Abstract: A heating apparatus and method of making such apparatus has a deposited heating element of oxidized metal powder. The metal powder is oxidized more than forty percent and preferably between sixty and ninety-five percent. The oxidation is the deposited metal powder is increased by either modifying the powder or the modifying the deposition process. The powder is modified by preoxidation, reducing the size of particles, removing oxidation inhibitors, adding oxidation catalysts and enhancers and increasing the surface area of the particles. The process of deposition is modified by using more oxygen and using a high velocity oxy-fuel plasma deposition process.

Abstract: In a fixing device for an image forming apparatus, a heat roller includes a hollow cylindrical base, a heating layer formed of strip-like fibers implementing desired power consumption, and a parting layer provided on the outer periphery of the heating layer with the intermediary of an electrical insulating layer. The strip-like fibers of the heating layer are wound on the base and provided with a preselected resistance.

Abstract: In a godet for advancing and guiding an advancing synthetic filament yarn, the bearing housing for supporting a shaft consists of an inner bearing support and an outer cooling body, which are in a heat conducting contact with each other. Cooling of a bearing within the bearing support is enhanced because the material of the cooling body has a coefficient of thermal conduction which is greater than the coefficient of thermal conduction of the bearing support material. In a heated godet, a cup-shaped godet casing fits over the end of the shaft, and a stationary hollow cylindrical support is fit over the shaft within the godet casing. An annular space is defined between the support and the shaft, and a heating element is mounted to the circumference of the support. The bearing housing at least partially defines openings that provide cooling air to the annular space.

Abstract: A collector plate 74a, which serves as a contact surface of a rotational electrode member 71, is disposed to intersect an imaginary rotational axis RA of a thermal roller 10. The stationary electrode member 72 can be brought into contact with the collector plate 74a at a position near the rotational center of the collector plate 74a. As a result, friction between the two electrode members can be suppressed so that the electrode members do not wear out as quickly. Defective contact or damage of electrode members can be reduced.

Abstract: A roller which can be heated, has a cylindrical roller body which turns about its axis and has a first hollow arrangement and a second hollow arrangement in the form of several channels closed on their ends which run parallel to the axis and which are separated from one another and are of uniform volume. In the first arrangement, an electric radiant heating device is arranged on the roller along its longitudinal direction at least over the working area of the roller. The longitudinal channels of the second hollow arrangement are partly filled with a liquid heated to vaporizing by the heating device.

Abstract: A low cost, compact heat roller device is provided which includes a heat generating resistance for increasing the temperature of the heat roller wherein the heat generating resistance is divided into two parts in order to correspond to passage widths of different recording materials. The heating power of one of these heat generating resistances is changed and the temperature increase of a non-paper transport area of the heat roller is suppressed. Specifically, the heat roller device includes a heat roller and a press roller opposite the heat roller, two heat generating resistances formed on an outer surface of the heat roller which generate heat independently of one another, a common electrode for supplying current and separately arranged additional supply electrodes. The time during which the respective heat generating resistance is on, is changed, in relative terms, according to the object to be heated, and thus the heating power is changed.

Abstract: A heater for fixing a toner image suffers no cracking of the ceramics substrate, thereof has a high connection reliability between an electrode and a connector thereof, and capable of attaining an improved fixing speed and a size increase of a transfer material. The heater, which is adapted to heat and fix a toner image on a transfer material, comprises a ceramics substrate containing silicon nitride and a heat generator formed on the ceramics substrate. The thermal conductivity and the transverse rupture strength of the silicon nitride forming the ceramics substrate are preferably at least 40 W/mK and at least 50 kg/mm.sup.2 respectively, and the thickness of the ceramics substrate can be reduced to 0.1 to 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A thermal conductive roller (10, 80) for use in copying machines, steam-heated and induction-heated applications includes a ceramic heating layer (14, 84) formed by plasma-spraying a ceramic material to form an electrically conductive heating layer. In a first embodiment, power is supplied through connections on opposite ends of the ceramic heating layer (14). Ceramic insulating layers (12, 13) are used between the core (11) and heating layer (14), and between the heating layer (14) and the conductive layer (17). A conductive layer (17) is disposed over and around the ceramic heating layer (14) and the insulating layers (12, 13) to counteract the capacitive effects of the insulating layers (12, 13). Circuitry (38, 39) for detecting faults in the ceramic insulating layers (12, 13) is connected across lines (32, 33) supplying power to the roller, as well as to a conductive portion of the core (11) and to the conductive layer (17).

