Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a copying machine of the type in which a toner image bearing member is passed between heating and pressure rollers for thermally fixing the toner image on such member, in which the rollers are rotated under low pressure by a reversible sub-motor; upon initiating a copying action under high pressure a main motor is used to drive both the rollers and the paper feeding mechanism, while the sub-motor is reversed to actuate a high-pressure forming mechanism. At the end of the copying action, the main motor is cut out and the sub-motor again reversed to its original direction to rotate the rollers under low pressure; rotation of the rollers by the sub-motor may be at a lower speed than when they are driven by the main motor.

Abstract: A toner fixing station in an electrostatic copier includes a heated fixing drum and an opposed pressure cylinder. A preheat arrangement is provided for the pressure cylinder to bring the pressure cylinder up to an operating temperature prior to biasing it into opposition to the fixing drum.

Abstract: Apparatus for fixing a toner image on a support by pressing and heating it. To heat the toner image, the apparatus comprises first heating means for heating it with transmission or convection heat and second heating means for heating the same with radiation heat. A detecting means detects the temperature of the first heating means and in accordance with the detected information the second heating means is controlled so as to maintain the thermal condition for fixing in a constant and stable state with improved thermal efficiency.

Abstract: The roller comprises a core and a shell secured to said core. The shell is made up of two coaxial pipes, i.e. an inner pipe secured to the core in the middle and an outer pipe fastened to the inner pipe in the middle and at the ends. This allows the shell to be made of small-diameter thin-walled pipes thus reducing the roller deflection and decreasing considerably the weight both of the roller proper and of the equipment utilizing said roller.

Abstract: An apparatus which provides for a constant center distance between all drive components in a hot roll fusing assembly during fusing nip opening/closing. This apparatus includes a roll closure device which utilizes a high mechanical advantage toggle mechanism in conjunction with a cam drive. The toggle mechanism is comprised of a pivot arm pinned to the fuser frame and a force-cell attached to the pivot arm and the shaft through the backup roll. The backup roll is constrained to rotate about the cam shaft. When the cam rotates, it rotates the pivot arm, which in turn drives the backup roll either towards or away from the hot roll while maintaining a constant center distance between the backup roll center line and a center line through the cam shaft. The drive means for the backup roll includes a first gear drivingly coupled thereto which rotates on the same axis and which meshes with a second gear rotating on the same shaft as the cam.

Abstract: A fixing device comprises a pair of rollers for heating and pressing a copy medium carrying a toner image thereon, a control gear, a planet gear meshing with the control gear and revolvable about the control gear, means for revolving the planet gear, and means responsive to the revolutional movement of the planet gear to displace the pair of rollers between a first position in which they are in pressure contact with each other and a second position in which they are not in pressure contact with each other.

Abstract: A contact heat fixing apparatus comprising heat roll 1 having metal core 3 coated with heat resistant toner releasing material 4 on the surface thereof and provided with a heating element to the inside thereof. Temperature control circuit A comprising detection circuit 15 for the detection of the surface temperature of heat roll 1, comparison circuit 16 for comparing the level of a signal issued from said detection circuit 15 with that of a reference signal, pulse generation circuit 17 for converting the signal produced from said comparison circuit 16 into a pulse and an alternating current power source 12 whose electric power to be supplied to said heating element 11 is controlled by the signal from said pulse generation circuit, and switching circuit B for applying, to said temperature control circuit A, control signals which control the surface temperature of said heat roll 1 to set temperature T.sub.1 during a copy stand-by period, to set temperature T.sub.2 lower than said set temperature T.sub.

Abstract: Apparatus in a copier fusing assembly for distributing the wear on a hot roll occasioned by the use of variable length copy sheets. This wear is distributed over the horizontal length of the hot roll by reversing the hot roll, end-for-end. Easy reversal of the hot roll is made possible by utilization of a hot roll subframe which is removably mounted in the copier fuser mainframe. A hot roll handle on the subframe allows for manual removal of the subframe and hot roll from the mainframe and out of the copier where they are reversed and inserted back into the mainframe. Operation of a latch handle moves a sheet detach bar and sheet transport exit-ways away from the downstream side of the fusing nip to facilitate jam clearance.

Abstract: This invention provides for an improved high speed printer using electrostatic means. The paper used is ordinary paper that is first dried to increase its electrical resistance. The electrostatic image is produced directly on the ordinary paper and then the electrostatic image is developed and fixed thereon. The invention includes details of the heating means.

