Abstract: A transparent heater panel having a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer formed on the transparent substrate, electrodes formed on the transparent conductive layer and a transparent protective layer formed on the transparent conductive layer except portions reserved for the electrodes with the end faces of the transparent conductive layer corrosion treated with a transparent protective plastic member or an anticorrosive; and a process for producing the same. The heater panel has improved durability against pollutants, environmental durability, reliability and light transmission.

Abstract: The present invention provides a windshield with a heating arrangement to heat the wiper rest area of the windshield. The windshield includes first and second glass sheets secured together by an interlayer. A single, continuous resistance heating wire is secured between the glass sheets and makes multiple passes through a predetermined portion of the windshield generally corresponding to the wiper rest area such that the wire generates a desired power density within the predetermined portion to heat the wiper rest area. Opposing first and second ends of the wire extend to common connection area along an edge of the windshield and a connector secured to the wire ends provides for external electrical access to the wire. The wire may also extend along a marginal edge portion of the windshield generally corresponding to its A-post area.

Abstract: A glass heating system includes a low emissivity sheet of coated glass and a capacitor for capacitive coupling the coated glass to a power source. The low emissivity glass is economical to produce and provides superior thermal properties. The low emissivity glass has a low sheet resistance and is coupled to one or more capacitors to increase the impedance of the circuit and reduce the power dissipation by the coated glass. The exact amount of power to be delivered to the coated glass can be varied by changing the capacitor. The low emissivity glass has improved thermal characteristics for use in insulating glass doors for freezers and refrigerators. In a two-paned insulating glass door, the capacitor can be conveniently mounted in the frame of the door or in the space between the two panes.

Abstract: An electrically heatable laminated glass glazing includes an inner glass sheet, an outer glass sheet and an intermediate thermoplastic film interconnecting the two glass sheets. Collector conductors constituted by foil strips serve as power supply conductors for heating resistors are embedded in the intermediate film from the side adjacent to the inner glass sheet. The free surface of the inner glass sheet is provided with a decorative frame of an opaque baking ink. An opaque coating, whose color is adapted to that of the decorative frame, is joined to the surface of the foil strip directed towards the intermediate film. The coating is preferably constituted by an inked polymer sheet having a width slightly greater than that of the foil strip.

Abstract: A portable automatic windshield defroster having a housing, including a housing top and a housing bottom. The housing further includes a housing left and a housing right. The housing left is securely attached to a proximal end of the housing left egress and is sealably connected to a housing left connector which functions to cover the housing left egress. A housing left diffuser is sealably connected to a distal end of the housing left connector. The housing bottom has a housing bottom inlet therethrough. The housing bottom further comprises a housing bottom attachment means secured thereto and functions to removably affix the housing bottom to a vehicle dashboard. The portable automatic windshield defroster further comprises a primary power means, which may include a cigarette lighter cord.

Abstract: An electrically heating windshield glass has two glass plates; a polyvinylbutyral sheet interposed between the two glass plates; a pair of bus bars provided at peripheral portions of the glass plates and between them; and a number of tungsten wires connected between a pair of the bus bars. The diameter of the tungsten wires or the space between adjacent tungsten wires is continuously and/or stepwisely changed in response to a change of the distance between the bus bars.

Abstract: A controlled atmosphere incubator having an interior chamber surrounded by a heated water jacket. A glass access door of the chamber is directly heated by a clear, electrically conductive coating. The door is sealed against the perimeter of the opening by a readily replaceable gasket and is field reversible due to unique hinge mounting assemblies. An easily accessed blower assembly is located within the chamber and includes a HEPA filter readily replaceable by the user from within the chamber. A filtered air exchange system is provided for limiting the maximum level of humidity in the chamber. The incubator control maintains constant power output from the blower motor so that the heat output of the motor is also constant. A voltage compensated temperature control is also provided for the heaters associated with the water jacket. Compensation for environmental conditions inside the chamber is also provided by the control for producing more accurate readings of carbon dioxide levels.