Abstract: In a heating device used for melting snow on a road, a roof or the like, or for room heating of in-door facilities, in order to heat a to-be-heated or heated object uniformly over its entire area and enable to utilize effectively a PTC heater, a heat diffusing plate 14 for diffusing heat generated from a heat generating body 16 is arranged on an upper face of the heat insulating member 12 and the heating body 16 is arranged in a recess portion 13 installed on its upper face. The heating body 16 is constituted by inserting a heat generating element 4 mounted with heat radiating plates 5 into a vessel 2 enclosed with a heat storing agent 3 of a latent heat absorbing type in a state in which the heat generating element is brought into contact with the heat storing agent 3.

Abstract: A heat insulating layer is provided between the stay and the ceramics heater in a heat fixing device. The heat conductivity of the heat insulating layer is lower than that of the stay. The heater includes a heating element provided on an aluminum nitride substrate. The heater is especially arranged with the heating element facing toward the stay, and with the substrate facing away from the stay and contacting a heat transfer film for conducting heat to a paper sheet or the like on which a toner image is to be fixed.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a conductive and magnetic hollow roller, a metallic layer made of high thermal conductive material formed on the outer surface of the hollow roller, and a magnetic field generating coil provided in the hollow roller to generate eddy current on the hollow roller. A power source applies high-frequency current to the magnetic field generating coil and a pressure roller contacts the hollow roller in a specified nipping width. Also provided is a fixing device with a second hollow roller fitted to the outer surface of a first hollow roller, a coil provided in the first hollow roller, a current source for selectively applying current of at least two frequencies, and a third roller contacting the second roller in a specified nipping width.

Abstract: To improve the fixing ability in the fixing device, and simultaneously prevent hot offset occurring during continuous fixing process. In the interior of a cored bar of a heat roll is mounted a heater lamp, and by controlling the power supplied to said heater lamp, heat roll is maintained at a first set temperature enabling heat fix. To this heater lamp is pressed a pressurization roll formed by covering a cover layer to a cored bar, which forms a fixing device. The heat roll is controlled and maintained at the first set temperature T.sub.1 at the initial fixing process, and when performing a continuous fixing process, it is switched and controlled to a second set temperature T.sub.2 lower than the first set temperature but enabling fixing. Thereby, the fixing ability could be maintained well, preventing hot offset.

Abstract: In a toner image fixing roller covered with a fluororesin layer, to evenly apply anti-offset agent to the roller surface and to increase sharpness of edge-portions of a toner image fixed on recording paper, a fixing roller consists of a core, elastic body layer and a fluororesin layer. The fluororesin layer contains filler (silicone oil or silicone powder) having affinity to anti-offset agent.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for processing photothermographic elements. The apparatus thermally develops a photothermographic element by heating the photothermographic element between a heated member, having a resilient layer, and a plurality of rollers. The apparatus can be a component of other apparatus and systems including those having the ability to expose the photothermographic element to form a latent image.

Abstract: A fusing station (25) of an electrographic apparatus fixes in a single pass a duplex resinous powder color image (8, 18) to a support material in sheet-form (9) as the sheet is moved over a predetermined path (7). The station comprises two heated fixing rollers (1, 11), rotating in contact with each other, driving means to rotate the fixing rollers, pressing means for applying a meshing force between the fixing rollers, heating sources (4, 14) which have substantially identical characteristics. Both fixing rollers comprise a heat conducting core (3, 13) and a resilient covering (2, 12) which by the pressure between both rollers forms a heating nip. A symmetrical fixing operation on both sides of the sheet is provided. Hereto, the fixing rollers have a substantially identical construction, are positioned symmetrically to the path of the sheet and rotate synchronously to the advancement of the sheet.

Abstract: A variable dwell heat and pressure belt fuser for imparting selectable gloss to color toner images. A hybrid belt/roll fuser which has both a roll/roll nip and a belt/roll nip where the size of the latter can be varied by adjusting the position of the fuser roll around the axis of the pressure roll or by varying the location of the belt transport idler roll relative to the heat and pressure fuser members. For any given speed and nip pressure, the high pressure dwell between the fuser and pressure rolls is fixed but the low pressure dwell between the fuser roll and fuser belt can be varied from zero to four (or more) times the high pressure dwell in a prescribed manner.