Abstract: A device for the protection of vehicle windows against frost and ice, comprising a housing mounted on the vehicle roof and containing a roller blind which may be pulled down from a slot in the housing to cover the window. The blind has at its lower end a soft reinforced border for sealing against the vehicle body.

Abstract: A high efficiency fuser and pressure roll system for fixing xerographic toner particles to a carrier medium such as paper has an axially located cartridge heater element integrally coupled to a plurality of low thermal mass, high thermal conductivity fins for efficiently transferring heat by direct thermal conduction to and supporting the roll surface. The cartridge heater and fuser roll structure are thermally isolated from the shaft mechanism supporting the fuser roll itself. Quick and efficient heating of the roll surface is afforded, radiative transfer of heat being avoided. Further, there is afforded diminished heat loss through undesired heat conduction into the shaft and associated parts of the copier.

Abstract: A thermal fixing device which includes a heat roller which is positioned to contact a toner image-bearing surface of a copy sheet in order to completely fix the already preliminarily fixed toner image as the copy sheet moves through the thermal fixing device, the surface of the heat roller being made of RTV silicone rubber which contains 25 to 35% by weight of non-reactive dimethyl silicone oil having a viscosity of 10 to 300 centistoke and a trimethyl siloxy group as an end group. The heat roller contacts the toner image-bearing surface of the copy sheet with a total pressure of about 1.5 to 4.5Kg.

Abstract: Apparatus in a copier fusing assembly for distributing the wear on a hot roll occasioned by the use of variable length copy sheets. This wear is distributed over the horizontal length of the hot roll by reversing the hot roll, end-for-end. Easy reversal of the hot roll is made possible by utilization of a hot roll subframe which is removably mounted in the copier fuser mainframe. A handle on the subframe allows for manual removal of the subframe and hot roll from the mainframe and out of the copier where they are reversed and inserted back into the mainframe.

Abstract: A contact pressure adjusting device in a combination heating and pressing fixing apparatus for electrophotographic copiers, characterized in that one end of a spring 3, which applies a pressing force to a heating roll 1 and a press roll 2, is mounted on a rotary plate 4 so as to vary the spring load as said rotary plate 4 is rotated to various positions.

Abstract: In the apparatus for applying a polymer film to a support as the film and support pass between a heating roller and a pressure roller the heating roller is provided with a freely movable electrical contact comprised of a disk extending into a pool of mercury at one end of the heating roller to accommodate longitudinal heat expansion of the roller to prevent radial variations in the heating element with consequent variations in heating patterns. The supply reel for the polymer film is provided with a spring bias friction brake having a readily disconnectable coupling with the supply reel to facilitate reel changing.

Abstract: A heater roll in which a resistor-type heater mounted in the roll is controlled by use of a temperature sensing element also located in the roll. Electrical power, particularly AC power, is provided through slip rings and the set point for the temperature control is determined by a signal from a current source applied through the slip rings. The set point transmitter is designed to provide a constant current signal to the temperature regulator, irrespective of resistance variations which may be introduced by changes in the slip ring characteristics. As such, the temperature regulator maintains a predetermined temperature in the rotating roll, irrespective of slip-ring resistance variations.

Abstract: A heated roll fixing device for electrophotographic copying machines, wherein said device is provided with a first roll 4 which is coated on the surface with a heat-resistant releasing agent 2 , said first roll being adapted to contact toner images 6 on a supporting body 7 . A second roll 5 cooperating with said first roll 4 for pressure-heat-fixing the toner images to said supporting body 7 . The fixing device is characterized in that either said first roll 4 or second roll 5 but at least said first roll 4 is provided with an inner heating means 3, and an outer heating means 13 with small heat capacity is provided in a manner to surround said first roll 4 as illustrated in FIG. 4 of the drawings.

Abstract: Apparatus for heat processing sheet or web material includes a rotary drum and guide web of low friction coefficient and idler rollers which cooperate with the moving drum to effect feed of the material through the processing path.

