Abstract: An induction heating and fixing device suitable for a copying machine comprises a fixing roller, a first iron core, a second iron core, and two third iron cores. The first iron core inserted into the center of the fixing roller. The first, the second, and the third iron cores are magnetically and mechanically combined together to form a closed magnetic circuit. Magnetic blocks are provided for combining the first, the second, and the third iron cores. Each of these iron cores comprises a plurality of isolated thin silicon steel plates. At least one of the two of the third iron cores is disassembled to remove the fixing roller from the device for maintenance.

Abstract: A heat roller fixing device for use in an electrophotographic copying apparatus and the like, which includes a heating roller constituted by a fluorine resin layer laminated on an electrically conductive core member through a primer layer, the heated roller being driven for rotation, and a pressure roller constituted by an electrically insulative layer on another electrically conductive core member and held in contact with the heating roller for simultaneous rotation with the heating roller so as to fix a charged toner image formed on copy paper onto the copy paper by causing the copy paper carrying the toner image thereon to pass between the heating roller and pressure roller. The primer layer is composed of a primer having incorporated therein an electrically conductive material, and the primer of the primer layer is partly exposed at the surface of the fluorine resin layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus wherein image fixing means is controlled for different fixing conditions under which a toner image is fixed on a recording material to adapt it to a synthetic resin sheet as the recording material or to a color image to be fixed, including at least one of fixing temperature, fixing speed and actuation of cleaning means. The present invention is particularly effective in use for a recording system in which the fixing temperature and speed are decreased and the cleaning means is actuated when a color image is to be formed on a transparent or resin sheet. The present invention is most useful for a color image recording system.

Abstract: A heating device for heating an object with a heating element composed of ceramic particles having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance dispersed in a binder.

Abstract: A heatable winding drum construction for use in the manufacture of thermoplastic tubes and receptacles comprises an internal supporting structure for an elongated cylindrical wall with an insulating layer between the supporting structure and the wall.

Abstract: A fixing roller for a fixing unit for a copying machine has a heater disposed within an aluminum cylinder. A pair of stainless steel, U-shaped plates, which have holes cut in their bottoms, are fitted into opposite end portions of the cylinder to hold the heater and to utilize the heat generated thereby. A pair of bearings, which have outer races made of heat-resistant resin, are fitted into the opposite end portions of the cylinder under pressure to support the cylinder so that the outer races and the cylinder turn as one unit.

Abstract: The invention concerns variable contour rollers for use in calendering or pressing devices, printing presses and like applications. The rollers include an external element of cylindrical form, for example of cast iron, and in their interior a number of transverse elements which can be made to expand radially by heating. More or less substantial radial expansion provokes directly or indirectly a change in the profile of the exterior generally cylindrical working surface. The interior of the roller may be a shaft carrying heating elements and which is fixed or rotates with the external working surface.

Abstract: Yarn heater apparatus and process are provided wherein the yarn heater temperature sensing means can be replaced without disassembly of the yarn heater device. The yarn heater apparatus and process of the invention allow ready servicing of temperature sensing devices and is resistant to heater failure upon malfunction of the temperature sensing means.

Abstract: The cylinder for guiding a web of textile material comprises at least one hollow space which is partly filled with a liquid heat carrier and can be evacuated. The pressure increase in the hollow space if the temperature is increased is to be limited to values below a multiple of calculated safety even though heat carriers with a steeply rising vapor pressure curve such as water are used. The solution consists in that only a quantity of heat carrier which can be evaporated completely in the volume of the hollow space already before a predetermined vapor pressure is reached, is contained in the hollow space.

Abstract: A heat fixer roll made from a core covered with a layer of heat-resistant rubber coated with a layer of evaporated metal is useful in dry type electric photocopying machine to prevent the offset phenomenon.

Abstract: A device for high quality development of latent image on a strip of heat developable paper or film. The devices includes a heat conductive member which affords conduction of a uniform predetermined quantity of heat to all areas of the paper. The heat conductive member includes means to vent moisture from the paper to the atmosphere during the development process, to aid in bringing about uniform development of the paper or film. The heat conductive member may further include means to provide uniform pressure to the film or paper during the development process.