Abstract: An electrical contact assembly for a roller (10) having at least one single-bevel end portion (13) has a first electrical contact formed by a thermally sprayed band (29) of a nickel alloy, a second electrical contact (30) formed by an annular contact structure (57, 37, 38, 30) assembled to the roller (10) and a bridging contact formed by an extension coil spring (33) which extends around the tapered end (24) of the roller (10) in a location where it will make bridging contact between the first electrical contact (29) and the second electrical contact (30) and provide spring pressure to maintain such contact.

Abstract: A godet for heating an advancing synthetic filament yarn is provided, the godet comprising a plurality of stationary primary windings and, with respect thereto, a magnetically conductive, rotatably supported godet jacket. The godet jacket is coupled with the primary windings via a defined radial clearance extending between same and the side walls of the primary winding carrier for generating induced currents. The carriers are constructed such that their transformer sheets radially overlie each other in the region of their channel bottom, thereby shielding the magnetic flux outward, in particular toward the coil support.

Abstract: A roller for rolling an electrode composite plate of a storage cell, including a cylindrical body having an inner space and a heater installed in the body for heating the electrode composite plate is provided.According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent stress concentrations and to easily perform thickness control and winding by heating and rolling the electrode composite plate during manufacturing of a cylindrical electrical storage cell.

Abstract: In a toner-fixing heater device, a heater strip in a meandering pattern and a pair of heater electrodes are formed on an insulator film which is in turn fixed to a cylindrical roller body. Each heater electrode which slidably contacts a brush electrode has a leading and trailing edges formed inclinedly at an inclination angle .theta., e.g., 50.degree.. The axial width Wd of the heater electrode 14, the circumferential width Wg of a spacing between the leading and the trailing edges, and the circumferential width Wb of the brush electrode are determined to satisfy (Wd/tan .theta.+Wd).gtoreq.Wg. This arrangement assures a continuous sliding contact between the heater electrode and the brush electrode.

Abstract: An induction heating roller apparatus comprises:a stationary shaft 23 having a plurality of hydraulic operating mechanisms 27 arranging in one line in the direction of axis, each hydraulic operating mechanism being made up of a cylinder 25 and a piston 26, and magnetic flux generating mechanisms 32 and 35 which comprise iron cores 30 and 33 and induction coils 31 and 34 wound on the latter 30 and 33; anda roller 21 which is rotatably supported on the stationary shaft 23, and has a cylindrical wall which includes jacket chambers 22 filled with a two-phase (gas and liquid) heating medium. In the apparatus, the magnetic flux generating mechanisms 32 and 35 being arranged on both sides of the stationary shaft in the direction of axis in such a manner that they are circumferentially 90.degree. away from the hydraulic operating mechanisms arranged in one line.

Abstract: A thermal conductive roller for use in copying machines, steam-heated and induction-heated applications includes a ceramic heating layer formed by plasma spraying a ceramic material to form an electrically conductive heating layer of preselected and and controlled resistance. Several methods of controlling the resistance of the ceramic heating layer are disclosed. The ceramic heating layer is sealed with a solid, low viscosity sealer such as Carnauba wax to protect the ceramic layer from moisture penetration. Electrical current is applied at or near the core and is conducted radially outward through the heating layer to an outer grounded metallic layer. An outer contact layer of metal, ceramic, or polymeric material can be added.

Abstract: A fuser system member for use in an electrophotographic apparatus for fusing toner images to a copy substrate, the fuser member having a substrate, a heat generating layer provided thereon comprising a fluorinated carbon filled fluoroelastomer, and an outer toner release layer provided on the heat generating layer.

Abstract: A fixing unit for an image forming device such as a laser printer includes a heat roller and a heating member driving unit to drive the heat roller. The heat roller includes a hollow cylindrical tube and a resistance heating member to selectively heat portions of the tube along the axial length thereof. The resistance heating member includes an insulating layer and a conductive layer. The conductive layer is provided with a plurality of resistance heating patterns arranged along the axial length of the tube and connected to a plurality of electrode portions. The connections between the resistance heating patterns and the electrode portions are arranged such that applying a voltage across selected electrode portions causes selected resistance patterns to generate heat and thus, selectively heat a portion of the tube along the axial length thereof.