Abstract: A transparent heating plate and transparent heating device for examination of specimens under a microscope can heat the entire transparent conductive film between electrodes of the transparent heating plate with a small difference in temperature. The transparent heating plate can also heat the vicinity of the center of the transparent heating plate used for examination at substantially a uniform temperature regardless of the shape of the transparent heating plate or the structure of the transparent heating plate. The transparent heating plate may also prevent electromagnetic waves generated from the transparent heating plate from flowing into objects put on the outer side of the transparent heating plate. A further embodiment of a transparent heating plate prevents scattering of broken pieces of glass should the transparent heating plate break.

Abstract: Main electrodes 3, 4 are formed on the inner surface of a flexible insulating sheet 2 along opposed edges thereof, and junction electrode sections 3a, 4a are formed on the main electrodes at their central portions. Comb-toothed sub-electrodes 7, 8 extend from the main electrodes 3, 4 into interdigitated relation, and a layer of electrically resistive material 9 is formed over the main and sub-electrodes. Electrically conductive paths 5, 6 are formed on the inner surface of a terminal mounting substrate to which terminals are attached, and one ends of the conductive paths 5, 6 are connected with the corresponding junction electrode sections 3a, 4a while the other ends thereof are connected with the terminals to be connected to a power supply. The terminal mounting substrate with the terminals is bonded to the insulating sheet.

Abstract: A molded article comprising a molded body and one or more layers of heat shielding material attached to the molded body and a method of making same. The heat shielding material is placed on localized areas of the molded article which are exposed to elevated temperatures. The molded article may be a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) which comprises a fibrous material containing a resin or alternatively, the molded article may be a thermoplastic material with or without reinforcement.

Abstract: The wiper rest area of an automotive windshield is heated by a heatable member optionally mounted on a polyester substrate or heating element. The windshield includes outer and inner glass sheets secured together by an interlayer. The heating element is positioned on inner surface of the outer glass sheet and held in position by the interlayer securing the inner and outer sheets together. The heating element or heatable member has extensions extending beyond the edge of the windshield to provide external electrical access to the heatable member to power the heating element to heat the wiper rest area or position.

Abstract: An electric heating attachment adds heating elements to the interior of the windshield to prevent the buildup of ice under the rest zone of the windshield wipers. The accessory plugs into the vehicle cigarette lighter socket. A heat imparting strip is positioned in the vicinity of the vehicle's windshield wipers to prevent ice accumulation. The heating elements concentrate a predetermined limited amount of electric heating on the rest area of the windshield wipers, to prevent the accumulation of ice thereto.

Abstract: A laminated window includes at least one rigid external substrate (5) and a sheet made of flexible plastic material (6) which is adjacent to the substrate (5). The window is equipped with an electrostatic protection circuit which is capable of dissipating the charges which have accumulated on the external sheet (7). This circuit includes conducting elements (2) which cross through at least the substrate and at least one part of the sheet made of plastic material (6). The conducting elements (2) are connected to a collector element (3) which is connected to the ground (4) and embedded in the sheet made of flexible plastic material (6).

Abstract: A glazing panel includes at least one sheet of vitreous material; a conductive transparent coating which is provided on at least one face of at least one sheet of the at least one sheet of vitreous material and which constitutes a heating element for the glazing panel when connected to an electrical power source; and a control circuit for controlling heating power output of the glazing panel, the control circuit including adjustable means for controlling the heating power output to a preselected level as a function of voltage of the electrical power source and electrical resistance of the heating element.

