Abstract: In a sake/milk heating process, the field of view of an infrared sensor is moved by a predetermined pattern in a heating chamber as an initial search. When the field of view is fixed after the initial search, if the temperature variation of an object within the field of view after a predetermined time has passed is equal to or lower than a specified value, various determinations are made, and the field of view of the infrared sensor is again moved in the heating chamber as a re-search. Thus, even if the field of view is fixed at a position where no food item is placed for some reason in the initial search, the field of view will not be fixed in the incorrect position and can be moved again.

Abstract: A substantially constant load impedance electrical heater has been provided. The heater is comprised of two sections, a first heater and a second heater. The first heater is continuously “on” to provide the bulk of the heat. A second heater is selectively engaged to provide slightly more heat to the medium, heating the medium to the desired temperature. The output temperature of the heated medium is maintained by controlling the duty cycle of the second heater. More drastic changes in temperature are accomplished by changing the power continuously dissipated by the first heater. The greatest heating control is obtained by defining the first and second heaters as subsets from a bank of selectable heater elements. A method of minimizing fluctuations in the loading of a high-wattage electrical device is also provided.

Abstract: A self-cleaning system for a convection cooking appliance controls the activation and deactivation of multiple heating units, as well as a blower, throughout an initial preheat and subsequent phases of a cleaning operation. In accordance with the preferred self-cleaning method, an initial, catalyst pre-heat stage is followed by a moderately high-temperature presoak stage. For the main cleaning operation, a high temperature stage is initiated in combination with a high convection air flow to establish high oven surface temperatures in a minimal time frame. This timed stage is followed by a cool down period wherein both the temperature and convection speed is reduced. Thereafter, an intermediate temperature heating stage with medium convective air flow followed by a cooling stage are provided for preset time periods. This combination of intermediate temperature heating and subsequent cooling stages is repeated until the total self-cleaning time is completed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for signal control of a switch which outputs a first signal in response to a turning operation thereof and outputs a second signal in response to a depressing operation thereof. If one of the first and second signals is outputted in response to a corresponding one of the switch turning operation and the switch depressing operation and the other signal is thereafter outputted in response to the other operation within a predetermined period, the control device nullifies the other signal. With this arrangement, a heating cooker provided with the switch is prevented from performing an under-heat or over-heat cooking operation on the basis of a misoperation of the switch. Further, the need for resetting a cooking period is obviated which may otherwise arise from the misoperation of the switch.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for operating a self-cleaning oven in which a gas sensor, such as for measuring concentrations of CO gas, is located remote from, yet in gas communication with, an exhaust flue of the oven. The gas sensor is located at the end of an outlet tube which extends from the exhaust flue. A sample gas flow is provided to the gas sensor through the outlet tube to isolate the sensor from the heat of the oven and a filter device is located in the outlet tube for filtering the sample gas flow. A valve may be provided at the inlet to the outlet tube. The rate of change (slope) of successive readings of gas concentrations may be used to determine when the combustion of food material is complete, in order to terminate a self-cleaning cycle.

Abstract: An electric baking oven includes an open mesh vertically oriented baking basket to hold food while the food is baked in air by a programmed combination of radiant and convective and conductive energy transfer. An electrical programming control controls the energy from vertically oriented toaster heating elements located juxtaposed to the large vertical faces of the basket and from at least one elongated heating member located below the vertical baking basket with the axis of the elongated heating member oriented nominally horizontal and parallel to the longer horizontal axis of the vertically oriented baking basket.

Abstract: An IC chip testing apparatus comprising a chamber 6 having inside it a test stage 8 for testing an IC chip 22, cooling units 60, 62 able to cool the inside of the chamber 6 to a temperature less than ordinary temperature, heating units 60, 62 able to heat the inside of the chamber 6 to return it to ordinary temperature, temperature sensors 72, 74 for detecting the temperature inside the chamber 6, and a temperature controller 70 for controlling the outputs of the cooling units and/or heating units 60, 62 in accordance with the outputs from the temperature sensors. The apparatus not only makes the temperature control stop but also automatically performs ordinary temperature reset processing when an alarm signal of a temperature abnormality inside the chamber is detected. Further, the apparatus automatically performs ordinary temperature reset processing when the time of continuous operation of the device testing apparatus is more than a predetermined time.

Abstract: An electric appliance control comprising an electromagnet; an electrical switch assembly; a ferromagnetic section movable with a contact of the switch assembly towards the electromagnet; and a user actuated member adapted to move the ferromagnetic section and the contact towards the electromagnet. When the electromagnet is energized and the ferromagnetic section and contact are moved by the user actuated member to an actuated position, the electromagnet can retain the contact at the actuated position by magnetically holding the ferromagnetic section at the actuated position.

