Abstract: In a thermal analysis process for investigating thermal phase transformations, a sample and a reference substance are placed into a furnace with rising temperature of a predetermined rate operated by a programmed temperature controller. The temperatures of the sample and reference substance are sensed by temperature sensors. The temperature difference is determined by a device having an output signal which is proportional to the temperature difference and which is generated by the known quasi-static heating technique. The temperature difference is automatically controlled continuously so that the thermal phase transformation of the sample takes place at a constant rate. The output signal which is function of time t, is integrated with respect to time by an integrating unit and the output signal of the integrating unit is further transformed into a signal dependent on the temperature of the sample.

Abstract: A cooking range with an acoustic sensing system for determining the boil state of the contents of a cooking utensil. The acoustic sensing system, which includes at least one acoustic sensor, is positioned on or in the cooking appliance to detect acoustic emissions in one or more specific ranges of frequencies that are characteristic of emissions resulting from the heating and boiling of liquids in a variety of cooking utensils or vessels.

Abstract: A fiber draw furnace for drawing a fiber from a preform has a thermographic sensor in combination with a thermographic profiling processor. The thermographic sensor responds to infrared energy radiating from the fiber, for providing a thermographic sensor signal containing information about the infrared energy radiating from the fiber. The thermographic profiling processor responds to the thermographic sensor signal, for providing a thermographic profiling processor signal containing information about a thermographic profile of variations in the heat emitted across the width or along the length of the fiber. The fiber is typically quartz glass. The thermographic sensor includes an infrared filter and lens combination for filtering out infrared energy outside a range of 8-12 microns radiating from the quartz fiber. The thermographic sensor includes a lens and an infrared sensor for focusing and sensing infrared energy inside a range of 8-12 microns radiating from the quartz fiber.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of an oven during preheating wherein the oven includes an oven cavity having an interior with at least one heating element for raising the temperature within the oven cavity and a temperature sensor provided for sensing the temperature within the oven cavity. The method of the present invention includes the steps of sensing the temperature within the oven cavity a plurality of times during the preheating period of the oven cycle, calculating the temperature rise within the oven cavity during the preheating period, and cycling the at least one heating element on and off during the preheating period such that the temperature rise within the oven cavity during the preheating period is controlled to match a predetermined temperature rise slope.

Abstract: The invention provides a control (15) for an electrical appliance (11) with at least one electrical operating device (13) contained in the appliance (11), the control (15) containing at least one power switching device (17). According to the invention the control (15) has a control unit (21) separate from the electrical appliance (11) and which is connected to the latter in wireless, signal-transmitting manner and essentially contains the control and regulating part for the electrical appliance. In this way an operating and control unit (21) separate or separable from the electrical appliance (11) is obtained and which when necessary can be easily inter-changed as a separate part. A basic version of an electrical appliance (11) can be upgraded with different control units (21) to a final appliance with differing operational scope. Preferably the electrical appliance is an electric cooker, particularly a hob.

Abstract: A control system for a glass touch cooktop includes a control panel including a plurality of touch control areas with touch toggle controls that correspond to a plurality of surface heater elements, and a toggle lock control that disables the touch controls areas when activated. The toggle lock control is separated from the touch control, identified with a conspicuous icon, and includes an integral indicator to readily alert a user that the system is locked. Graphical icons and integral indicators are incorporated into touch controls for user-friendly operation of the heating elements.

Abstract: A dry bath with a heat conductive block having a plurality of bores adapted to receive tubes containing samples of material. The dry bath includes a heater and a temperature sensor mounted to the block. A heat controller executes a control cycle of initially operating the heater to heat the block in the absence of the tubes to a desired temperature. Next, the heat controller automatically detects a change in temperature of the block in response to tubes being placed in the bores, wherein the samples in the tubes have a temperature different, for example, less, than the desired temperature. In that case, the heat controller operates the heater to first automatically heat the block to a temperature greater than the desired temperature. Thereafter, the heat controller automatically reduces the heat being applied to the block while heat continues to transfer to the samples such that the block and samples simultaneously reach, and are maintained at, the desired temperature.

Abstract: A pressure cooker has a hollow main body, a cover disposed on a top portion of the hollow main body, an upper joint disposed on the cover, a handle connected to the upper joint, and a heating device disposed on a bottom of the hollow main body. The heating device has a bottom casing, an upper casing engaging with the bottom casing, a thermal conducting plate disposed on the upper casing, and a thermal generating device disposed between the thermal conducting plate and the bottom casing. An electric circuit board is disposed in the bottom casing. An electric control board is disposed on the upper casing.

