Abstract: A liquid container with an upper opening and a tube-shaped withdrawal chimney is disclosed. The withdrawal chimney extends into the container through the upper opening which has a liquid-permeable zone in the form of a finely-porous flow resistance element in its lower end region such that liquid exchange can take place between the withdrawal chimney and the container inner space which surrounds it via the flow resistance element. A venting groove formed by a radial recess of the casing wall of the withdrawal chimney in its upper region may be provided to ensure adequate venting of the space above the liquid level.

Abstract: A novel system and method for fluid management for accurate continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CWH) in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The fluid management or CWH system is automated and configured for operation as a stand alone unit and can be easily integrated with an ECMO system. The fluid management system is capable of producing either perfect or negative fluid balance between ultrafiltrate removal and replacement fluid delivery. The fluid management system can achieve electrolyte replacement over a range of flow rates needed to care for patients ranging from neonates to adults. Finally, the novel fluid management system preserves patient safety, maintains sterility during operation, is easy to operate, and is compact enough to fit near a patient's bed.

Abstract: A particle separation assembly comprises a vessel provided with an inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet. The assembly is arranged such that the flow rate of fluid through the inlet is greater than the flow rate of fluid through the first outlet such that there is a resultant fluid flow of lighter particles up the vessel and through the second outlet. Flow adjustment means are provided to enable the velocity of this resultant fluid flow to be adjusted, said means comprising a pivotable flap in one example.

Abstract: A renal failure therapy system includes a blood circuit with a blood pump and a drug delivery pump. A control unit is operable with the blood pump and the drug delivery pump to control the drug delivery pump based upon the status of the blood pump.

Abstract: A filter (1) to purify the water distributed by a dispenser, fitted with a special sanitizing device incorporated therein. Inside of the said filter (1), below the water chamber (3), is a disinfectant chamber (4) that contains the solution designed to sanitize the said dispenser. A mechanism causes the sanitizing solution to flow into the water chamber (3) of the filter (1) and into the piping, for performing the subsequent sanitizing action.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for anaerobic digestion of organic waste, comprises a reaction chamber (12) and a gas pressure regulator (14). The reaction chamber (12) comprises a first cell (20) and a second cell (22) linked by a passageway (24) for flow of organic waste slurry from a lower or bottom region of one cell to a lower or bottom region of another cell. The second cell is configured to retain gas under pressure in order to displace organic waste slurry through the passageway (24) from the second cell (22) to the first cell (20) in order to build a head of organic waste slurry in the first cell (20). The gas pressure regulator (14) is configured to release pressurized gas from the second cell in order to discharge the head of organic waste slurry from the first cell (20) back to the second cell (22) and agitate organic waste slurry in the reaction chamber (12).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a chromatography system wherein a sensor, for example, a UV sensor, is tied to a continuously variable load pump in a feedback control loop, with an option to divert the feed stream back to the load vessel or reservoir or onto a second chromatography column, the disclosed chromatography system allowing a true feedback control across variable load rates, thereby adjusting chromatographic operating parameters, for example, variable load rates, to process conditions, while maximizing throughput.

Abstract: A mechanical vessel may effectively and simultaneously displace a first undesired gas from within water with a second desired gas, and remove at least one alkaline species and oily matter from the water. The vessel raises the pH of the water and reduces the lime requirement for subsequent lime softening. The vessel receives the water containing the first gas and passes the water through a series of gasification chambers. Each gasification chamber may have a mechanism that ingests and mixes a second gas into the water thereby physically displacing at least a portion of the first gas into a vapor space at the top of each gasification chamber from which it is subsequently removed. There is an absence of communication between the vapor spaces of adjacent chambers. An acid is added to remove the alkaline species, where the first gas is an optional by-product that is also removed.