Abstract: A rotary nozzle device has

Abstract: A nonlinear model-based predictive temperature control system is described for use in thermal process reactors. A multivariable temperature response is predicted using a nonlinear parameterized model of a thermal process reactor. The nonlinear parameterized model is implemented using a neural network. Predictions are made in an auto-regressive moving average fashion with a receding prediction horizon. Model predictions are incorporated into a control law for estimating the optimum future control strategy. The high-speed, predictive nature of the controller renders it advantageous in multivariable rapid thermal processing reactors where fast response and high temperature uniformity are needed.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of an oven during preheating wherein the oven includes an oven cavity having an interior with at least one heating element for raising the temperature within the oven cavity and a temperature sensor provided for sensing the temperature within the oven cavity. The method of the present invention includes the steps of sensing the temperature within the oven cavity a plurality of times during the preheating period of the oven cycle, calculating the temperature rise within the oven cavity during the preheating period, and cycling the at least one heating element on and off during the preheating period such that the temperature rise within the oven cavity during the preheating period is controlled to match a predetermined temperature rise slope.

Abstract: A control system for a glass touch cooktop includes a control panel including a plurality of touch control areas with touch toggle controls that correspond to a plurality of surface heater elements, and a toggle lock control that disables the touch controls areas when activated. The toggle lock control is separated from the touch control, identified with a conspicuous icon, and includes an integral indicator to readily alert a user that the system is locked. Graphical icons and integral indicators are incorporated into touch controls for user-friendly operation of the heating elements.

Abstract: An appliance is provided with a feedback system which audibly signals both the activation of user input controls and when the appliance reaches a certain operational stage. The system functions to adjust both of the feedback signals upon a single setting change made by a user, preferably at varying volume rates. In the preferred embodiment, the volume level for the operational stage signal is adjusted multiple times the volume level for the user input control signal as the setting is switched between any of low, medium and high settings.

Abstract: An appliance includes a plurality of electric power consuming devices having associated activated power consumption levels which collectively can exceed an available power supply limit to the appliance. The appliance includes a control system for power distributing to the various devices in a manner which optimizes performance while preventing the current draw from exceeding the established limit. In the most preferred embodiment, the appliance constitutes a range having various heating components, preferably first and second ovens, as well as a plurality of surface heating elements. A current monitoring arrangement signals demanded current levels from certain ones of the heating components, with the signals being used by the control system to distribute the available current on a predetermined priority basis.

Abstract: Apparatus is described for controlling an electric heater incorporating at least one electric heating element (2A, 2B, 2C) and energized from a single voltage alternating current supply (8). The apparatus includes a control knob (15) for manually selecting any one of a predetermined number of power settings for the heater from the voltage supply (8), the power settings varying progressively between a minimum power setting and a maximum power setting. The apparatus further includes a controller (10) adapted and arranged to supply to the electric heater within a predetermined constant time interval in each power setting a first dissipated power level and a second dissipated power level. The first dissipated power level comprises a first selected proportion of half cycles in a predetermined number of half cycles of the voltage supply and the second dissipated power level comprises a second selected proportion of half cycles in a predetermined number of half cycles of the voltage supply.

Abstract: A temperature control system for electric range surface heating elements including an infinite switch electrically coupled to a surface heating element and a second switch, which selectively couples 120 VAC or 240 VAC power across the infinite switch and heating element. Alternatively, the second switch selectively couples either the infinite switch or an electronic controller to a surface heating element, wherein the electronic controller has timing circuits for cycling power supplied to the surface heating element according to a preset timing scheme within the timing circuits.

Abstract: A lightwave oven cooking method and apparatus uses pulsed power applied to a plurality of high-power lamps which provides radiant energy in the electromagnetic spectrum and having wavelengths including the visible and near-visible ranges. Irradiation is applied to the food by applying power to the lamps for a specified period of time without vaporizing all of the surface water on the food, and then applying reduced irradiation to the food to complete the cooking cycle without producing an overly browned surface which inhibits deep penetration of radiation in the near-visible and visible ranges. The reduced power can be at a reduced duty cycle which can be done in a sequence of one or more reducing steps in the duty cycle or a continuous reduction of the duty cycle of the power applied to the lamps. A change in color, in water vapor concentration emitted from the surface, in the food temperatures and/or in the generation of steam to a predetermined degree can be sensed to reduce power.