Abstract: To present a heating cooker that is easy to use, not requiring cook book or instruction manual, and its operating method, relating to a heating cooker for displaying the cooking procedure, types of materials, amount of materials, heating method, heating time, etc. The constitution comprises cooking setting keys for selecting the cooking method for cooking the materials, cooking time setting keys for entering the cooking time, cooking selection keys for selecting the kind of cooking such as delicatessen as mentioned in the cook book, memory for storing the materials necessary for cooking, amount, cooking tools, all cooking methods and required time, display apparatus for displaying the cooking menu, cooking time, preparation method and cooking method, and operating method of heating cooker when cooking, and control device for controlling by identifying the necessary information for each cooking selected by the cooking selection key and showing in the display apparatus.

Abstract: An automated heat treatment controller consistently controls heat treating a metallic target in a furnace according to a heat treatment recipe including a cycle temperature and a cycle exposure time. The automated heat treatment controller includes an operator interface for prompting an operator to load or remove a heat treated target. The controller further provides for commanding furnace door locks and for monitoring system performance. An automated heat treatment furnace method includes the steps of pre-heating the furnace, prompting the user to load the material, reheating the furnace to heat treatment parameters, controlling the exposure time and temperature, and prompting the removal of the material.

Abstract: A portable electrical heater including a portable housing defining an air inlet, an air outlet, and an air flow path therebetween; a blower for circulating air through the air flow path; an electrically powered heater element disposed in the air flow path; and a control board including a selector for effecting operation of the heater, and a digital display. An ambient temperature sensor and an electronic controller controls energization of the display and heater element in response to inputs from the selector and temperature sensor.

Abstract: An appliance is provided with a feedback system which audibly signals both the activation of user input controls and when the appliance reaches a certain operational stage. The system functions to adjust both of the feedback signals upon a single setting change made by a user, preferably at varying volume rates. In the preferred embodiment, the volume level for the operational stage signal is adjusted multiple times the volume level for the user input control signal as the setting is switched between any of low, medium and high settings.

Abstract: A cooking appliance includes an oven cavity having an associated access door provided with a cavity viewing window, a control panel for setting both a desired cooking function and a heat source operating time period, and a light for illuminating the oven cavity of the appliance. The light is controlled so as to be automatically activated prior to the expiration of the set time period for the selected cooking operation in order to bring the attention of the user to viewing the progress of the cooking operation without unnecessarily opening the oven cavity door. If, after viewing the food being cooked, it is determined that further cooking time is warranted, then the process of adding additional cooking time will function to re-set the automatic light activating feature of the invention.

Abstract: A food preparation system, a controller, a computer readable memory, and a method for providing precise on-line control of a heat transfer process on a food item is disclosed. The food preparation system comprises a heating and/or cooling chamber, a sensor, and a controller. The chamber is configured to transfer heat to or from the food item during a phase of the heat transfer process. The sensor is configured to sense an actual temperature in the heating and/or cooling chamber at each real time epoch of the phase. The controller is configured to control the heating and/or cooling chamber according to a scheduled time-temperature profile over the phase. It is also configured to, at each real time epoch of the phase, simulate an internal temperature in the food item based on the sensed actual temperature at that real time epoch. It is further configured to terminate the phase when the simulated internal temperature at a particular real time epoch reaches a target internal temperature.

Abstract: A toast oven is controlled by a microprocessor that is programmed to selectively determine each toasting time in accordance with a user selected toasting requirement and with an initial oven temperature. In this way the toasting time is automatically adjusted to take into account the oven temperature at the beginning of each toasting cycle. The user therefore does not have to make subjective manual adjustments to produce consistent toasting results. A time display on a panel, controlled by the microprocessor, indicates the remaining toasting time during each toasting cycle.

Abstract: A system (10) for detecting the state of a switch device (60) includes a driver circuit (40) having an output (42) operative to provide a driver output signal. An indicator (44) is electrically connected between the driver circuit (40) and the switch device (60). The indicator (44) is activated in response to the driver output signal and upon the switch device (60) being in a first state. A monitoring circuit (70), which is responsive to the switch device (60) through the indicator (44), is electrically connected to a node (64) between the indicator (44) and the driver circuit (40). The monitoring circuit (70) is operative to provide a first signal in response to the switch device (60) being in the first state and a second signal in response to the switch device (60) being in a second state. The monitoring circuit (70) controls energization of a controller (28) so as to power the controller (28) when the switch device (60) is in the first state.