Abstract: A machine (1) for extracorporeal blood treatment comprises a device (2) for ultrafiltration of a liquid through a semi-permeable membrane (3) of a blood treatment device (4), a first sensor (11) for ultrafiltration rate through the membrane, a second group of sensors (13) for measuring a trans-membrane pressure, an infusion line (16) with an infusion pump (17) and a programmed controller (14) for calculating a maximum infusion rate as a function of the transmembrane pressure. The machine is suitable for kidney failure treatments, such as hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration. In a relatively short time the machine enables a large quantity of corporeal blood to be removed from the patient.

Abstract: A water reservoir includes a water storage unit having an external water pipe connected to an external water source and one or a number of internal water pipes suspending therein, airstones wrapped about each internal water pipe corresponding to jet holes of each internal water pipe, and an ozone generator installed in between the external water pipe and the internal water pipes for generating ozone into water passing through the external water pipe and the internal water pipes into the inside of the water storage unit.

Abstract: A reservoir for use with a blood collection system includes a housing, a pre-filter, and a spring mechanism. The housing defines a cavity and has an inlet for receiving fluid from a source. The pre-filter is located within the cavity, removes particulates contained within the fluid, and allows the fluid to pass through the pre-filter. The spring mechanism is connected to the pre-filter and allows the pre-filter to travel within the cavity as the pre-filter collects particulates.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a sprayer for distributing at least one fluid in a vessel. The sprayer can include a first member having a first surface and a second surface forming at least one aperture there-through. Generally, the at least one aperture is skewed with respect to a substantially vertical axis passing through a center of the first member for distributing the at least one fluid in the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention provides variable pore size filters. The variable pore size filters of the present invention comprise a fabric matrix, having a set pore size, wherein the fabric matrix is coated with a gel that expands and shrinks in response to a trigger. When the gel is expanded, the pore size of the filter is small and filtering is accomplished. When the gel is shrunken, the pore size of the filter is large and cleaning of the filter by a backwash or forward flush of fluid is accomplished.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water purifier having a non-drinkable water inlet (I) and a drinkable water outlet (O1), and comprising at least a boiler (8) having a water inlet and a steam outlet, a fluids separating filter (5) operating by flow and float, having an inlet and an outlet, and a heat exchanger (4) adapted to exchange heat between a first and a second separated fluid flows, having an inlet and an outlet for a first water flow to be heated as well as an inlet and an outlet for a second water flow to be cooled; the non-drinkable water inlet (I) is coupled to the first flow inlet of the heat exchanger (4), the first flow outlet of the heat exchanger (4) is coupled to the inlet of the fluids separating filter (5), the outlet of the fluids separating filter (5) is coupled to the inlet of the boiler (8), the outlet of the boiler (8) is coupled to the second flow inlet of the heat exchanger (4), the second flow outlet of the heat exchanger (4) is coupled to the drinkable water outlet (O1).

Abstract: A flocculation-magnetic separation is provided which reduces the usage amount of flocculation agents as well as the usage amount of magnetic powders and realizes an improvement in the quality of treated water.

Abstract: A regeneration tank for water softeners which includes a flow rate control unit to control the pressure in the regeneration tank, and a coupling member to protect a connection part between the regeneration tank and a water softener. The regeneration tank includes a hollow casing, which has an open inlet part, through which regenerative substances are supplied into the casing. The hollow casing further has a mounting part, which is coupled to the water softener, and a storage part, which is provided between the open inlet part and the mounting part to contain the regenerative substance therein.

Abstract: A dialysis machine includes a dialysis instrument having a pump actuator and first and second valve actuators, and a disposable cassette operable with the dialysis instrument, the disposable cassette including a pump portion operable with the pump actuator, first and second valve chambers operable with the first and second valve actuators, the first and second valve chambers communicating fluidly with each other, at least the first valve chamber communicating fluidly with a compliance chamber, the compliance chamber negating a first backpressure due to a pneumatic closing pressure used to close the first valve chamber to help to ensure the pneumatic pressure applied to the first valve chamber will close the first valve chamber against a second backpressure from an existing closure of the second valve chamber.