Abstract: A reflow apparatus includes a reflow furnace. A transfer device holds and transfers printed circuit boards with to-be-reflowed electronic components thereon from an inlet to an outlet of the furnace within the furnace. A plurality of adjusting/circulating sections separate an ambient gas for heating the printed circuit boards into predetermined temperature regions in the furnace in which the ambient gas is circulated in a heated state. A feed port is formed in the furnace to feed the ambient gas into the furnace under pressure. Residence parts each provided between adjacent adjusting/circulating sections regulate the amount of the ambient gas when the ambient gas, after having been sent to and heated in the adjusting/circulating section adjacent to the feed port, is circulated and sequentially moved to the adjusting/circulating sections at the inlet or the outlet and finally flows out through the inlet or outlet into atmosphere.

Abstract: A multiple terminal assembly includes a plurality of connectors secured within a housing in close proximity to and electrically insulated from each other. The terminals include an electroconductive strip extending outwardly from one side of the housing and an electroconductive tab extending outwardly from an opposite side of the housing. The terminals are spaced apart a fixed, predetermined distance along the housing so that when the assembly is used to supply electrical power to a structure having current carrying members extending to a connection area along an edge portion of the structure, each of the terminal strips is aligned with one of the current carrying members at the connection area and each of the tabs is aligned with a corresponding connector of a multiple connector harness assembly.

Abstract: A toy oven has a heating compartment accessible through an aperture in a front wall of a housing of the oven. A door is provided which is manually movable to close off the aperture. IN one embodiment, the door is slidably mounted and in another embodiment it is pivotally mounted. A mechanical interlock engages the door to prevent it from opening if the electrical power switch is on. Another mechanical interlock prevents the door from opening when the heating compartment is at a high temperature. The oven is thus safe to use by children in normal play. A fan may be provided to cool the heating compartment when the power switch is turned off and is thereafter automatically turned off after a predetermined time or when the temperature in the heating compartment falls to a safe level. A timer may also be provided to automatically switch power off after a predetermined time of inactivity.

Abstract: A windshield temperature control system (200) monitors aircraft operating (240) and environmental (246) conditions, and determines, based on the fixed physical properties of the windshield (250,251 ), a required film temperature necessary to produce a heat output to maintain the internal and/or external temperature of the windshield at a desired temperature. The heat output is based on a total heat loss including internal heat loss and external convective, evaporative, sensible and radiation heat loss, and a film temperature error defined as the difference (340) between required film temperature and actual film temperature is applied via proportional (355) and integral (350) control paths to produce zero steady state film temperature error. The desired external temperature is selected to be sufficiently above freezing, i.e., 0.degree. C.

Abstract: A goggle (11) that includes an electrical defogging system includes a frame (13) and a transparent lens (15). The transparent lens includes an outside layer(51 or 61) and inside layer(53 or 63) spaced from the outside layer by a peripheral gasket (55 or 65). The inside layer has an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating. The ITO coating includes an interior heating zone (33) that is electrically isolated from the edge of the inside layer. Silver bus bars (45, 47) are printed atop the ITO coating along the opposing edges of the interior heating zone adjacent the top and bottom of the goggle lens. The edge isolation regions and the bus bars are positioned and oriented such that the region (48) where the bus bars cross the nose area(41) of the goggle lens is isolated from the interior heating zone(33). Further, the bus bar that passes along the bottom of the goggle lens extends upwardly along one side of the lens. The side section of this bar is electrically isolated (39 ) from the interior heating zone.

Abstract: Safety glass, known to consist of glass panels having an interposed plastic ply to minimize shattering, is converted by the within method into an auto windshield having a wiper deicing function by the application of resistive conductive coatings forming a circuit along the glass panel bottom edges insulated by the plastic ply, which circuit is heat-generating when connected to the auto battery and thus effective to deice the wiper which in an at-rest position is near enough to the heat source to benefit therefrom for the purposes intended.