Abstract: A high efficiency fuser and pressure roll system for fixing xerographic toner particles to a carrier medium such as paper is presented having a helical resistance coil bonded at the active cylindrical surface of the fuser roll; the surface located heater is thermally isolated from the shaft mechanism supporting the fuser roll. Quick heating of the surface is achieved, along with diminished heat loss by heat conduction into the shaft and associated parts of the copier. The heater being integral with the fuser roll, heat is transferred directly and efficiently from the heater to the toner material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to logically controlled unique temperature systems, and it more particularly relates to methods and apparatus for establishing and controlling thermal systems wherein sensing means may anticipate temperature conditions at other points, such as at the work or loads and wherein the controlled heating means are related to the thermal capacity of the system. This arrangement is particularly compatible with unique logical control wherein the temperature signal(s) is converted to a digital pulse train for logical analysis, in turn capable of controlling the heating means by discrete energy bursts. Also, the computer or logical means are capable of sounding an alarm in the event of abnormal conditions or conditions deviating from predetermined patterns.

Abstract: A heat transfer roller embodying a heat pipe is disclosed. The heat pipe is mounted on a shaft, and the shaft is adapted for rotation on its axis.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus with heat and pressure for electrophotographic copiers, the apparatus comprising a first roll 1, with which a toner image 11 on a paper 10 to be fixed comes into contact, and a second roll 2 placed in pressure contact with said first roll for rotation, said paper 10 passing between both the rolls 1 and 2, characterized in that a heat generating source 3b is provided at least in the second roll 2, a resilient material 5 having a heat-resistant releasing property is coated on the surface of the first roll 1, the surface of the second roll 2 being formed into a metal surface, and a releasing agent 7 containing a functional group is supplied to at least the surface of the second roll 2.

Abstract: Stripping apparatus for stripping copy sheets from oil wetted fuser roll surface. Apparatus including stripping finger supported on oil film through dynamic generation of pressure under bottom pad surface of stripping finger in contact with fuser roll by rotational motion of fuser roll.

Abstract: A heating-fixing device uses a heating member comprising a heat-resistant, insulative substrate and a heating element provided on the substrate. The heating element is arranged obliquely with respect to the direction in which a member to be heated is moved.

Abstract: An improved developing roller for use in the development of heat-sensitive copy sheets in a reproduction machine which comprises a hollow, thin-walled heat conducting rotatable cylinder or drum having a relatively small diameter heat pipe mounted on or embedded in its inner wall and extending substantially between the ends of said cylinder in order to provide and maintain a uniform temperature across the outer surface of said cylinder in use.

Abstract: A hollow fixing roll supported by bearing means, including a heater therewithin, an annular resin adiabatic member in the born part of the fixing roll and an annular rigid metal member disposed between the bearing means and the adiabatic member so as to cover the adiabatic member.

Abstract: A paper transport system used in connection with a thermal analog recorder is provided. This system engages the paper for a predetermined length of time and subsequently releases it employing mechanical means. Roller means are provided for engaging and transporting a heat sensitive paper. When the test paper is inserted into the nip formed between the roller means, a tapered resistor element residing on at least one of the rollers is made to develop a non-uniform temperature profile when energized from the output of a test source which permanently marks or records on the test paper. An improved method of single channel thermal analog recording is also disclosed employing this device.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and apparatus for transferring heat between two bodies separated by a narrow space and movable relative to each other, the temperature of one body dependent upon the temperature of the other body.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for heating high speed moving yarns by using a roller with a fixed core and a rotatable jacket separated from the core by a narrow gap. In operation, the gap is filled with a gas under superatmospheric pressure. A method for using the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A xerographic reproducing apparatus comprising a roll fuser structure comprising a heated roll cooperating with a backup roll to form a nip through which copy substrates are moved with toner images contained thereon contacting the heated fuser roll to thereby tackify the toner for subsequent fusing to the copy substrate upon cooling of the toner. The roll fuser is characterized by the provision of a resilient outer layer which has a non-uniform surface which layer is applied to a rigid core having a non-uniform surface which is complementary to the non-uniform surface of the silicone rubber layer.

Abstract: Roll fuser apparatus for fixing toner images to copy sheets by the application of heat and pressure. The apparatus is characterized by the provision of a backup roll which can be quickly removed from the apparatus with a minimum of handling. To this end the backup roll is supported in the apparatus by a pair of frame members which are bolted to a backup roll support member which forms an integral part of the apparatus. A pair of hook-like members support the backup roll after the bolts have been removed; therefore, the backup roll need not be handled prior to the removal of the bolts and then it can be simply lifted out of the apparatus. Replacement is likewise simple.