Abstract: A straining device for a drainage pump, the straining device comprising a body defining an inner chamber; at least one straining element by which liquid may enter the chamber; and at least one outlet by which liquid may leave the chamber. The straining device further includes a liquid level sensor arranged to detect the level of a liquid in which said straining device is located during use and, upon determining that said liquid level exceeds a threshold, to cause an activation signal to be sent to said pump. The liquid level sensor comprises non-contact sensing means such as an electric field sensor. The sensor is located at the top of the straining device and arranged to project its sensing field upwardly.

Abstract: A wastewater reuse system has a wastewater treatment system connected to a dwelling for receiving wastewater therefrom. The wastewater treatment system has a pump tank with an outlet that can be connected to a central wastewater collection system. There can be a pump in the pump tank for pumping water from the pump tank to a use recipient of treated wastewater such as an irrigation system.

Abstract: A hemofiltration system and method for pumping blood from a patient's blood stream into an access line, introducing an anticoagulant solution into the pumped blood, filtering the pumped blood and delivering it to a return line, introducing a substitution fluid into the pumped blood, introducing a calcium and magnesium solution into the blood traveling through the return line, and returning the blood back to the patient's blood stream.

Abstract: An improved water sensor and method for retaining a water sensor to a filter housing are described herein. A snap-fit connection is utilized to secure the water sensor to the filter housing. In one embodiment, the snap-fit connection is achieved using non-metallic components.

Abstract: A device, system and method for exchanging components between first and second fluids by direct contact in a microfluidic channel. The fluids flow as thin layers in the channel. One of the fluids is passed through a filter upon exiting the channel and is recycled through a secondary processor which changes the fluid's properties. The recycled fluid is reused for further exchange. The filter excludes blood cells from the recycled fluid and prevents or limits clogging of the filter. The secondary processor removes metabolic waste and water by diafiltration.

Abstract: The system and method is directed to improved separation or clarification of solids from a solids-laden liquid and removal of entrained gasses. A liquid to be treated is introduced into the inlet of a solid-liquid separator modified to include one or more sources of vibrational energy. The liquid is directed through a conduit within the separator. This conduit can be configured into a tortuous flow path to assist in the separation of solids from the liquid. Vibrational energy is applied to the flow path, preferably through the flow path conduit. As solids fall out of solution, they are collected. The clarified liquid is also collected. A vacuum can be applied to the system to assist in moving the solid-liquid mixture through the system and to provide vacuum clarification. Electrocoagulation electrodes and gas sparging can also be employed along with height adjustable weirs and an oil accumulator.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus according to the present invention includes: a pretreatment device having a pretreatment membrane that filters a turbid content contained in raw water; a reverse osmosis membrane device having a reverse osmosis membrane that reduces a salt content contained in filtrate water supplied from the pretreatment device to produce permeated water; a first control valve that is provided between a high-pressure pump mounted on a filtrate water line through which the filtrate water is supplied from the pretreatment device to the reverse osmosis membrane device and the reverse osmosis membrane device, and temporarily decreases a supply pressure of the filtrate water; and the control device that operates the first control valve to perform suck-back control by which a pressure at the entrance of the reverse osmosis membrane device is decreased in a pulse-like manner during operation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to devices, systems and methods for removing undesirable materials from a sample fluid by contact with a second fluid. The sample fluid flows as a thin layer adjacent to, or between, concurrently flowing layers of the second fluid, without an intervening membrane. In various embodiments, a secondary separator is used to restrict the removal of desirable substances and effect the removal of undesirable substances from blood. The invention is useful in a variety of situations where a sample fluid is to be purified via a diffusion mechanism against an extractor fluid. Moreover, the invention may be used for the removal of components from a sample fluid that vary in size. When blood is the sample fluid, for example, this may include the removal of ‘small’ molecules, ‘middle’ molecules, macromolecules, macromolecular aggregates, and cells, from the blood sample to the extractor fluid.