Abstract: Rotatable heating apparatus including a support portion, a shell portion, a heating portion, a power supply portion and a control portion; the support portion including a frame section, the frame section including spaced upstanding sections, the upstanding sections including shaft supports; the shell portion including a substantially cylindrical outer section, a smaller substantially cylindrical inner section disposed within the outer section adjacent thereto and spaced therefrom, substantially parallel first and second end sections adjacent the ends of the cylindrical inner section, first and second annular sections enclosing the spacing between the ends of the inner and outer cylindrical sections, a shaft member disposed along the axis of the shell portion; the heating portion including a plurality of spaced electrical heating elements disposed between the inner and outer cylindrical sections, the heating elements extending from the first annular section to a point adjacent the second annular section, insul

Abstract: A member has a compliancy which changes at elevated temperatures. The member is useful as a fuser member such as a fuser roller for applying heat and pressure to a toner image carried by a receiver to fuse the image without introducing fuser-related image defects. The fuser member includes an elastomeric material incorporating particles of a material which is solid at ambient temperatures but which becomes fluid at fusing temperatures, thus making the elastomeric material more compliant.

Abstract: Apparatus for removably holding a heater element having at least one end with an electrical contact. The apparatus includes a body of heat and electrically insulating material having a first segment for releasably and solely supporting an elongated heater element by the contact end of said element and a second segment connected to and axially aligned with said first segment for mounting an electrical terminal which engages the contact at the end of a supported heater element. A third segment extends from the body for manually gripping the holder apparatus without danger of thermal hazard or contamination so that the heater element may be installed in and removed from a work station such as a heated fuser roller.

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive element on a rotatable drum of a copying machine changes a characteristic in response to a temperature on said drum. The characteristic is employed to control a temperature signal. The temperature signal from the drum is connected to stationary portions of the copying machine through sliding contacts. A control circuit responds to the temperature signal to control the energization of a heater to maintain the temperature of the drum at a predetermined value. The temperature signal and the control circuit complement each other to avoid errors caused by changes in resistance in the sliding contacts. In one embodiment, the temperature signal is a controlled current, independent of resistance in series with it, and the control circuit measures the current.

Abstract: The circumferential wall of the godet drum is heated via air which is heated by a heating device within the chamber of the drum. Air circulation through a closed path is aided by means of fan blades which are mounted on an interior face of the drum.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for fusing images of pigmented thermoplastic resin marking particles to a receiver member. A marking particle image on the surface of a receiver member contacts the peripheral surface of a hollow member. A source of radiant energy, capable of at least partially melting such particles, is mounted within the hollow member. The hollow member is transparent to the energy of the source. The entire image-bearing surface of the receiver member is simultaneously pressed into full and intimate contact with the peripheral surface of the hollow member in order to lower the particle/receiver member boundary thermal resistance and enhance particle flow during radiation of energy by the source to fuse the image to the receiver member.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a heat roller fixing device for use in an electrophotographic copying apparatus and the like, which includes a heating roller constituted by laminating an offset prevention layer on an electrically conductive core member and having a heating element incorporated in it so as to be driven for rotation by a driving unit, and a pressure roller constituted by forming an electrically insulative layer on another electrically conductive core member and held in contact under pressure with the heating roller for simultaneous rotation with the heating roller, so as to fix toner image formed on copy paper onto the copy paper by causing the copy paper carrying the toner image on it, to pass between the heating roller and pressure roller. The offset prevention layer is composed of fluorine resin containing carbon fibers in a combined amount of less than 30%.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the application of fuser release material such as fuser oil to a roller fuser in an electrographic copier. The number of fixable images or the number of photoconductor frames are counted after the start of a copy run and compared with the number of copies which exit from the copier to determine if the two counts bear a preselected numerical relationship to each other. If they do, fuser oil is applied to the roller fuser; if they do not, application of fuser oil is discontinued until the two counts bear such numerical relationship.

Abstract: The fixing means for an electrostatic recording apparatus comprises a pair of revolving rollers in pressure contact with one another, of which at least one roller may be a heating roller, and in which each roller is a deformable thin cylinder supported for rotation at its ends by a resilient deformable end piece. The two revolving rollers are urged against one another by a pair of aligned pressure rollers extending along substantially the entire length of the revolving rollers and between them exerting a pressure against said revolving rollers in a direction perpendicular to the axes thereof. The result is to provide between the two revolving rollers a constant elastically deformable and restorable nip across the entire length of said revolving rollers. Because of this construction and the close contact between the rollers, their surface temperature can be quickly raised, a uniform nipping width is maintained, and no permanent roller deformation results.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for closely covering with a plastic film at least one surface of a base sheet such as identification card to improve the durability of the base sheet and to prevent any unauthorized alteration of information described thereon. The above apparatus includes a pair of conveying and pressing rollers and a heat radiation lamp incorporated therein to heat the circumference of at least one of the rollers. The base sheet and the plastic film overlaid are preheated by direct heat from the heat radiation lamp while being conveyed toward the pair of rollers, thereby achieving a high-speed processing and prevention of base sheet deformation. Also disclosed is an apparatus equipped with a heat transmission member along the base sheet feed path of a base sheet travelling path. The heat transmission member is adapted to present the base sheet and the plastic film, and may be formed by a part of a reflector plate.