Abstract: A device for disconnecting an electric appliance or a component thereof from a source of electricity including a circuit connecting the appliance or component thereof to a power source through a relay or other component to open the circuit; and a timer circuit connected to the relay. The timer circuit includes a processor for setting the timer circuit, and a manually operated switch in communication with the processor. The timer circuit is activated for a predetermined time increment by closing the switch, and the relay is closed while the timer circuit is activated. When the switch is closed again while the timer circuit is activated, an additional time increment is added to the activation period.

Abstract: A temperature control method and controller for an oven having a heater, a temperature sensor, a fan, a door, a cooking compartment and on oven on/off switch. The method includes a heat up procedure that involves running two or more heat up cycles to stabilize the cooking compartment to a cook temperature. The method also includes a time out procedure that reduces the cooking compartment temperature to a standby temperature in the event a time out period expires between the end of one cooking procedure and the start of the next cooking procedure. The method also includes an automatic cooling procedure that automatically cools the cooking compartment to a safe temperature whenever the oven on/off switch is switched from on to off.

Abstract: A pressure cooker has a main body, a cover disposed on the main body, an air vent valve disposed on the cover, a base seat, an aluminum disk, an electric heating pipe, and a temperature control device. The base seat has a hollow interior, and a chamber. The electric heating pipe is disposed in the base seat. The aluminum disk is disposed on the electric heating pipe. The hollow interior of the base seat receives a bottom of the main body. The temperature control device is inserted in the chamber. The temperature control device has a first recess hole, a second recess hole, and a temperature sensing rod. The electric heating pipe has a first end inserted in the first recess hole, and a second end inserted in the second recess hole.

Abstract: A method for substantially maintaining an average heating temperature over a period of time without the aid of a temperature sensor. The method provides an apparatus which has an ignition device that is adapted to ignite a fuel. The apparatus may be a cooking appliance or practically any other device that is adapted to heat something. The fuel may be natural gas, propane gas, or practically any other fuel that may be ignited to provide heat. Conveyance means are provided for receiving the fuel from a source of the fuel and conveying the fuel to the ignition device. A valve is interposed on the conveyance means between the ignition device and the source of fuel. In order to substantially maintain the average heating temperature over the period of time, the valve is opened and closed in a predetermined pattern such that at least a portion of the fuel conveyed to the ignition device is ignited.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detecting a condition indicative of fire or elevated potential for fire, broadcasting a signal in response to its detection and for operating various controlling devices in response to the broadcast signal in order to enable or disable valves or appliances connected to a power supply through the controllers. Also disclosed is a system having a sensor, a transmitter responsive to the sensor, a receiver for receiving signals from the transmitter and controllers responsive to a signal from the receiver for controlling devices in accordance with the method of the invention. Each of the controllers is shifted from its normal position to a second position upon the receipt of a signal from any one of the sensors, and more than one controller device may be controlled by a given receiver.

Abstract: A safety device for use in conjunction with an electric cooking stove includes a relay unit having a plug having two live pins and a neutral pin for insertion in a stove receptacle, a receptacle receiving a similar plug of a stove, a relay arrangement for interrupting connections between the live pins of the plug, and corresponding live sockets of the receptacle; and a control unit connected to the relay arrangements, the control unit generating signals to activate said relay arrangement; the relay arrangement is configured to interrupt only one at a time of the connections between the live pins and the live sockets, and the relay arrangement further includes preset switch or jumper to select which of said connections is interrupted.

Abstract: A temperature control system for electric range surface heating elements including an infinite switch electrically coupled to a surface heating element and a second switch, which selectively couples 120 VAC or 240 VAC power across the infinite switch and heating element. Alternatively, the second switch selectively couples either the infinite switch or an electronic controller to a surface heating element, wherein the electronic controller has timing circuits for cycling power supplied to the surface heating element according to a preset timing scheme within the timing circuits.