Abstract: A heated roller assembly (10) is disclosed having a rotatable roller (12). The roller (12) has a generally cylindrical section (20) with an outer diameter D and includes an inner insulative layer (36) thereover, a conductive layer (38) over the inner insulative layer (36), and an outer insulative layer (40) over the conductive layer (38). The roller assembly (10) also has an inwardly projecting conical portion (22) adjacent the cylindrical section (20) of the roller (12) with the inner insulative layer (36), conductive layer (38) and outer insulative layer (40) respectively thereover. A portion (A) of the conductive layer (38) on the conical portion (22) of the roller (12) is exposed. An external contact body (14) has at least one electrically conductive outer surface (46) that projects towards and contacts the conductive layer (38) of the conical portion (22) while piercing an imaginary plane P1 formed by an extending outer diameter (D) of the cylindrical section (20).

Abstract: The invention concerns a heated roll and a method for heating of a roll, in particular of a press roll or calender roll in a paper or board machine. The roll has a hollow, tubular roll mantle. According to the invention, the roll is heated with electric current by means of electrical resistors fitted inside the body material of roll mantle. The heating is preferably applied to the roll substantially at the proximity of the face of the roll mantle, and the electric current may be supplied to the electrical resistors from the ends of the roll through glide rings.

Abstract: An image fixing apparatus includes such an image fixing roller for thermally fixing images on an image receiving material that includes (a) a core roller member; and (b) an exothermic phase transition layer provided on the core roller member. The exothermic phase transition layer includes an exothermic phase transition material capable of performing reversible phase transition from an amorphous state to a crystalline state and vice versa, and crystallizing at a crystallization temperature which is lower than a predetermined image fixing temperature, with liberation of crystallization heat therefrom, and the exothermic phase transition material having a melting point higher than the image fixing temperature, thereby additionally increasing the temperature elevation rate before the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the image fixing roller reaches the image fixing temperature to shorten the warm up time of the image fixing roller.

Abstract: A heating roller device including a center shaft, a heat roller rotatably supported on the center shaft, and heating means provided inside the heat roller has the wear resistance of the outer surface of its heat roller outer surface increased and its availability factor enhanced by forming the outer surface of the heat roller with a hard carbon film of hydrogenated amorphous carbon. The hard carbon film is preferably formed on an intermediate layer formed on the outer surface of the heat roller beforehand so and to increase its adhesion to the outer surface. Wear resistance can be further enhanced by forming the outer surface of the heat roller with a hard layer, forming an intermediate layer on the hard layer and forming the hard carbon film on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image fixing apparatus for use in an electrophotographic copying machine, more particularly to an image fixing apparatus for thermally fixing toner images on a transfer sheet, and to an image fixing roller for use in the image fixing apparatus.

Abstract: In order to prevent transmitting vibrations which are generated by the turning of a godet to an inductor used for heating the godet, the inductor may be arranged vibration-free on bearings by a vibration damper. The vibration damper may be arranged between a carrying cylinder flange of a carrying cylinder, which accommodates the inductor, and a housing end wall. A further vibration damper ring may be provided between a centering ring, for the radial damping of the inductor, with the carrying cylinder flange being pressed against the vibration damper by screws and a pressure spring being provided between the screw and the carrying cylinder flange for pressing against the carrying cylinder flange.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image heating device, provided with a movable member including an electroconductive layer and adapted to move with a recording member, a magnetizing coil for generating a magnetic flux, provided continuously over the entire width of the movable member in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the movable member, and a core member for guiding the magnetic flux. The magnetic flux generated by the magnetizing coil induces an eddy current in the movable member, thereby heating an image supported on the recording member by the heat generated in the movable member by the eddy current. At least a part of the magnetizing coil is provided along the movable member not along the core member.

Abstract: A heating element having an electrically heatable layer comprises a support tube (16) provided with an electrically resistive heating layer (14), and electrodes for applying a voltage to the resistive heating layer (14). At least one electrode is provided as an elastic electrode, having a contacting side for engaging the resistive heating layer (14) and being adapted for arrangement on the support tube (16), with the contacting side of the electrode abutting the resistive heating layer (14). The contacting side has free ends comprising a plurality of projections having abutment faces, abutment lines or abutment points for contacting the resistive heating layer (14).

