Abstract: A method for making a furnace for heating a glass sheet by lower electric resistance elements (50) supported by a furnace housing (12) below a roll conveyor (40) and by supplying a gas burner heated hot gas flow from a forced convection heater (56) that provides a dominant mode of external heat for heating the conveyed glass sheet from above. The furnace is manufactured by retrofitting an electric resistance heater type glass sheet furnace that initially has both lower and upper electric resistance elements (50) located below and above the roller conveyor (40). The lower electric resistance elements (50) are maintained while the upper electric resistance elements (50) are replaced with a gas burner forced convection heater (56).

Abstract: An electric heater for a motor vehicle uses heat generated by power semiconductors as the heat source. The heat output by the power semiconductors is used directly for heating. The power semiconductors are regulated by circuit regulators to be able to adjust the heating power continuously. In addition, switching devices are provided which interrupt or shut down the respective branch circuits individually in the event of short circuits in the power semiconductors.

Abstract: A heating element, preferably for oblong plate-shaped sensors for measuring oxygen concentration in internal combustion engine exhaust gas, has a conductive heating strip at one end of the heating element and electrical conductors which are connected electrically to the conductive heating strip and which supply the heating current and provide connection to the other end of the heating element. The positive temperature coefficient of the resistor material of the conductive heating strip is lower than the positive temperature coefficient of the material of at least one section of the conductors.

Abstract: A fluid temperature control device is improved to be simpler in structure, less in fluid temperature non-uniformity, and able to heat a fluid having a small light absorbability. The fluid temperature control device has a cylindrical inner vessel (20), a cylindrical outer vessel (22) surrounding the inner vessel (20), and a heating lamp (25) inserted into the inner vessel (20). Metal fins (28a) and (28b) are provided on the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the inner vessel (20). A working fluid is passed through the inner space (21) between the inner vessel (20) and the heating lamp (25) and a cooling liquid is passed through the outer space (23) between the inner vessel (20) and the outer vessel (22). Infrared rays from the heating lamp (25) heat the working fluid, and the cooling liquid cools the working fluid. This device is applicable to, for instance, temperature control of plural process chambers of semiconductor processing apparatus.

Abstract: A fryer system having a vat containing shortening, a first heater for supplying heat to the shortening, and a second heater for supplying heat to the shortening. The second heater is preferably activated only when the temperature of the shortening falls below a predetermined minimum temperature and disabled when the temperature of the shortening reaches a predetermined maximum temperature. In one preferred embodiment, the first heater is a heat exchanger with a gas burner while the second heater is an electric heating element. In another preferred embodiment, the first heater is an electric heating element and the second heater is an autotransformer supplying an overvoltage to the electric heating element. A method for operating a heating system for a fryer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A transport shield is provided for brittle glass and glass ceramic panels susceptible to scratching and fracturing to be integrated into a cooker, in particular as cooking surfaces. The transport shield remains permanently joined to the panel during installation, assembly and operation and is formed to act as a protector during mounting, a positioning aid, a separator, an elongation compensating medium and/or a sealing member and/or an inspection window in profiled panels.

Abstract: An electrical heating unit, particularly for a hair drier, comprises a first wire heating element, in particular a spiral coil wire heating element (2) having a heat conductor support comprising at least one support plate (4, 5, 6), and a heat conductor winding (7) arranged thereon. This spiral coil wire heating element serves to heat the stream of air flowing through the hair drier. At least one second wire heating element is provided, serving the function of adapting the electrical voltage for a further electrical load, particularly as a series resistor, for a direct-current motor fitted with an impeller to produce the stream of air. The second wire heating element (3) comprises a frame-type heat conductor support (8) and a heat conductor winding (9) arranged thereon which fills the free area of cross section of the heat conductor support (8). Further, the second heating element (3) is secured to the first heating element (2).

Abstract: A superheated vapor generator system comprises at least two vapor generators connectable to a controller for causing at least one of the superheated vapor generators to generate superheated vapor during a time interval in which the at least one other superheated vapor generator does not generate superheated vapor whereby at least one superheated vapor generator produces superheated vapor as desired during a selected time interval. The system may be adjusted to generate vapor substantially continuously.