Abstract: Applicator structure for applying toner offset preventing liquid to a heated fuser roll structure for fusing toner images to copy sheets. The applicator structure comprises a wick member and support therefor wherein the support is characterized by having a plurality of concave surfaces each of which can cooperate with the fuser roll structure to retain a different portion of said wick member in engagement with said fuser roll structure. The support is adapted to be manually repositioned relative to the fuser roll so that each of the concave surfaces can be disposed opposite the fuser roll structure.

Abstract: A pressure heat fixing device consisting of a pair of heated fixing rollers rotating in pressure contact with one another and a temperature means supported to contact with the surface of the heated fixing roller, characterized by the provision of a suitable driving means adapted to reciprocatingly displace the said temperature detecting means along with and parallel to the axis of the heated fixing roller.

Abstract: The heat and pressure rolls of a fusing apparatus for an electrophotographic copying machine are shifted into pressure contact with one another while a support sheet bearing a toner powder image passes therebetween, and are separated while the sheet is not therebetween. A driving mechanism drives both rolls when not in contact, while one of the rolls drives the other while in pressure contact. A shifting mechanism is actuated by a sheet detector for shifting the rolls into and out of contact.In another embodiment, the rolls are in light rolling contact, with no sheet passing therebetween, under the weight of one of the rolls idly mounted in place. A pressing mechanism presses the rolls into pressure contact, upon actuation by a sheet detector, while the sheet passes between the rolls.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting trouble in a sliding contact mechanism comprising a fixed contact portion and a movable contact portion, said fixed portion being connected to an electric power source.A radio-frequency signal is generated when insufficient electrical connection is caused in the sliding contact mechanism by, for example, depositing dusts thereon, said signal being delivered to a suitable alarm device to indicate the troublesome state.

Abstract: A step and repeat camera is disclosed which includes a module for supporting a supply of film material, for metering a length of film material from the support and cutting the film to a predetermined length, a second module for supporting the cut sheet of film with the light sensitive coated surface positioned downward and moving the film along X and Y coordinates to position successive areas of the film over an image projecting lens. The support moves the film from a first film receiving conveyor to a titling area where a title is contact exposed onto the film, through the imaging section along the coordinates, and to the discharge conveyor. The third module includes apparatus for conveying the film over a DC corona bar which causes the film to adhere to a hot processing drum and to be carried thereby under a heated shoe past an AC corona bar to discharge the film, permitting the same to drop from the surface of the drum across its initial infeed path into a cooling chute.

Abstract: A device for heat fixation comprises a heating member comprising a heat resistant insulating support, a heat generating member provided on the support and a thin film of heat resistance, low surface tension and low friction coefficient overlying the heat generating member.

Abstract: For use in a xerographic reproducing apparatus, a fuser roll structure comprising a core member having a sleeve carried thereby and a heat source disposed internally or externally of the core member. The fuser roll structure is characterized by the fabrication process wherein the sleeve is elevated in temperature above the operational temperature of the fuser roll structure and/or the core is chilled below ambient or room temperature. The sleeve is then installed on the core, and the assembly allowed to return to normal room temperature thereby creating a secure shrink fit of the sleeve onto the core. Structurally, the fuser roll comprises a sleeve the inside diameter of which is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the core when the sleeve temperature is elevated above said operational temperature and/or the core is chilled below said room or ambient temperature. At the operating temperature or below the aforementioned shrink fit exists.

Abstract: An image fixing roller having a comparatively long service life and tending to resist the so-called "offset phenomenon" in which portions of the toner image on one sheet adhere to the roller and are transferred onto the next sheet bearing a toner image. The roller has a radially outer layer made of silicon rubber impregnated with silicon oil which is non-tacky, heat resistant and resilient and has hardness of 20 to 70, tear strength of 10 to 15 kg/cm and tensile strength of below 70 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A roll for fixing a toner image formed on a support sheet in electrophotography comprising a plurality of layers made of a resilient material and arranged around a core disposed about the center axis of the roll. The resilient material layer disposed nearer to the core is electrically conductive and serves to make the roll function as a heating roll. It has a higher hardness than the resilient material layers remote from the core.

Abstract: The first-state jacketed roller in an apparatus for spin drawing synthetic fiber comprises a roller rotatably mounted on a shaft and encompassing a fixed, non-rotatable inner core. The roller includes an electrically conductive tubular member coaxial with, and hermetically affixed to, the inner wall of the roller. A plurality of bore holes extend in the conductive member parallel to the roller axis and are coextensive therewith, and a heat transfer fluid fills each bore hole. The fluid divides into a liquid and a vapor phase when the roller is heated and rotation of the roller forces the liquid phase outwardly under centrifugal force into engagement with the outer portion of each bore hole.