Abstract: A soldering apparatus with a safety device which operates automatically when a soldering iron is left in its on condition for a given period of time. A vibration sensor is attached to the soldering iron to sense vibrations of the soldering iron during soldering work. A heater control circuit is provided to be switched to a low-temperature mode when a period of time for which the vibration sensor does not sense the vibrations of the soldering iron continuously exceeding a set value, thereby maintaining the soldering iron at a predetermined low temperature in this situation.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus 10 is equipped with a control means for controlling the cooking condition including time and power, and a cooking condition setting means 30 for outputting a cooking condition signal to said cooking means, wherein the food to be cooked will be heated/cooked according to the time and power set by the cooking condition setting means 30. The cooking condition signal received by the cooking condition setting means 30 is a control signal outputted from a remote controller 50 equipped with a transmission means and a memory for storing the most suitable cooking conditions corresponding to each food to be cooked.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for heating hairdressing scissors, forming a unit (3) comprising openings (2, 2') which can be used as holders (7, 7') into which pairs of scissors (5, 5') can be inserted, and heating devices (6, 6'), each of the heating devices (6, 6') encircling the space into which the pair of scissors is to be inserted.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for automatically programming and controlling an oven, such as a food oven. The oven and its controller can be remotely operated over great distances by using a personal computer having a modem, and transmitting and receiving bidirectionally over a telephone interconnection, to display the cooking progress, modify a cooking sequence or prepare a new program sequence. An ergonomically designed operating panel provides an interactive intuitive method of programming the desired cooking sequences. Switch selections are monitored by a microprocessor which branches to the various preprogrammed functions. In addition, self-analysis and self-diagnostics aid the user in displaying a walk-back of the stored times and temperatures that occurred during an operating cycle before a power outage. A novel integrated oven design conserves the floor space and exhaust fan floor installation and operating costs.

Abstract: A pressure cooker has a main body, a cover disposed on a top portion of the main body, an exhaust steam valve disposed on the cover, a heat conductive disk disposed on a bottom of the main body, the heat conductive disk having a center hole receiving a temperature switch, the temperature switch disposed on a bottom center of the main body, an electric heating pipe disposed on a bottom of the heat conductive disk, and a base seat having a hollow interior receiving a lower portion of the main body, the heat conductive disk, the temperature switch, and the electric heating pipe. A timer switch and an electric source switch are disposed on the base seat.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a cooking apparatus operates at least one cooking energy source with a control including switches that reduce the input manipulations required by a user and responses to component manipulations in order to operate one or more of the cooking energy sources to complete a cooking operation. The control responds to a first selection of the Sabbath operating mode and responds to a second selection for setting a first cooking source and at least one related feature function. An actuator maintains the performance status of the cooking energy source and the related feature, and disables the selectors during maintained performance.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus includes an external memory for storing methods of cooking various dishes, genre keys to specify one out of a plurality of large groups of cooking methods produced by specifying cooking methods stored in external memory depending upon the kind of cooking, a liquid crystal display for displaying items corresponding to the one group of cooking methods specified by the genre key, select keys for selecting one out of items corresponding to the one group of cooking methods displayed on liquid crystal display, and a microcomputer for controlling a cooking operation based on the item selected by select key.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for automatically disabling power to an electrical appliance as a fire erupts. The device includes a plurality of combustion product gas sensors disposed within or proximal to an electrical appliance each in communication with an audible alarm and an electrical contactor via a relay. The electrical contactor is received within an auxiliary plug which is coupled with the appliance plug such that, when the sensors detect a predetermined concentration of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, the contactor opens to disable power to the appliance and an audible alarm is simultaneously emitted.

Abstract: A cooking appliance or an electronic control for a cooking appliance and method of controlling the same including a remote control unit which has a built-in temperature sensor, positional switch and low-battery detection circuit is in two-way intermittent wireless communication with the appliance control unit of the present invention. The appliance control unit includes a switch means for controlling the heating elements of the cooking appliance wherein the switch means for each heating element includes two power switches connected in series and coupled with a redundancy detection circuit for the detection of a failure of one of the two power switches. Two-way communication between the two control units of the present invention is constantly monitored to ensure proper operation of the cooking appliance and to provide a mechanism to report errors to the user or to shut down the cooking appliance, as appropriate, soon after an error is detected.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for temperature sensing and for detecting cracks or breakage of a windshield. A resistance element is connected to the windshield and a resistance monitoring circuit is connected to the resistance element for monitoring an electrical property of the resistance element. A physical integrity monitoring device can be connected to the resistance monitoring circuit for determining the physical integrity of the windshield based upon the monitored electrical property of the resistance element. Also, a temperature calculator can be used to determine a temperature based upon the monitored electrical property associated with the resistance element and upon a relationship between resistance and temperature that has been stored in a memory device.