Abstract: A machine for producing plastic laminates having a feed roller means consisting of a pair of feed rollers for feeding a material to be laminated, a facing type preheater means which allows the material to be laminated which is being fed, to be preheated, while it slides along the preheater means, and a heating and pressing roller means which has both the heating function and the pressing function in one body, for heating and pressing the material to be laminated which has been preheated, resultantly being simple in the structure, small in the external dimension, less expensive in the production cost and capable of producing plastic laminates without discontinuous adhesion to have a beautiful laminated surface appearance.

Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining a uniform temperature along its axis by increasing the heat transfer efficiency. The apparatus uses a sealed chamber containing a substantially pure working fluid in a two phase (liquid and vapor) condition. The vaporization and condensation of the fluid increases the heat transfer efficiency and tends to equalize temperature gradients in a body in contact with the apparatus. The apparatus is utilized in various locations in an electrophotographic printing machine and can be used as a pressure roll for a heat and pressure fuser, a support or drive roll for a photoreceptive member, a support member for a photoreceptor and a heat sink for a developer housing.

Abstract: A sealing and severing apparatus is disclosed for sealing plastic bags formed in succession from stock plastic film material and then severing the sealed bags from one another. The bags are filled with a foamable composition while they are being formed so that when the formed and filled bags are placed in a container, the foamable composition fills the bag with foam to thereby produce a customized foam cushion for any objects in the container.

Abstract: In an image recording apparatus, a photosensitive material is pulled out from a magazine and is conveyed to an exposure section in which an image is formed on the photosensitive material by exposure. When the photosensitive material reaches a switchback section, it is reversely conveyed by a predetermined length. The exposed portion is cut off by cutting blades, and is passed through the exposure section again. A guide plate is moved to cause the photosensitive material to proceed inside the guide plate and then move to a heat-development/transfer section via a water applying section. An image receiving material having a predetermined length is taken out from another magazine by a sucking/conveying section, and is then conveyed to the heat-development/transfer section by rollers. The photosensitive material and the image receiving material are conveyed along a straight path by endless belts while being held therebetween so that the photosensitive material is subjected to heat-development.

Abstract: A thermal conductive roller for use in copying machines, steam-heated and induction-heated applications includes a ceramic heating layer formed by plasma spraying a ceramic material to form an electrically conductive heating layer of preselected and and controlled resistance. Several methods of controlling the resistance of the ceramic heating layer are disclosed. The ceramic heating layer is sealed with a solid, low viscosity sealer such as Carnauba wax to protect the ceramic layer from moisture penetration. Electrical current is applied at or near the core and is conducted radially outward through the heating layer to an outer grounded metallic layer. An outer contact layer of metal, ceramic, or polymeric material can be added.

Abstract: A roll mill having a pair of thick, solid, heated rollers made of refractory material to heat materials to be mixed therebetween to a temperature in the range of approximately 500 degrees C. to 4000 degrees C.

Abstract: A roll charged with a heat transfer medium includes a heater which is easy to replace and measures by which the temperature in the axial direction of the roll can be kept uniform during operation. A hollow portion of the roll, which can be opened to the atmosphere, is located at a central axial portion of the roll. The heater is a rod-shaped heater and extends along the central longitudinal axis of the hollow portion. Metal having a low melting point is provided between the heater and an inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion. A heat transfer medium is charged in the hollow portion at the periphery thereof. The heat transfer medium may contact a circumferential part of the heater. In addition, a spiral groove or fin may be provided on an internal surface of the hollow of the portion of the roll body that is charged with the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, such as a copier or a printer, for forming an image on a recording sheet. The apparatus includes: a fixer for fixing the image on the recording sheet and having a heat roller. The fixer further includes: a pair of side ends in which a rotation axis of the heat roller passes through the pair of side ends; a heat pipe for regulating a temperature of the heat roller; and a conveyance path, having a reference position, for conveying the recording sheet in the fixing in which the recording sheet is conveyed along the reference position. In the fixer, the reference position is in a vicinity of one of side ends, and a center of the heat pipe in a direction of the rotation axis is positioned on the side end side with respect to a center of the heat roller.

Abstract: A heater (1) for an advancing thermoplastic yarn which is guided along a heated surface over ring segments (2). The flow of heat to the yarn is adjustable by changing the geometric parameters of the heat transfer.