Abstract: A fixing unit for fixing the developing powder on a copy sheet produced in a copy machine which comprises a first roller having its outer surface covered by a layer adapted to resist adhesion of the powder thereto, a second roller cooperating with the first and defining with said first roller a nip through which the copy sheet is passed by rotation of the rollers, with the face bearing the powder in contact with the surface of the first roller, and a third roller rotated in contact with the first roller carrying in its interior a plurality of selectively actuable heating units for selectively heating portions of the surface of the first roller, in accordance with the length of a copy sheet.

Abstract: A heatable drawroll for drawtwisting, draw-winding and spin-draw winding machines includes a stationary induction heating coil having a core and mounted within rotatable metal jacket. A sleeve of heat and electrical insulating material is stationarily disposed inside the jacket in radially spaced relation to the jacket and the coil to circumferentially surround the coil and form an intermediate space therewith for receiving a coolant for cooling the coil. Means are provided for supplying coolant to and removing coolant from the intermediate space. A second coolant space can also be formed between the coil and the core and be connected with the first space via coolant ducts through the coil. The sleeve may be porous so as to allow some of the coolant to flow therethrough and impinge on the inner surface of the jacket.

Abstract: Apparatus for fixing electrophotographic images carrying toner powder and comprising an upper heated fixing roller and a lower driven counter roller cooperating with the fixing roller to form a nip for the passage of image bearing sheets to be fixed, the fixing roller having a resilient tubular shell of metal or other material of high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An apparatus in which heat settable particles are affixed substantially permanently to a sheet. The apparatus includes a heated fuser member cooperating with a backup member to define a nip through which the sheet passes. A detector is in contact with the heated fuser member to measure the temperature thereof. The detector is supported so as to be universally pivotable.

Abstract: The heat and pressure rolls of a fusing apparatus for an electrophotographic copying machine are shifted into pressure contact with one another while a support sheet bearing a toner powder image passes therebetween, and are separated while the sheet is not therebetween. A driving mechanism drives both rolls when not in contact, while one of the rolls drives the other while in pressure contact. A shifting mechanism is actuated by a sheet detector for shifting the rolls into and out of contact.In another embodiment, the rolls are in light rolling contact, with no sheet passing therebetween, under the weight of one of the rolls idly mounted in place. A pressing mechanism presses the rolls into pressure contact, upon actuation by a sheet detector, while the sheet passes between the rolls.

Abstract: Mechanism for latching a backup roll into engagement with a heated fuser roll structure. The mechanism is characterized by a four pivot linkage including a first fixed pivot supporting the backup roll for movement. The linkage is so arranged as to require a minimum force for holding the backup roll in engagement with the fuser roll structure. Solenoid means serves to actuate the linkage mechanism and also provides the means for maintaining roll engagement at a substantially reduced power requirement compared to the actuating power required.

Abstract: This document discloses a stator member for rollers used in the thermal treatment of elongated materials such as filaments, yarns, slivers, rovings, etc. The structure comprises a metal support, an electric insulating spray on the support, a resistor, another layer of electrical insulator spray to cover the first coating and embedded therein and a spray on layer to construct a friction surface.

Abstract: in an electrophotographic copier including a fuser having a heated fuser roller, a thermal conservation assembly for minimizing thermal losses and facilitating roller maintenance and removal. The assembly includes first and second heat reflective members which are mounted for pivotal movement between a first position wherein the members are in close proximity with the fuser roller in order to minimize thermal losses and a second position wherein said members are out of proximity with said roller in order to facilitate access to the roller for maintenance and removal. In roller fusers having a pair of heated fuser rollers such as for duplex copy fusing, each roller is provided with a movable thermal conservation assembly.

Abstract: in an electrophotographic copier a fuser roller for fusing images to a copy. The fuser roller includes an inner rigid core of heat transmissive or heat conductive material having an outer surface of generally dome-shaped longitudinal profile and an outer resilient cover having an inner surface generally conforming to the outer surface of said core and having an outer surface of generally hour-glassed shaped longitudinal profile. The fuser roller is provided with a heating element internal to the inner core. In a duplex copier, identical fusing rollers forming a roller pair are provided to fuse images to both sides of a copy.