Abstract: An electrically heated window assembly and method for heating a movable front door window (side lite) of a motor vehicle defrosts and deices the front window by producing a concentration of heat at the portion of the front window through which an operator or passenger of the vehicle views an exterior rear view mirror. To heat the window, a current flows between a first bus bar, positioned along the front edge of the window, and a second bus bar, positioned along the rear edge of the window. A conductive film provides the current path between the respective bus bars. A nonconductive break is formed in the conductive film substantially along the nominal door line of the window to prohibit heating of the window below the nominal door line. The first bus bar may preferably be arcuately-shaped to provide a uniform heating pattern on the window. Various control devices, such as temperature sensors and position sensors, are used to control the heating process.

Abstract: A display glazing which is fitted to a refrigerated display case and which prevents moisture condensation thereon, comprising a shaped glazing having at least a portion of one side thereof provided with a low emissivity coating, conductive current input strips placed on the glazing in contact with the low emissivity coating which define coated zones of the glazing which are heated by the Joule effect upon the passage of electrical current between the conductive strips, and a means for determining if atmospheric conditions are such that condensed moisture is likely to form on the exterior surface of the unheated glazing.

Abstract: A flow heater (11) has a stainless steel tube (1Z), around which is externally placed a polyimide (KAPTON) insulating film (14) with an overlap (15). Under pretension is wound onto the same a metallic resistance material heating tape (17), so that the resulting elasticity reserve, also at operating temperature, ensures a good application of the heating tape to the film. Temperature switching devices for preventing excess temperatures or running dry can be fitted in the overlap area (15).

Abstract: A window glass comprising at least one sheet of glass coated with an electroconductive ITO layer, pyrolyzed from powdered components, combined with a flexible plastic material of the PVB, PU, PVC type, with an index approaching more the index of the ITO layer than the index of air, with which the said layer is coated, and a sheet of glass dyed in the mass, with the same color as the ITO layer, and with properties of reduced energy transmission also entering advantageously into the composition of the window glass is provided. The invention particularly applies to the production of heated windshields for automobiles.

Abstract: The mirror assembly uses a non-reflective conductive coating as a heating element for preventing fog formation on a mirror exposed to a humid environment such as is found in a bathroom. As compared to conductive reflective mirror coatings, the non-reflective conductive coatings used in this invention have a relatively high resistance, which allows high reflectivity mirrors to be made fog-free. The conductive coatings may be split into separate conductive elements with one or more scribe lines in order to control the length of the conductive path from inlet bus to outlet bus. The buses may be made from an ultra thin foil tape, which can be adhered to the conductive coatings, and which is solderable for securement of power lines thereto. Such a bus tape possesses both in plane and through plane conductive characteristics and can easily be cut to any length desired for the mirror sizes being produced.

Abstract: A window defogging system that comprises a power supply and an optically clear overlay includes a sheet of heat-stabilized polyester (13) having a hard coat layer (15) on one surface and an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer (17) on the other surface. The ITO layer (17) is scored around its periphery (19) to create a groove that electrically isolates the edge of the ITO layer from an interior heating zone (23). Additional grooves create electrically isolated regions (26a, 26b, 28a and 28b). Multiple layers of silver are printed atop the ITO layer (17), along opposing edges of the interior (heater) zone (23), to create bus bars (25a, 25b). The bus bars end at terminal regions (29a, 29b) that are connected directly to the power supply. The housing (61) of the power supply is supported by connectors mounted in the optically clear overlay. In some versions of the invention, a dielectric layer (33a, 33b) is located along a portion of the bus bars, between the multiple layers of silver.

Abstract: A thermal probe for measuring and controlling the temperature of a transparent, multi-panel assembly in which one of the panels has an electrically conductive coating which serves as a radiant heat source. A sensor, urged against the panel having the coating, senses the temperature of this panel and controls a power source which powers the coating. A compressible spacing member, fitted between the sensor and the other transparent panel, urges the sensor into proximity with the panel being measured and controlled.