Abstract: A cooking oven comprises convection and microwave heat sources (not shown), controls 1 and 3,4 for presetting the temperature and cook time of the oven for a food item to he cooked therein, a further control 5 for selecting a reduced time cooking routine for the oven, and a microprocessor (not shown) responsive to the operation of the further control 5 for controlling the convection heat source and/or the microwave heat source in accordance with a reduced time cooking routine which is determined by the preset temperature and cook time (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An lightwave oven and method of cooking therewith for cooking food with radiant energy in the visible, near-visible and infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum from a first plurality of high power lamps positioned above the food and a second plurality of high power lamps positioned below the food. The first plurality of lamps are sequentially operated at a first average power level by applying power thereto in a staggered manner so that not all of the first plurality of lamps are on at the same time, and the second plurality of lamps are sequentially operated at a second average power level by applying power thereto in a staggered manner so that not all of the second plurality of lamps are on at the same time. The stagger can be varied to change the time average power level of the first and/or second pluralities of lamps without adversely affecting the spectral outputs thereof. The first and second pluralities of lamps can be operated in one of several different modes.

Abstract: A heating panel has a substrate with a resistive heating material disposed thereon. The substrate can be metal with an insulating layer disposed between the substrate and the heating layer. Alternatively, the substrate can be glass ceramic. The heating layer has electrodes on opposite edges connected to different phases of a multiphase power source. Another electrode on the heating layer can be connected to a neutral of the power source. Capacitive currents caused in the substrate or a metal object on the substrate by the different phases cancel each other. Thus, leakage current through a conductor connected between the substrate and ground is minimized. The heating panel can be adapted for two phase or three phase systems. Power to the panels is controlled by solid state switches or relays. Zero crossing drivers sense supply voltages and operate the switches to balance currents in the panels.

Abstract: An electric range override timer unit including an electrically controllable power interrupt circuit positioned between a conventional male power plug adapted for connection with an existing electrical wall socket and a socket assembly adapted for receiving the male plug from an existing electric range; a timer unit in electrical connection with the power interrupt circuit, the timer unit having a timing mechanism having a predetermined maximum time period for sending a control signal to the power interrupt circuit for causing the power interrupt circuit to conduct electrical current between the conventional male power plug and the socket assembly; and a mounting bracket having a first portion secured to the timer unit and a second portion adapted for multiple connecting modes to an existing electric range.

Abstract: An electronic selector knob circuit (10) which uses a tapped potentiometer (POT1) to provide accurate operation without requiring factory calibration. The potentiometer (POT1) is calibrated through on-board circuitry which includes a tap voltage biasing device and which monitors operation on a continual basis through both a current monitor (16) and a voltage monitor (18). A redundant disable circuit (14) provides a redundant hardware means for shutting off all oven heating elements.

Abstract: An appliance capable of being operated in compliance with the Orthodox Jew requirement that no work shall be done on the Sabbath. The applicance has a control system that monitors and controls all of the components of the applicance. The control system can be activated so that it prevents all visual displays and audible alarms from being actuated by the user during the Sabbath. The control system also prevents any actions of the user from causing the machine to do work.

Abstract: The heatsensitive stencil sheet perforating device of this invention includes a pedestal for an original mounted thereon; a pressing body attached pivotaly on one end of the pedestal for supporting a heatsensitive stencil sheet on an area corresponding to the original mounted on the pedestal; a light irradiation device attached detachably to the pressing body in a defined state, including a light source for irradiating the heatsensitive stencil sheet; a power supply device installed inside of the pressing body, for supplying electric energy to emit light from the light source; a first contact member attached to the light irradiation device, connected to the light source; a second contact member attached to the pressing member, connected to the power source of the power supply device, so as to come into contact with the first contact member when the light irradiation device is engaged in the pressing body in a defined state; and a support member attached to the pressing body, for supporting the light irradiati

Abstract: A method for converting standard conventional oven cook times and temperatures to convection oven cook times and temperatures to operate a thermal convection oven is provided. The method has the steps of providing a thermal convection oven having an oven cavity, a heating element, a control panel for inputting cooking parameters, a converter for converting a standard conventional oven cook time and temperature to a convection oven cook time and temperature, the converter being connected to the input control panel, and having controls connected to the converter and also connected to the heating element for operating the thermal convection oven.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes a self-contained control module consisting of the electronics necessary to the control the various operations of the cooking appliance in which the module is installed, preferably including the high voltage control electronics. The control module is easily accessible and removable from the front panel without the risk of exposure to high voltage due to the presence of a safety interlock that automatically cuts the high voltage to the control module and, if desired, to other subassemblies the instant the control module is removed. In addition, the control module is housed within an electrically conductive liner to control EMI emissions. Once the control module is removed, the interior of the appliance is sufficiently sealed off by a perforated cage to prevent further access to power lines or any high voltage circuits interior to the appliance which may have not been wired through the safety interlock.