Abstract: An exemplary apparatus (100), for removing buoyant pollutants from a polluted coolant, includes a collecting device (10) and a removing device (20). The collecting device includes a pollutant collecting structure (11) and a bi-directional pump (12). The pollutant collecting structure includes a hollow tub (112) and a collecting module (113) slidable relative to the hollow tub. The bi-directional pump communicates with the hollow tub and the removing device. The removing device includes a filter (21) and a pollutant removing structure (22) disposed on the filter. The filter includes a filtrating unit (211). The filtrating unit is partitioned into a first cavity (2132) and a second cavity (2133) by a partition sheet (213). The partitioning board defines a communicating gap (2131) for the first cavity and the second cavity to communicate with each other. The pollutant removing structure includes a removing member (221) for removing the buoyant pollutants out of the filter.

Abstract: A method for purifying fluids and a sedimentation tank, the sedimentation tank includes: a perforated plate spaced from an upper and of the sedimentation tank dividing the sedimentation tank into an upper chamber and a lower chamber; an inlet adapted to inlet fluid into the tank; a first outlet, positioned above the perforated plate for outletting a clarified fraction of the fluid; a second outlet positioned at a bottom of the tank, for outletting a concentrated sludge fraction of the fluid; a pump; and a washing mechanism, positioned at least partially above the perforated plate; wherein the pump is adapted to provide a washing fluid to the washing mechanism when a level of fluid in the sedimentation tank is below a predefined level; and wherein the washing mechanism washes an upper surface of the perforated plate by the washing fluid.

Abstract: A water purifying apparatus comprises: a filtering unit; a water tank unit for storing water having passed through the filtering unit; an extraction unit for selectively extracting the water stored in the water tank unit; and a cleaning system for sequentially controlling a cleaning process and a rinsing process of the water tank unit. Since cleaning and rinsing processes for the water purifying apparatus are automatically executed by a series of consecutive processes, the user may directly clean the water purifying apparatus if necessary without requiring a Codi's visit. Furthermore, the number of times that the Codi visits the use's home for cleaning of the water purifying apparatus is reduced. This may allow the Codi to have an enhanced working efficiency, and to pay less effort to a cleaning process for the water purifying apparatus.

Abstract: A plasma purifying device is provided that is capable of recovering blood and plasma remaining within the plasma purifying device easily and without risk of coagulation, following completion of plasma purification therapy. The plasma purifying device has a control unit controls flow rates of the air pump and a plasma pump so that a pressure of the filtration side space of the plasma separator is higher than a pressure of the blood side space while delivering blood to the blood side space of the plasma separator by continuing to operate a blood pump without stopping following completion of plasma purification and then delivers plasma remaining in a filtration side space of a plasma separator to a blood side space of the plasma separator or to a plasma circuit by supplying air from an air pump.

Abstract: A system or method automates and optimizes citrate anticoagulant supplementation in a blood filtration circuit during CRRT. A processor-based control system interfaces with a blood filtration circuit to detect patient blood flow into the circuit, detect fluid loss through a hemofilter, and sense vital electrolyte concentrations in the blood flow, and in response, control the addition of citrate, substitution fluid, and electrolyte supplements to ensure stability of plasma concentrations in post-dilution flow returned to the patient. The controller executes the method embodied as process control algorithms for calculating an optimal citrate flow rate as a function of selected, detected, and calculated system parameters. Citrate may be added to the circuit separately, or as part of a substitution solution or a dialysate.