Abstract: The mirror assembly uses a reflective coating as a heating element for preventing fog formation on a mirror exposed to a humid environment such as is found in a bathroom. As compared to other typically reflective mirror coatings, the coating used in this invention has a relatively high resistance. The coating may be split into separate conductive elements with one or more scribe lines in order to control the length of the conductive path from inlet bus to outlet bus. The buses are made from an ultra thin foil tape which can be adhered to the reflective coating and which is solderable for securement of power lines thereto. The bus tape possesses both in plane and through plane conductive characteristics and can simply be cut to any length desired for the mirror sizes being produced.

Abstract: A resistive sheet electrical mirror heater is provided for defogging a bathroom mirror. The heater may be retrofitted to a standard wall-mounted mirror. An elongated frame member rests along the top of the mirror and contains electrical circuitry. A planar heater sheet extends downwardly from and is supported by the frame member between the mirror and the wall. A power cord for connecting directly to a household outlet may extend from either end of the frame member.

Abstract: This invention refers to an electric heating system for subsea flexible pipelines (13) including the circulation of an electric current which runs through the metallic armorings (31) of the flexible pipeline (13), generating energy and dissipating a certain amount of heat to the pipeline (13) and to the fluid contained inside same, maintaining the temperature differential between the environment and the production line, so as not to interrupt the fluid flow.

Abstract: A thermal probe for measuring and controlling the temperature of a transparent, multi-panel assembly in which one of the panels has an electrically conductive coating which serves as a radiant heat source. A sensor, urged against the panel having the coating, senses the temperature of this panel and controls a power source which powers the coating. A compressible spacing member, fitted between the sensor and the other transparent panel, urges the sensor into proximity with the panel being measured and controlled.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an electrically heatable coated transparency, particularly useful as a vehicle windshield, is disclosed. The method involves sputtering on a substrate surface layers of metal oxide, metal-containing primer, infrared reflective metal, metal-containing primer and metal oxide to produce an electroconductive coating, and applying first and second bus bars to the substrate in contact with the coating.

Abstract: An laminated article heater terminal assembly and connector for electrically uniting a source of electricity with a conductive polymer film laminated between two nonconductive materials. The terminal assembly includes a conductive metal foil tab and a terminal body further including dimples and first and second foldable shoulders which act in unison to mechanically grasp the conductive metal foil tab. A plurality of terminal assemblies are then captivated in a connector.

Abstract: A method of producing a screen for printing a heating line pattern which comprises the steps of: depositing a first photosensitive emulsion layer on a screen, masking a predetermined portion of the first photosensitive emulsion layer corresponding to a heating line pattern comprising bus bars and heating lines, exposing the first photosensitive emulsion layer except the masked portion to form the first cured emulsion layer, removing the unexposed portion of the first photosensitive emulsion layer to form the permeable portion in the first cured emulsion layer, depositing a second photosensitive emulsion layer at least on the first cured emulsion layer adjacent to the permeable portions corresponding to the bus bars, masking predetermined portions of the second photosensitive emulsion layer on the first cured emulsion layer, exposing the second photosensitive emulsion layer except the masked portions to form a second cured emulsion layer comprised of unmasked exposed portions, and removing the unexposed portio

Abstract: A heated wiper blade has a conductive elastomer body and a pair of electrodes along each side of the body. The elastomer which has a resistivity in the range of 20-128 ohm-cm and a hardness of Shore A 64-70 comprises a rubber compound including carbon black in the range of 37-60 phr, a small amount of graphite in the range of 13 to 20 phr and a low concentration of plasticizer oil in the range 20-40 phr.

Abstract: The electrical connections for an electrically heatable windshield are sealed prior to the laminating operation to prevent gas from entering the interior of the windshield through the bus bar leads when the windshield is subjected to the elevated temperatures and pressures of the laminating operation.