Abstract: A cooking device for cooking food comprising a cavity, a heating element disposed in the cavity, a temperature sensor for determining the temperature in the cooking device and a fan operable in at least three modes, an OFF mode, a HI mode and a LO mode to move air in the cooking device. A fan control device is provided to operate the fan in LO mode by pulsing the fan on for a first predetermined mount of time every second predetermined amount of time to ensure continuous movement of the fan.

Abstract: An oven for cooking a food item with radiant energy typically having a significant portion of radiant energy in the visible light range of the electromagnetic spectrum is disclosed. The desired cooking time for the given food item is set in or already stored in the oven controller, and radiation is initiated for cooking the food item for that desired cooking time. At a given time before the end of the desired cooking time, a signal is triggered indicating that a determination must be made as to whether the food item is cooked to the desired degree. Once the food item is cooked to the desired degree, the radiation is either stopped before the end of the desired cooking time, terminated at the end of desired cooking time or maintained beyond the desired cooking time.

Abstract: A stove having a plurality of burners (1) which is under the control of a computer that has one or more cooking control programs to control the activation, time of operation and heat output of a selected burner. The user of the stove, a utensil and the stove have components of a transmitter/receiver system that permits burner actuation through the computer only when the user and utensil are authorized.The stove includes subsystems that supply information to the computer: a flame sensing system (C); a time regulating system "timer" (41); a weight checking system of the food to be cooked; a nearness sensing and identifying system of authorized users and utensils to operate the stove; a sound and/or visual alarm system; a voice synthesizer system associated with the other systems.

Abstract: A stove with pyrolytic self-cleaning includes an oven having an oven space, at least one wall region, a heating element disposed in the at least one wall region, a forced-air blower for venting the oven, a device for pyrolytic self-cleaning, and an optional forced-air heating device. A sensor system is disposed in the oven space for detecting operationally dictated oven soiling values and issuing input values. An evaluation circuit has an input connected to the sensor system for frequency-converting the input values, for digitizing the input values, for counting the input values, for storing the input values, and for concatenating the input values. The evaluation circuit has an output side signaling a degree of soiling and the evaluation circuit recommends and/or carries out an initiation of pyrolysis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for automatically preheating an oven, such as a food oven, based upon its immediate usage history. This preheat function operates by regulating the base heating elements until the temperature of the base plate is within a specified temperature range from the pre-programmed base set point temperature, and then turning quartz lamps on until the air temperature within the oven cavity reaches a certain fixed preheat "exit" temperature. This preheat exit temperature need not be a fixed value, but can be a function of the base set point temperature or the air temperature before or during the preheat operation. In addition, the preheat function can be performed at various times during the oven's operation, and not necessarily only upon power up of the oven.

Abstract: An oven latch mechanism for heat-cleaning ovens is disclosed. The latch mechanism employs a unidirectional rotating d.c. motor to automatically latch the oven door upon initiation of a heat-cleaning operation and to automatically unlatch the door after a heat-clean operation and after the oven has reached a predetermined lower temperature. The latch mechanism includes a latch arm which moves arcuately through a variety of positions. The latch member senses whether the door is open and follows a different path of motion accordingly. If the latch member senses an open door, it returns to an unlatched position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a food oven including a base heating element and quartz bulbs. The food oven is operated in a cooking cycle comprised of brown, cook, and finish intervals. The operator of the oven selects the duration of each interval and whether the quartz bulbs should be activated during each interval. The quartz bulbs are automatically activated during any interval in which they are set by the operator. The duration of the interval that the quartz bulbs are activated is adjusted depending on at least one of the oven air temperature, a load compensation factor, and a base temperature set point.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus for a baking oven includes a baking heating element for heating the baking oven, a grill heating element disposed in the baking oven, a first thermostatic baking oven regulator manually settable to different temperatures for the baking heating element, a second regulator manually settable to different heating stages for the grill heating element, and a single setting device for setting and operating the first and second regulators, the setting device having a first control range in which the first regulator is adjustably controlled and a second control range in which the second regulator is adjustably controlled.

Abstract: An electrical household appliance having structural members defining a baking room inside which electrical resistances opposed to each other and outside which a thermostat are placed, the thermostat including bimetallic sensors places across a fixed opening and adjustable openings, the baking room being closed by a door. The resistances along with diodes generate variable heat as a function of the operating time of the thermostat controlled by a reducing gearing device.