Abstract: A heating roller for fixation has a hollow body with a wall thickness of 1-3 mm. A deposit prevention layer is formed on the outer surface of the roller body. The roller body has excellent heat conductivity. A resistance heat generating member is bonded on and anchored to the inner surface of the roller body. The resistance heat generating member is a flexible heat generating sheet which is formed by adhering a resistance heat generating body composed of predetermined patterns of resistance members, formed of stainless steel or copper foil, on the surface of an insulating film material, made of a polyimide resin, that has heat resistance and insulating characteristics.

Abstract: An improved laminating machine having a supply of laminating material guided into the machine so a pair of webs respectively are fed through heating stations and then extend parallel to one another along a workpiece path in a direction towards a drive station. A supply of sheet material is delivered between the webs of laminating material. A pair of pressing rolls supported for rotation engage and bond together opposite sides of the heated laminating material and the sheet material to form a composite workpiece. Each heating station directs laminating material to the pressing rolls. Each heating station is formed in an arcuate configuration and includes a plurality of rollers and a plurality of heaters. Each heater is operatively connected with a respective roller. A pair of rotatable cooling rollers are supported along the path between the pressing rolls and the drive station. Each cooling roller has at least one coolant passage extending longitudinally therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mold releasing elastic roller having an insulating elastic layer; an insulating and mold releasing surfacial layer formed on said elastic layer; and a primer layer for adhering the elastic layer and the mold releasing surfacial layer, the primer layer containing a material of low resistance.

Abstract: An induction heating roller apparatus comprises a rotatable hollow cylindrical roller body made of magnetic material, a pair of end frames for closing the opposite opening ends of the roller body, having roller driving shafts in outer sleeve form, magnetic flux generating device comprising an induction coil wound on an iron core body positioned between the pair of end frames and in the hollow portion of the roller body, a pair of sleeve-like rods projecting from the opposite end surfaces of the iron core body and inserted for relative rotation into the outer sleeve of the shafts, and a pair of auxiliary magnetic flux generating mechanism comprising auxiliary induction coils wound on annular iron cores positioned inside the end frames and fixed at the base portion at which the sleeve-like rods are connected to the iron core body, and wherein the end frames comprise fitting edges fitted in the opposite openings in the roller body, flange portions continuous with the fitting edges and adapted to be applied to th

Abstract: Coated fuser members such as a fuser roller, pressure roller, or fuser belt, and the method of making the coated fuser members are disclosed. The release coating comprises an outermost layer of fluoropolymer resin uniquely bonded to a fluoroelastomer layer by means of a fluoropolymer-containing polyamide-imide primer layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pre-proof temperature controlling assembly associated with an off-press apparatus for laminating an image sheet to an image receiving substrate and, more particularly, for laminating a plurality of image sheets to the receiving substrate and then laminating a portion of the receiving substrate to a display sheet.

Abstract: A printing or marking apparatus comprises a movable marking member having at least one marking device thereon, and a stationary heating structure having at least one heating element for maintaining the marking device at an elevated temperature. At least a portion of the stationary heating structure can be exchanged, removed or modified in order to vary the amount of heat applied to the marking device. In a preferred embodiment, the removable portion comprises a tubular heat pipe which extends into a hollow marking roll, and the heat pipe may be provided in different sizes or in segments which can be added or removed as desired. The disclosed apparatus is of particular utility in connection with ink compositions of the type which are solid at normal room temperatures, and which are rendered liquid or flowable at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: An improved laminator includes two heat conductors each having a roller channel receiving a silicone roller and a heating tunnel containing a mica heating plate. The roller channel and heating tunnel are separated by a thin wall so that the heat generated by the heating plate is easily conducted to the silicone roller, whereby when a picture and an upper and a lower layers of plastic films are pressed by the heated silicone rollers, the plastic films are molten and attached on the picture to form a lamination. The laminator has a base formed with a central fixing sink which has two opposite axial notches and two circumferential slots located under and beside and communicated with the notches. One end of each of the circumferential slots has an upper window, whereby a temperature controller with two terminals is locked in the fixing sink to measure and control the temperature of the heat conductors.

Abstract: A toner image fixing device comprises a heat roller and a lamp heater. The lamp heater is formed from a nicrome wire stretched between clamp terminals, a silica tube and ceramic holders closely fitted to respective ends of the silica tube and which have an external diameter which is substantially the same as the diameter of the heating roller. The lamp heater is secured by a lamp holder and frame to the shaft of the heat roller. The heat roller is rotatably supported by a bearing and is driven by a driving gear.