Abstract: A screening installation includes, provided in a flume (5) conveying a fluid flowing with a total flow QE: a screening device (10) including a screen which includes at least one filter member in order to screen a fraction Q10 of the total flow, at least one first passage (31) in the flume which is adapted to allow a fraction Q31 of the total flow to pass such that QE=Q10+Q31, so long as the head loss between the upstream side and the downstream side of the screening device is less than a predetermined value, and at least one second passage (32) in the flume which is adapted to allow a fraction Q32 of the total flow to pass such that QE=Q10+Q31+Q32 when the head loss is greater than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A liquid separator including a vessel 172, an inlet 174, a first outlet 176, a second outlet 178, a regulating mechanism 180, and a removal mechanism 182, 184, 199. Within the vessel liquid separates into a lower density fraction floating atop a denser fraction. The inlet receives the liquid into the vessel. The first outlet conveys the denser fraction from the vessel. The second outlet is positioned above the first outlet to convey the floating lower density fraction from the vessel. The regulating mechanism 180 regulates the pressure at the first outlet. The removal mechanism 182, 184, 199 includes one or more sensors 184, to sense the floating lower density fraction at a first predetermined level above the first outlet, and is responsive to the sensor(s) to remove the floating lower density fraction from the vessel.

Abstract: A solid separator that uses a rotating screen, having spiral guides at its outer portion, over which a plurality of spiral-shaped scrapers are suspended. An inlet distributor including a plurality of apertures distributes a contaminated liquid flow over the screen, when rotated, permits the scrapers and guides to drive the deposited debris towards an outer edge of the screen and up a slight conical ramp and into a debris discharge sump. A level sensor may be included above the screen to activate the screen rotation based on the level of the contaminated liquid flow above the screen. An alternative embodiment uses individual scraper supports having respective jack mechanisms that permit the operator to independently lift and even rotate each scraper for additional cleaning or service. The alternative embodiment uses an assembly of two screens having an outer portion that also includes a slight conical ramp having spiral guides thereon.

Abstract: A drum for a clothes dryer in which an internal structure, especially, a baffle structure, of the drum is improved to prevent target items from being entangled and damaged during a drying operation to thereby improve the drying efficiency of the clothes dryer. Rotatable balls are inserted in the baffles mounted on an internal surface of the drum, the mounting arrangement of the baffles is changed, or the baffles are modified to thus improve the drying operation. In addition, an absorbent is filled in the baffles to thus increase the drying efficiency.

Abstract: Septic systems incorporating an ozonation system comprise one or more corona discharge ozone generators receiving air, such as atmospheric air, and having an outlet for the withdrawal of a mixture of air and ozone gas. The system also comprises a septic tank for receiving primary wastewater, and a pump tank receiving secondary wastewater effluent from the septic tank. The ozonation system includes a submersible ozone introduction pump disposed in the bottom of the pump tank, wherein the ozone introduction pump includes an impeller within a housing, the housing having an inlet and a plurality of radial outlet ports along its circumferential area surrounding the impeller. A conduit couples the outlet of the corona discharge ozone generator to the inlet of the impeller housing, wherein the ozone introduction pump reduces pressure in the conduit to draw air into the ozone generator and draws the mixture of air and ozone gas into the impeller housing for introduction into the secondary wastewater.

Abstract: A centrifuge includes a rotational mechanism, a housing, a rotating feed pipe and a basket. The housing includes at least one side and defines an interior volume. The basket is positioned in the interior volume of the housing and is operatively coupled to the rotational mechanism such that rotation of the rotational mechanism is imparted to the basket. The rotating feed pipe extends into the basket through a pipe support positioned over the basket. The rotating feed pipe includes a nozzle operable to direct a flow of liquids, solids or combinations thereof onto a sidewall of the basket. The rotating feed pipe is operable to rotate from a first position towards a second position thereby increasing the distance between the nozzle and the sidewall and varying an angular orientation of the nozzle with respect to a normal to the sidewall.