Abstract: To present an operating apparatus having features including ease of operation, controllability for preventing misoperation, small size, long life, and ease of assembling. The constitution includes a base unit as skeleton of operation unit, a key operation unit (13) having plural switches disposed at the front side of the base unit, a first design sheet (12) disposed at the front side of the key operation unit (13), printing patterns at positions corresponding to each switch, a display device (11) disposed at the front side of the first design sheet (12), having light function elements (11g) for transmitting and shielding the positions corresponding to the patterns on the first design sheet (12), and a second design sheet (10) disposed at the front side of the display device (11), having windows (10b) at positions corresponding to the light function elements.

Abstract: A system coupleable to a heated wafer chuck control system provides an indication that the heated wafer chuck is operating at a temperature outside of a desired operational temperature range for the chuck. The system comprises: an operational temperature circuit for generating an operational temperature limit signal. The operational temperature limit signal is reflective of a selected operational temperature limit for a heated wafer chuck. An input circuit configured for coupling to a heated wafer chuck control system provides a chuck temperature signal which is reflective of the actual measured temperature of the heated chuck. A comparator circuit coupled to the operational temperature circuit and the input circuit compares the operational temperature limit signal to the chuck temperature signal and provides an output signal.

Abstract: A cabinet and control system for maintaining a food product within a predetermined temperature range for a holding period of time not exceeding a predetermined maximum time. The cabinet comprises a housing having a front panel and a passageway opening at the front panel. The passageway is capable of receiving at least two containers of the food product. A temperature element positioned in said passageway maintains the passageway within the predetermined temperature range. A processing circuit tracks the amount of time each container of food product remains within the passageway. The processing circuit provides a signal output indicating which container has been within said passageway the longest and an alarm signal when either container remains within said passageway beyond said maximum time. A display positioned on said housing proximate to said passageway receives the said signal output and indicates which container has been within the passageway the longest.

Abstract: A cooking medium management system and method from manipulating a cooking medium during cooking operations. The system has a controller generating a lock-out signal and a transfer signal, and selectively generating one control signal selected from the group consisting of a discard signal, a fresh fill signal, a drain signal, a filtration signal, and a polish signal. The system also has a cooking medium transfer pump and a transfer conduit for transferring the cooking medium to and from a frypot, wherein the transfer pump activates in response to the transfer signal. The system further includes a lock-out device, which receives the lock-out signal and disables a fryer heater. Moreover, this system includes a discard device, which receives the discard signal and includes the frypot, the drain pan, a drain valve and a cooking medium drain. The frypot and the drain pan are placed in communication with the transfer conduit via the drain valve.

Abstract: A cooking oven comprises convection and microwave heat sources (not shown), controls 1 and 3,4 for presetting the temperature and cook time of the oven for a food item to he cooked therein, a further control 5 for selecting a reduced time cooking routine for the oven, and a microprocessor (not shown) responsive to the operation of the further control 5 for controlling the convection heat source and/or the microwave heat source in accordance with a reduced time cooking routine which is determined by the preset temperature and cook time (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A control device installed in an electric water heater to control its operation, the control device including a water temperature control circuit and a power control circuit, the water temperature control circuit being formed of a water temperature detection circuit, which detects water temperature at the water inlet and the water outlet of the electric water heater, a water flow rate detection circuit, which detects the flow rate of water passing through the water inlet, a CPU, an indicator circuit controlled by the CPU to indicate the working conditions of the electric water heater, and a digital display controlled by the CPU to show the value of water temperature at the water outlet, the power control circuit being formed of a power supply circuit, a TRAIC triggering control circuit, which turns on the heating elements of the electric water heater alternatively subject AC phase change, a TRAIC power circuit, which provides the TRAIC triggering control circuit with the base power, an AC phase detection inpu

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for controlling the operation of a machine comprising at least one measurement sensor, one circuit to control this operation as a function of a signal sent out by the sensor and one input for the supply of alternating electrical power to the machine. This control device includes a memory known as a program memory containing a set of membership functions, a set of decision rules and a fuzzy logic program, a fuzzy logic processor used to prepare a decision signal that depends on the signal sent out by the sensor, on these membership functions and on these rules all at the same time and that is used to activate the operation of this machine with this decision signal, and in the program memory, additional membership functions that take account, as variables, of the signals available at the electrical supply input and of the rules that take account of these membership functions. The disclosure can be applied to devices for the control of electrical machines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for changing an automatic cooking program in an electric oven is disclosed. A parameter of the cooking program, such as cooking time, is automatically altered in response to a property of the electricity supplying the oven, such as line voltage. The method and apparatus are particularly well suited for use in ovens utilizing halogen tungsten lamps as sources of heat.