Abstract: An electric multi-stage heater assembly that provides multi-level heating using a plurality of separately controllable heating elements within a housing that is readily interchangeable with standard single-stage heater housings that can be controlled by conventional power switching circuits. The multi-stage heater assembly of this invention has each electric heater element straddling a support member with a portion of the heater element extending from one side to the other to maintain the electrical continuity of the element. The support member has a plurality of cut-outs that provide space for routing the cross over portion of the heater element and sufficient clearance to accommodate the inevitable droop associated with heat cycling electric resistive heater elements. The support member is equipped with a plurality of insulators which support and electrically insulate the heater element. The insulators are arranged to cooperatively rotate within the support member to minimize sagging of the heater elements.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating rooms with electrically heated hot water tube, and a method therefor are disclosed. The apparatus for heating rooms with electrically heated hot water tube and a method therefor are constituted such that an electrically heating line made of copper and having a diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm is inserted into a hot water tube throughout the entire length thereof, so that the heating effect of the copper wire would replace the boiler and the hot water circulating means, thereby heating the rooms with a simple structure and with a convenience without loss of thermal energy.

Abstract: A converter having electrically heatable strips connected in an electrical circuit, and intertwined with non-electricvally heated thin metal strips, having an electrical connection, or anchor, from the electrically heatable thin metal strips to the non-electrically heated thin metal strips, whereby the potential difference between the electrically heatable strips non-electrically heatable thin metal strips is reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of forming a solder connection between a plurality of elongate bodies, comprises:(i) forming an initial connection between the elongate bodies by inserting them into an induction heatable connecting element of a connector, the connector comprising a dimensionally heat-recoverable sleeve and, retained within the sleeve, the connecting element and a solder insert that is in thermal contact with the connecting element; and(ii) heating the connector (a) by subjecting the connecting element to an alternating magnetic field so that it is heated by induction thereby melting the solder insert, and (b) subjecting the sleeve to hot air and/or infrared radiation, thereby causing the sleeve to recover.The apparatus for applying heat to an elongate connector, comprises a first heat source which comprises an induction coil, and a second heat source arranged to generate hot air or infrared radiation.

Abstract: Raised printing is produced on a printed sheet by applying thermography powder to a top printed surface of the sheet while printed areas on such top surface are tacky, such that the powder adheres to such printed areas and is thereafter melted in a heating section. The heating section comprises an upper heater, a lower heater, and a conveyor for conveying the sheet between the upper and lower heaters such that the upper heater heats the sheet from above while the lower heater heats the sheet from below, to melt and expand the powder.

Abstract: The invention features a high speed thermal printing mechanism having a dichotomized printing sequence. The thermal printing mechanism is particularly useful for printing postal values and indicia upon postage tape in a variable and fixed format, respectively. The variable information can be imprinted by a thermal head under the influence of a microprocessor. The fixed information can be imprinted by an etched thermal print screen.

Abstract: A surface-unit cooking appliance comprising a plurality of electric hot plates of the same type, each of the hot plates having a temperature regulator and each of the regulators having a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of a cooking vessel or a product being cooked, at least one of the hot plates being disposed in each of first and second surface cooking zones, the first zone being designed for boiling water-containing media, the at least one temperature regulator therein being designed and constructed with a temperature control range limited to a maximum temperature of 150.degree. C. (300.degree. F.) at the temperature sensor, and the second zone being designed for roasting, the at least one temperature regulator therein being designed and constructed with a temperature control range limited to a maximum temperature above 220.degree. C. (430.degree. F.) at the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a domestic cooking range of the ventilated type having surface elements and an underlying oven characterized by an extension of the ventilating fan motor shaft carrying an auxiliary fan disposed within the oven which provides forced circulation of air in the oven. The oven may thus be selectively operated in the conventional radiant heating mode or in the forced circulation or "convected" mode depending upon whether the ventilating fan motor is in operation. The oven can be held at an elevated temperature (of the order of 550.degree. F) for a time interval to accelerate catalytic self-cleaning (catalyst added to the porcelain frit covering the oven surface) because of air circulation within the oven door and passages adjacent the door, this cooling air flow being induced by operation of the ventilating fan.

Abstract: A control system for controlling energization of electrically operated heat generating apparatus included in a multizone electrical heating system. Each of the zones has at least two parallel connected heat generating stages. The second stage heat generating apparatus in any of the zones is prevented from being energized irrespective of the temperature level in the zone when the number of the first stages already activated in each of the zones is greater than a preselected fraction of the total of the first stages.