Abstract: A fluid strainer device is disclosed. The device includes a housing which defines an open chamber, the chamber having both at least one fluid input port and at least one fluid outlet port. A plurality of spaced strainer baskets are disposed within the chamber. Each basket has a pair of spaced perforated side panels, a perforated rear panel, a perforated top panel and an open front portion in fluid communication with the chamber fluid input port. Finally, each strainer basket is aligned within the chamber for fluid flow from the chamber input port into the basket's open front portion and out through the perforations thereof to filter debris from the fluid while preventing substantial fluid pressure drop between the input and outlet ports substantially independent of debris buildup within the basket.

Abstract: A system for controlling at least one prescribed fluid level in a biological reactor for treating wastewater or portion thereof, the system comprising at least one effluent assembly having an effluent screen; at least one sensor configured for monitoring a fluid level; at least one sparge apparatus configured for providing matter in a prescribed manner to the at least one effluent assembly; at least one matter source configured for providing matter; at least one control point configured for regulating said matter movement; and at least one controller. A kit comprising at least a controller and a sensor. A regulatory system configured for regulating the system.

Abstract: A ballast water treatment system for treating ballast water for a vessel has a pathway for navigable raw water to the tank and a discharge for discharging water back to the body of navigable raw water. A back washable filter in the pathway receives the raw water and screens sediment from the raw water to produce initially processed water which contains at least some marine organisms. A UV or other biocidal device is connected between the filter and the ballast tank, for disabling or killing the marine organisms in the initially processed water to produce treated ballast water for the main outlet to the ballast tank.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods and systems for manipulation of media and particles, whether inert materials or biomaterials, such as cells in suspension cell culture. The methods and systems comprise use of an apparatus comprising a rotating chamber wherein the actions of the combined forces of gravity, fluid flow force and centrifugal force form a fluidized bed within the rotating chamber.

Abstract: A blood treatment apparatus, including a blood treatment unit configured to receive untreated blood and fresh blood treatment fluid, and emit treated blood and used blood treatment fluid, a pair of fluid pumps configured to pass blood treatment fluid through the blood treatment unit, a pair of blood pumps configured to extract untreated blood from a blood source, pass extracted blood through the blood treatment unit and deliver treated blood to a target vessel, each blood pump including a pump chamber and a flexible member separating the pumping chamber into a first blood accumulating container and a second working fluid accumulating container where the flexible member is configured to vary a volume relationship between the first and the second accumulation containers.

Abstract: A device for filtering a liquid processing medium used in cutting has an intake and first filter cells with inlet, filter element, and outlet. The filter elements can be back-flushed. A disposal container as well as a suction conveying device are provided. For filtering, the intake is connected by first valves with first filter cell inlets and first filter cell outlets are connected to a discharge. For back-flushing, inlets of the first filter cells are connected through the first or a further valve to the disposal container. A second filter cell with filter element for contaminated processing medium of the disposal container is disposed above or inside the disposal container. The second filter cell, for filtering, is connected by the suction conveying device to the discharge. A cleaning device for the second filter cell is provided so that waste products removed during cleaning pass directly into the disposal container.

Abstract: The present discloses a method and a device for biogenic waste, or bio-waste treatment, and said method is as follows: Firstly, the biogenic waste is evenly mixed with water vapor, or steam, heating and pressurizing so that the temperature reaches 130-190° C. and the pressure reaches 1.5-1.9 MPa after mixture, and this state is maintained for 1-25 minutes; Then, the pressure of the mixture of said biogenic waste and water vapor is reduced to normal pressure, such as atmospheric pressure so as to conduct low-molecularization, such as decreasing or reduction of molecular weight of the biogenic waste to obtain a low-molecularized mixture, such as a low molecular weight mixture; finally, the low-molecularized mixture, such as low-molecular weight mixture is separated so as to obtain the final products. Said device includes reaction vessel, stirring device, vapor input device, pressure-reducing regulator and separation device.