Abstract: A cooking appliance includes a heating unit (10) for cooking food. The unit has a heating element (34) to which electrical current is supplied for generating heat used to cook food such as chocolate and sauces set upon the heating unit. A programmable controller (16) controls the application of current to the heating element to control the heating element temperature as a function of a time and temperature profile established for cooking the food in a particular manner. A temperature sensor (38) senses the heating element temperature and supplies a signal (St) to the controller. The characteristics of this signal are a function of the sensed cooking temperature. The controller is responsive to this signal, and other inputs (24,26) such as desired cooking time, and the amount and quantity of food, to vary the amount of current supplied to the heating element. The appliance is particularly useful in being able to heat chocolate, sauces, and the like without scorching them.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for eliminating the need for an operator to make multiple key entries in order to resume cooking subsequent completion of an initial cooking cycle. In connection with an oven having an electronic controller, the controller is programmed to provide a resume feature which includes the steps of determining whether certain conditions are satisfied subsequent to completion of an initial cooking cycle, and if such conditions are satisfied, then enabling the operator to continue cooking at the same temperature as the immediately previous cooking cycle for a predetermined time period, e.g., 2 minutes.

Abstract: A heater controller for allocating heaters to cool a thermal chamber of a scientific instrument evaporates cryogenic liquid to produce a coolant gas. The gas is injected into a chamber to cool a sample disposal therein. The controller allocates low-capacity heaters in compliance with IEC guidelines to prevent problems generally associated with switching of large current loads, such as heaters. In one embodiment, heaters are activated so as to avoid jump discontinuities by effectively averaging the power delivered by the heaters. A second embodiment reduces complexity by essentially disregarding the problem of the jump discontinuity. A third embodiment groups the heaters according to a binary grouping scheme. The heater controller of the present invention can be used to control temperature according to a user supplied temperature profile.

Abstract: This is a system for controlling the heating of water in the tank, water in tank adapted to be heated by a first heater and a second heater, the system comprises a timer adapted to keep time, and a sensor to monitor the temperature of the water in the tank at a first position and the temperature of the water in the tank at a second position. The system is adapted to set a first set point temperature at a specified time and the first set point temperature is varied by the system over time. The system is also being adapted to set a second set point temperature the second set point temperature also being varied by the system over time. The system has an activator to activate the first heater to maintain the temperature of water in the tank at the first position at about the first set point temperature at a specified time. The system has an activator to activate the second heater to maintain the temperature of water in the tank at the second position at about the second set temperature at a specified time.

Abstract: A constant current annealing device for annealing a wire or surgical needle is disclosed. The device includes amplitude and time setting devices, such as thumb-wheel switches. A constant current source is connected to the current setting device. The constant current source is switchable, through a switch for example, in response to a timing signal to provide a constant current for a predetermined duration. A pair of spaced apart electrodes are clamped on the needle and a switching device is connected between the constant current source and the pair of electrodes. The voltage drop across the switching device varies to compensate for load variations, thus keeping the anneal current constant in the anneal ON mode. In the anneal OFF mode, where current is not provided to the needle, the switching device shunts a residual current away from the electrodes. The time setting device include a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a solid state relay to provide an accurate timing signal.

Abstract: A heated curling apparatus is provided including a handle. At least one of a brush attachment and a rod attachment is mounted on the handle for heating upon the supply of power thereto. Also included is a timer unit connected between a power source and the brush or rod attachment for supplying power thereto for a time interval.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting a characteristic of a product undergoing heating senses a parameter of reflected light from the product and determines a point at which the sensed parameter reaches a certain level to detect the characteristic.

Abstract: A controller for controlling the cooking of food within a cooking apparatus. The controller is comprised of a temperature sensor input for receiving an output of a temperature sensor and a system for initiating a cook of a food product based upon a set cook temperature and a set cook time. Plural indications of incremental energy that is absorbed by the food product during the cook are determined, wherein each of the plural indications of incremental energy is based upon a difference between a temperature determined at the temperature sensor input and a desired internal temperature of the food product. The end of the cook is established when the total of the plural indications of incremental energy is one of equal to and greater than an ideal energy to prepare the food product based upon the set cook time and the cook temperature.

Abstract: An operation control method of a microwave oven by which a completion preparation sound is generated before a cooking completion time to notify a user a cooking process state and a cooking completion is notified in advance to provide an allowance time for the user to prepare the cooking completion to the benefit thereto.