Abstract: An electronic duplicator machine heats a toner attached to a copying paper and a fixing device fixes the toner to the paper. The fixing device includes a heat generating roller which includes a supporting body having a journal portion on either end surface and rotatably supported by the journal portion; a heat insulating layer formed on the outer circumferential surface of the supporting body to prevent the transmission of heat to the supporting body; a resistance heater layer through which a current flows to heat the toner and which covers the outer circumferential surface of the heat insulating layer.

Abstract: A heat treating roll for heating selected spaced areas of stretched thermoplastic elastomeric material so as to "kill" the elastic properties of the heat treated areas wherein insulated arcuate shoes are disposed in grooves in the roll with an air space between the shoes and the bottoms of the grooves and with the outer surface of the shoes disposed radially outward from the ungrooved surface of the roll so that the insulated shoes are pressed by companion chill roll while the heated surfaces of the roll are not and the elastic material is transferred from the nip between the heated roll and the chill roll to stabilize the elastic/inelastic properties of the heat treated elastomeric ribbons.

Abstract: A temperature controller for photographic heat fixing unit which may be used in an electrophotographic copying apparatus includes a main temperature for detecting the temperature of a heater or heaters in the fixing unit and an auxiliary temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of a marginal member spaced from the heater or of a record sheet. The temperature level of the fixing unit is controlled in accordance with outputs from the both temperature sensors.

Abstract: A heated fuser roll for use in a fuser apparatus for fixing toner images to a support surface is disclosed. The fuser roll includes a sleeve member having two heating units positioned within the member. Each heating unit includes a plurality of heating elements formed of a semiconducting ceramic material having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity and exhibiting a Curie temperature transition point at which the resistance of the material increases with increasing temperature. The heating units are separated from each other by an insulating member. The fuser includes a thermally sensitive switch for controlling power to the heating elements when starting the fuser from a cold state. The switch is adapted to electrically connect the heating units in series when power is first applied to the fuser and then electrically connect the heating units in parallel when the heating elements are heated to the Curie temperature.

Abstract: Heat fixing rolls for electrophotographic dry toner processes are made with a silicone rubber outer layer which contains substantial amounts of siliceous filler, including reinforcing silica filler. The heat fixing rolls produce an increased number of copies before offset occurs.

Abstract: A xerographic hot roll fuser whose hot roll's soft, elastomeric outer surface is formed of a mixture of 70 parts polymethylvinylsiloxane where the vinyl groups are terminating groups, and 30 parts of a blended polymer consisting of the polymethylvinylsiloxane and polymethyl-H-siloxane in which the hydride function is greater than two.

Abstract: Heat and pressure fuser apparatus for fixing toner images to substrates passing through a nip formed between two pressure engaged roll structures, at least one of the roll structures being heated and contacting the toner images as the substrates pass through the nip. The apparatus being characterized by a heated fuser roll structure having a thin circumferential wall wherein reinforcing structure is provided internally thereof for rendering the thin circumferential wall sufficiently rigid to withstand the pressures to which it is subjected during fusing.

Abstract: A pressure fusing apparatus for use in a xerographic copying machine for fixing a developed toner image to a copy sheet. The apparatus includes in combination a first roller adapted to be rotatably mounted and driven within the copying machine; an arcuately shaped support member, the inner surface of which is spaced from and lies substantially parallel to a portion of the outer surface of the first roller; and a plurality of second smaller rollers mounted for rolling contact about the arcuately shaped support member, the second rollers and the first roller adapted to form a series of nips through which copy sheets being fused pass.

Abstract: An image fixing device for an electrophotographic copying apparatus and the like including a fixing roller and a pressing roller in pressing contact with each other. The fixing roller includes a metallic core, a resilient material layer and an offset preventing layer superposed one over another in the indicated order and having a heating member disposed therein for heating the metallic core. A copy sheet formed thereon with a toner image is passed between the two rolls so that the toner image will be fixed to the copy sheet by melt adhesion by being pressed between them while being heated. The offset preventing layer has a higher heat intake than the toner image so as to be highly responsive to heat. The offset preventing layer is formed of a material containing a synthetic resinous material, such as silicone rubber, silicone resin, etc., which is highly resistant to heat and which has a high parting property, added with over 1% by weight of metal powder of high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An improved heated fuser roll for use in a fuser apparatus for fixing toner images to a support surface is disclosed. The fuser roll includes a circular sleeve member having at least one heating unit positioned within the sleeve member. Each heating unit includes (i) a plurality of axially disposed thermally conductive members each formed of a chordal section having a curved surface positioned in contiguous relation to the inside curved surface of the sleeve member and a substantially flat surface, (ii) a plurality of wafer shaped heating elements formed of a semiconducting ceramic material having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity and exhibiting a Curie temperature transition point at which the resistance of the material increases with increasing temperature, and (iii) resilient means. Each of the heating units is separated from each other by an insulating member.

