer program.

Abstract: The invention is related to an apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of blood with a dialyzer which is separated by a semipermeable membrane into a first and a second chamber, wherein the first chamber is disposed in a dialysis fluid pathway and the second chamber is connectable to the blood circulation of a patient by means of a blood inflow conduit and a blood outflow conduit, a feed for fresh dialysis fluid, a discharge for spent dialysis fluid, a means for estimation of a flow QBlood in the blood inflow conduit respectively the blood outflow conduit, a means for determining a flow QDialysate in the dialysis fluid pathway, and a measuring device disposed in the discharge for estimation of the absorption ADialysate of the spent dialysis fluid flowing through the discharge, wherein the measuring device has at least one radiation source and a detector system for detection of the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A water purifying and enhancement system of a modular construction designed as a built-in appliance located under the countertop or as a free-standing (stand alone) unit. The water appliance has a water inlet for obtaining water from a supply source, scale reduction device, booster or re-pressurization pump, pre-filtration, U.V. sterilization, R.O. filtration, de-ionization (CDI or mechanical), mineral injection system (for adding desired minerals into the purified water), water diagnostic and monitoring cells, post filtration, proprietary water enhancement reactor consisting of specially engineered and blended ores of ceramic components, and/or an electrolytic ionization chamber, and/or a magnetic chamber, a water outlet for delivery of the highly purified enhanced water product, and a outlet to grey water drain for reject water.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus includes a pretreatment device 13 having a pretreatment membrane 13a that filters suspended matters in raw water 11 with added chlorine-containing water 12, a reverse osmosis membrane device 17 having a reverse osmosis membrane 16 that removes a salt content from filtrate water 14 supplied from the pretreatment device 13 to produce permeated water 15, and a reducing-agent injection device 30 that neutralizes the added chlorine on an upstream side of the reverse osmosis membrane device 17. The reducing-agent injection device 30 extracts a part 14a of the filtrate water 14, adds metering SBS solution 18 to the part, obtains a maximum change point (equivalence point) of the oxidation-reduction potential of a reducing agent and chlorine, obtains reducing-agent additive concentration (Csm) corresponding to the equivalence point, and supplies the SBS solution 18 corresponding to the concentration to the filtrate water 14 to thereby neutralize the chlorine.

Abstract: An extracorporeal filtration and detoxification system and method generally comprise separating ultrafiltrate from cellular components of blood, treating the ultrafiltrate independently of the cellular components in a recirculation circuit, recombining treated ultrafiltrate and the cellular components, and returning whole blood to the patient. A recirculation circuit generally comprises an active cartridge including active cells operative to effectuate a selected treatment; in some embodiments, the active cells are the C3A cell line.

Abstract: A system and method for scouring membranes in a membrane bioreactor system are disclosed. The system employs scouring devices and controls by which pressurized air creates bursts of bubbles that act to scour the membranes of fouling.

Abstract: A system for removing cryoprotectant from a cryoprotectant-containing liquid stored a container comprises a cryoprotectant removal device that receives the cryoprotectant-containing liquid and a cryoprotectant-free dialysate liquid and that is operable to transfer cryoprotectant to the dialysate liquid. A differential conductivity device is arranged to continuously measure the difference in conductivity between dialysate liquid entering the device and dialysate liquid that has received cryoprotectant transferred by the dialyzer discharged from the device. A controller is operable to control the flow of the liquids through the device in response to the measured difference in conductivity, and particularly to stop the flow of the cryoprotectant-containing liquid when the measured differential conductivity indicates that the cryoprotectant has been substantially removed from the liquid.

Abstract: An activated carbon adder adds activated carbon to raw water before flocculating sedimentation, to adsorb suspended matter contained in raw water, a liquid cyclone is adapted to separate activated carbon with suspended matter adsorbed thereon, from raw water containing activated carbon, an inflow line is connected with the liquid cyclone so as to cause raw water containing activated carbon before flocculating sedimentation to flow into the liquid cyclone and swirl therein, an activated carbon discharge line discharges activated carbon spun down out of raw water containing activated carbon in the liquid cyclone, from the liquid cyclone, and a pretreated water discharge line discharges raw water having got rid of activated carbon as pretreated water from the liquid cyclone, allowing for a reduced amount of chemicals to be used, with production of a reduced amount of sludge.

Abstract: In order to provide a means that can process organic wastewater via a membrane-separation activated sludge process that is stable over a long period of time, by reducing the quantity of biological polymers that can cause permeability problems, an additive is provided that is added to the activated sludge when treating organic wastewater via a membrane-separation activated sludge process. Said additive contains microorganisms that decompose polysaccharides.

Abstract: A filtration method for filtering raw water to obtain permeate by performing a filtration operation using pressure as a driving force for membrane modules, wherein the filtration operation is performed in three modes: raw water side pressure filtration, permeate side negative pressure filtration, and composite filtration combining the raw water side pressure filtration and the permeate side negative pressure filtration, any one of raw water side water quality, membrane filtration flux and transmembrane pressure is measured, and any one of the three filtration modes is switched to another in response to a measured value thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and article for manipulating an amount of organic material entrained in an aqueous phase of a solvent extraction process. The method includes estimating an interfacial shear stress between an aqueous phase and an organic phase of a solvent extraction apparatus, estimating an amount of organic material entrained in the aqueous phase based on the estimated interfacial shear stress, and manipulating one or more solvent extraction process parameters to manipulate the amount of organic material entrained in the aqueous phase. The method and apparatus can be used to improve performance of and reduce operating costs associated with the solvent extraction apparatus.