Abstract: An electric toaster oven for use both as a toaster and as an oven, including a heater or heaters for heating an article placed in a baking chamber, a baked condition detector which detects the baked condition of the article through the detection of the heat radiated from the article, a plate forming part of the wall of the baking chamber and having a heat guide opening for transferring the heat radiated from the article therethrough to the baked condition detector, a tubular guide for guiding the heat to the baked condition detector, and a control circuit which controls supplying current to the heater or heaters on the basis of a detection signal provided by the baked condition detector. The baked condition detector includes a pair of thermosensitive elements disposed in different thermal conditions, respectively, and provides a signal corresponding to the difference between the respective temperature-dependent output signals of the thermosensitive elements.

Abstract: An electric toaster oven construction wherein a unique rotatable cam, cam follower and control panel construction accurately sets the threshold temperature of a thermostat switch. The rotatable cam is loosely mounted in the control panel and the cam follower urges the cam against a projection on the control panel to thereby sense the thickness of the cam between the projection on the control panel and the cam follower. With this construction, the height of the cam is accurately sensed although the cam may be warped or out of perpendicular with its shaft.

Abstract: An oven control box cooling system is provided in a double-stack oven preparation oven arrangement having two vertically aligned food preparation ovens with respective cooking chambers and oven control circuitry. At least the oven control box of the uppermost food preparation oven is provided with a double wall assembly including a mounting wall having the oven control circuitry mounted thereon and an exterior wall spaced apart from and on the opposite side of the mounting wall from the oven control circuitry; the mounting wall and the exterior wall forming therebetween a ventilating compartment having an inlet and an outlet. A ventilating device provides a flow of air through the inlet and ventilating compartment and out the outlet to provide an insulating effect between the oven control circuitry of the uppermost oven and the heat radiating upwardly from the lowermost food preparation oven.

Abstract: A cooking appliance, particularly adapted to heat boilable pouch packaged foods, employing incandescent electric lamps as a radiant heat source. Cooking is controlled without a timer by sensing expansion of the plastic pouch containing the food. Venting is employed which permits the appliance to be extremely compact while permitting the use of decorative wooden end panels which will not overheat.

Abstract: A gravity switch for automatic control of an operative cycle in an appliance, such as a toasting cycle in a toaster oven or the like, includes an imbalanced weight member interposed between a displaceable member that moves in accordance to operation of the cycle and mechanical component parts operative between an OFF position and an ON position. During ON cycle operation, the imbalanced weight member is directly supported against the pull of gravity by the displaceable member. When the cycle operation reaches completion, the displaceable member is sufficiently moved so as to cause the release of the imbalanced weight member which is then free to move under the influence of gravity. This gravitional action initiates an interaction among the mechanical component parts resulting in quick return to the OFF position causing the cycle operation to rapidly terminate.

Abstract: An electric oven toaster construction wherein an interrupt mechanism is provided for interrupting operation of a toast timer controller when the oven toaster door is opened. An interrupt lever is positioned between a door operated rod and a heat-up/cool-down bi-metal timer controller so that when the door is opened the interrupt lever moves the toasting period controller to its off position. Thus, when the door is opened during a toasting cycle operation, the toasting period controller is returned to its off position so that a user is required to reset a new full-toast cycle when the door is reclosed. This arrangement prevents undertoasted bread that could result if fresh bread is inserted in the middle of a toasting cycle.

Abstract: An optical fiber drawing furnace includes a graphite element of generally cylindrical shape with a reduced central cross-sectional configuration having a flange at opposite ends thereof and having an axial hole therethrough including a central internal element chamber for receiving a glass preform, means for water cooling the flanges, and means for applying electric power across the flanges to resistively heat the reduced cross-sectional configuration and, hence, the central internal element chamber so that an optical fiber can be drawn from the preform. The invention relates to prolonging the useful life of the graphite element by suitable methods and apparatus. The water used for cooling the flanges can be regulated to a temperature such as to avoid condensation of atmospheric moisture within the room (in which the furnace is located) upon the furnace. The application of electric power across the flanges can be increased and decreased at a gradual rate so as to avoid thermal shock to the graphite element.

Abstract: A domestic electric baking oven system utilizing upper and lower independently controlled low temperature, low wattage radiant heating elements which radiate heat directly to a food product and to a baking pan bottom. The system efficiently couples the two radiant heat energy sources to the product by utilizing interior oven cavity walls that are highly reflective of radiant energy and a baking pan member that is highly absorptive of radiant energy. The system accomplishes shorter baking times and reduction in energy consumption while maintaining quality levels in the baked product.