Abstract: A heated fuser roll for use in a fuser apparatus for fixing toner images to a support surface is disclosed. The fuser roll includes a circular sleeve member having at least one heating unit positioned within the sleeve member.

Abstract: A thermic developing station for recording material which is to be developed by means of heat, comprising a rotatable drum and a heating element which is adapted to fit the curvature of the drum surface, the recording material being fed through between the drum and the heating element by the drum and at the entrance of the recording material into the heating zone an unheated member is provided which is also adapted to fit the surface of the drum.

Abstract: An improved means for mounting the induction coil of an inductively heated, rotatable godet about the magnetic core thereof so as to prevent internal overheating and preferably also to avoid any movement or play between the core and the coil as caused by heat expansion and vibration during operation of the godet. The improvement comprises cooling means for cooling the laminated pack acting as the magnetic core and for thermally isolating the pack from the coil and outer godet shell or casing, said cooling means including at least one hose-like tube wound around the laminated pack with means to conduct a fluid coolant therethrough. An elastic intermediate member is preferably introduced at some point between the coil and magnetic core in order to compensate for any unequal thermal expansion of these elements in the axial and/or radial directions.

Abstract: A thermal processing device for dry photographic paper using a minimum amt of electrical energy. A cylindrical drum is provided with heating elements on the inside surface and current is applied through a slip ring assembly. A non-metallic belt, substantially equal in width to the length of the cylindrical drum, is supported by rollers so that a portion of the belt engages the cylindrical drum. Rotation of the cylindrical drum causes rotation of the belt and a sheet of paper fed into the device is sandwiched between the belt and drum and is heated thereby to develop the dry photographic paper.

Abstract: A heat roller type fixing apparatus for electrophotographic copying machine comprising a heat roller containing a heating element, a press roller which presses against and rotates with the heat roller, temperature sensing elements for detecting the surface temperature of the heat roller, and a control circuit which controls the conduction of the heating element in response to the output from the temperature sensing elements. The heating element having a heating characteristic such that, at the initial stage of heating, the surface of the heat roller exhibits a low temperature area at its longitudinally central portion and highest temperature areas on both sides of the low temperature area. The temperature sensing elements being set at positions almost midway between the low temperature area and the highest temperature areas of the heat roller surface.

Abstract: Improved heat roller fixing apparatus comprising an inner cylinder having a heater therein, an outer cylinder, and a vacuum chamber which is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and which contains a liquid heat transfer medium at low pressure is described. In particular, improvements obviating excessive heating of the inner cylinder are made by placing the heat transfer medium in the chamber so as to be in contact with the lower portion of the inner cylinder at least when said outer cylinder is stationary, or by mounting on the inner cylinder a member which serves to stir or pour the heating medium on the inner cylinder and also to transfer heat indirectly from the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder through the heating medium so that speedy evaporation of the heating medium and safe and stable fixing of images are accomplished.

Abstract: A heated fuser roll for use in a fusing apparatus for fixing toner images to a support surface. The fuser roll includes an electrically conductive core member having a plurality of axially disposed longitudinal channels lying along the outer surface of the core member, and a heating element formed of a semiconducting ceramic material having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity and exhibiting a Curie temperature transition point at which the resistance of the material increases with increasing temperature positioned in each of the channels. A layer of a thermally conductive material covers the outer exposed surfaces of both the core member and heating elements, and a sleeve member is positioned around the thermally conductive material.

Abstract: A fusing apparatus for an electrostatic copier has a flexible web rotatably driven between first and second pressure fixing rollers that are further supported by a rotatable, third pressure roller substantially in contact with the web and the second pressure fixing roller. Only the web is heated in an area just prior to the first pressure fixing roller. The entrapped copy sheet follows a concave path formed by the web and the first pressure fixing roller outer diameter, during which time the toner is gradually melted until it is finally pressed and fixed on the copy sheet by the first and second pressure fixing rollers.