Abstract: An apparatus (2) for treating a cooling and rinsing fluid stemming from a soiled drilling fluid (15), including a first container (20) that collects the soiled drilling fluid (15), a second container (21) that is connected to a discharge line (38) for the treated cooling and rinsing fluid (36), a pressure switch (41) that is arranged in the discharge line (38) for purposes of measuring the pressure, and a control unit (40) for switching the treatment apparatus (2) over between a first mode of operation and at least one other mode of operation, whereby the treatment apparatus (2) can be switched over between the first and the at least one other mode of operation as a function of the pressure measured in the discharge line (38).

Abstract: A device and method for processing a cooling and rinsing liquid from a dirty liquid is disclosed. The device includes a first container, which is connected to a feed line for the dirty liquid, a second container, which is connected to a discharge line for the process cooling and rinsing liquid, and a filter element which is arranged in the second container. A connecting line connects the first and second containers and a bypass line connects the discharge line to the connecting line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for thickening liquids carrying suspended particles, such as a slurry containing minerals. The thickening apparatus comprises a tank (2), a feedwell (4), which includes a chamber having an inlet for receiving feed slurry (9) and an outlet in fluid communication with the tank and means for distributing the material in the tank, at least one conduit (5) for feed slurry to deliver a feed slurry (9) into the feedwell, means for diluting the feed slurry, when at least one separate dilute liquid conduit (16, 19) is directed tangentially with respect to the feedwell (4) and at least one inflow aperture (15) is arranged tangentially with respect to the feedwell for recirculating the dilute liquid from the tank inside the feedwell in order to dilute the feed slurry.

Abstract: A dissolved air flotation system and method for purifying fresh water. The system is self-contained within a standard shipping container, with all components disposed in-line within the shipping container. Float is removed from the flotation tank with a skimmer that drives float downstream onto a conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt conveys float away from the flotation tank, in the downstream direction, and deposits the float in a collection tank. Clean water may be drawn from the flotation tank continuously, while float may be removed periodically.

Abstract: A liquid surface level control method for an ion-exchange resin tower according to the present invention comprises steps of determining an operation signal (S18, S28, S38) of a discharge device of liquid (6) to be discharged from the ion-exchange resin tower (2a, 2b, 2c), based on a liquid surface level PID operation signal obtained by calculating a liquid surface level signal (S12) in a PID way and a supply flow rate signal (S10, S18, S28) supplied to the ion-exchange resin tower (2a, 2b, 2c), and moving the liquid surface level (6a) close to the target liquid surface level. Preferably, the interface level (4a) is detected by means of an interface level sensor (52), and the target liquid surface level is increased or decreased according to the increase/decrease of the interface level (4a). The interface level sensor (52) includes a plurality of light emitting parts and a plurality of light receiving parts which are opposite to each other in a one-to-one relation.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a liquid containing impurities may comprise: a filtering chamber for receiving liquid containing impurities, the filtering chamber containing granular media and configured to permit the granular media to interact with the liquid containing impurities, thereby removing impurities from the liquid to produce filtrate; a filtrate section in communication with the filtering chamber for receiving the filtrate, the filtrate section being in communication with a first outlet for outflow of the filtrate; a gas supplying system for delivering gas to the granular media in the filtering chamber for transport of a portion of the granular media to a granular media washer; and a reject section in communication with the granular media washer for receiving a reject mixture comprising liquid and impurities from the granular media washer. The reject section may be in communication with a second outlet for outflow of a portion of the reject mixture.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus having a vessel defining a chamber adapted to contain a water treatment chemical over which a dosing liquid can flow from an inlet to form a dosing reservoir at the bottom of the vessel. A supply of dosing liquid is connected to the inlet. The interior of the vessel communicates with a conduit along which an entraining pressurized flow of water can be fed for treatment and via an opening in the conduit that is connected to a bottom outlet of the vessel. A venturi is located in the conduit adjacent the opening so that the velocity of the pressurized water is increased as it passes over the opening and entrains a dosing stream from the dosing reservoir into the pressurized flow. The venturi also applies suction to the interior of the vessel, which draws dosing liquid into the vessel from the supply.