Abstract: A heat-pressure fusing apparatus that exhibits high thermal efficiency is disclosed.

Abstract: A heated fuser member for use in an electrostatic copying machine formed of a roll structure whose outer surface comprises graphite is disclosed.

Abstract: A heat pipe roller comprising an inner pipe, an outer pipe, and a chamber formed by the inner pipe and the outer pipe, containing a heating medium, wherein the inner pipe and the outer pipe are sealed above one portion of each end of the heat pipe roller.

Abstract: Heat and pressure fusing apparatus for fixing toner images to copy substrates comprising a first fusing system consisting of a pair of nip forming rolls, one of which is provided with a conformable outer surface and a second fusing system consisting of a pair of nip forming rolls, one of which has a rigid outer surface. Copy substrates are passed sequentially through the nips of the first and second fusing systems, in that order such that the toner images sequentially contact the conformable outer surface and then the rigid outer surface.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for removing hydrocarbons from drill cuttings is disclosed. The method involves heating the contaminated drill cuttings at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, milling the cuttings to expose hydrocarbons trapped within agglomerates of the material, and separating the vapors thereby produced from the cuttings. The cleaned cuttings can be used or disposed of without damage to the environment. The vaporized hydrocarbons may be condensed and recovered.

Abstract: A positively heated fusing roller and a not positively heated counterpressure roller define a roller nip through which copy paper bearing toner images to be fused is transported, with the toner images in contact with the peripheral surface of the heated fusing roller. The two rollers are driven by a drive mechanism during copying operations but not driven by that drive mechanism during the intermediate ready intervals during which the copying machine is awaiting a copying command from the operator. Because the fusing roller radiates heat to the counterpressure roller during the ready intervals, there is a tendency for the peripheral surface of the counterpressure roller to become non-uniformly heated, which can result in non-uniform fusing of toner along the length of the transported copy paper.

Abstract: A welding device for welding together at least two superimposed foils of thermoplastic synthetic material includes an electrically heated temperature-controlled sealing roller and a counterpressure organ cooperating with roller to form a heated zone in which the foils are tightly welded while pressure is applied thereto. The sealing roller comprises a circular disk-like PTC (positive temperature coefficient) resistor which serves as the heating element and the temperature control, with the PTC resistor having a resistance characteristic which rises steeply in the range of the operating temperature of the sealing roller. The PTC resistor serving as the heating element comprises the effective part of the sealing roller which acts directly on the foils to be welded and has axially opposite electrically conductive end faces each provide with a disk-like metallic contact surface rotatable with the resistor and in electrical contact with the axial end faces.

Abstract: An improved backup roll for use in the heated fuser system of electrostatic copy machines wherein the fuser system employs a fuser roll couple comprised of a heated fuser roll in pressure contact with the backup roll. In construction, the backup roll includes an aluminum core member with a coating of polyurethane reinforced flourinated ethylene propylene on its surface. The coating has heat transfer characteristics similar to the copy sheets fed through the couple so as to withdraw heat from the heated fuser roll, along each zone where it may make direct contact with it, at substantially the same rate as the copy sheets withdraw heat. The coating also has a thickness whereby the heat transferred to each zone during contact with the fuser roll is quickly transferred to the aluminum core before that zone again contacts the fuser roll.

Abstract: A pressure fixing apparatus in which copying paper with unfixed toner images formed on one surface is passed between a pair of press rollers in pressing contact with each other to fix the toner images to the copying paper with the pressure of the rollers. At least one of the rollers which comes into contact with the toner images on the copying paper has a roughened surface formed of minute round-edged projections.

Abstract: Apparatus for fixing toner image on a toner image supporting member in electrophotographic copying machine is disclosed. The fixing apparatus includes three rotary rollers which are in contact with each other under the action of pressing means. One of the three rollers has a smaller diameter than the other two rollers. Two rollers with which the toner image supporting member comes into contact are disposed in such a manner that the axes of the two rollers intersect each other and the portion at which the two rollers contact each other or are closest to each other forms a straight line relative to the direction of roller axis. According to one embodiment of the invention, the remaining one roller with which the supporting member does not contact, is formed as a crown roller, that is, a roller which has its largest diameter at the middle portion of the roller.

Abstract: A roller type fixing apparatus for an electrophotographic copying machine comprising a fixing roller, a pressing roller disposed to confront and have contact with said fixing roller and a mechanism for rotating said fixing roller and press roller. At least one of said fixing roller and press roller has a peripheral surface layer portion composed of a resinous material and a low electric resistance powder incorporated therein and said peripheral surface layer portion is electrically grounded.