Abstract: A terminal connector for a heated window, a heated window provided with a plurality of terminal connectors constructed and arranged for simultaneous engagement to corresponding terminals of a multiple terminal housing and a method of assembling a heated window provided with at least two of said terminal connectors in a terminal connection area along a side edge of said heated window.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing superior optically clear laminates having a sheet of semi-rigid material encapsulated in a thermoplastic interlayer between layers of rigid material such as glass. Pre-cooled laminate elements are assembled at reduced temperature, allowing positioning of the sheet of semi-rigid material in the interlayer of the assembly with minimal wrinkling, formation of air bubbles or entrapment of moisture. Thereafter, the laminate assembly is maintained under vacuum for an extended period of time, substantially eliminating wrinkling, air bubbles and moisture from between the laminate elements as well as pre-forming the semi-rigid sheet. Bonding heat and pressure is then applied, first heating the assembly to "tack" the laminate elements together, and next applying heat and pressure for bonding the laminate elements.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heated window having at least three heatable zones and at least one of the heatable zones is generally centrally located on the window and can be heated faster to a higher temperature than the other of the zones for faster defogging and deicing of that particular zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to the welding of components made of heat-fusing plastic, using an electrical heating resistor arranged in the thickness of a connection component.According to the invention, the resistor is a thin electrically conductive layer advantageously formed on a supporting film made of heat-fusing plastic and capable of causing the tearing of the layer at a specific temperature corresponding to the welding temperature of the components.The invention is used particularly for the thermal welding of polyethylene pipes used in the gas industry.

Abstract: An electric heating device for heating and deicing the wiper rest zone of a vehicle windshield includes a resistance heating wire of either circular or rectangular cross-section attached to the exterior surface of the windshield along the lower edge thereof and outside the normal range of vision therethrough by means of an electrically non-conductive tape extending lengthwise of the wire. An arcuate or trapezoidal cross-section layer of electrically non-conductive sealant completely covers the tap and wire to provide water tight encapsulation thereof. The adhesive tape may be 4 provided with holes to allow the sealant to penetrate therethrough and form a mechanical interlock between the tape and windshield. The wiper blade is adapted to contact the sealant layer. The device may also be applied to the lower edge of the rear or side windows of a vehicle to melt ice or snow which may accumulate thereat.

Abstract: An electrically heated vision unit, such as a windshield, has bus bars extending substantially parallel to, and spaced from, each other in contact with an electrically conductive film provided on a surface of a transparent substrate. One bus bar extends laterally beyond the corresponding end of the opposite bus bar, an end portion at such corresponding end of the opposite bus bar being recessed away to avoid excessive current density at such recessed end portion.

Abstract: A laminated transparency with an electroconductive coating positioned within the laminate. An edge coating composition is applied about the periphery of the laminate to seal the edge of the coating and prevent coating degradation.

Abstract: Positive temperature coefficient thermistors are mounted in heat transfer relationship to a support member of a material that is pervious to light. The thermistors are positioned on the support member to provide a large unobstructed area through which light may pass. The self-limiting nature of the thermistors eliminates the need for a separate temperature responsive heater control switch. The heater is useable for heating liquid crystal displays, and allows back lighting of such displays by a light source positioned on the opposite side of the heater from the display.

Abstract: A heat-treatment furnace comprising a process tube for containing an object of treatment, a heater surrounding the process tube, and an infrared impermeable member located on the process tube side of the heater and at least one the side of an open end of the process tube through which the object of treatment is carried in and out.

Abstract: A glazing which is electrically heated and reflective of heat rays is equipped on the surface directed toward the passenger compartment of a vehicle with conductors obtained by baking metallic silver enamel and also with a semi-reflecting layer consisting of a metal compound which is resistant to abrasion and corrosion, in particular titanium nitride. The semi-reflective layer of titanium nitride is deposited after baking the enamel conductors by a vacuum deposition technique.

Abstract: Positive temperature coefficienct thermistors are mounted in heat transfer relationship to a support member of a material that is pervious to light. The thermistors are positioned on the support member to provide a large unobstructed area through which light may pass. The self-limiting nature of the thermistors eliminates the need for a separate temperature responsive heater control switch. The heater is useable for heating liquid crystal displays, and allows back lighting of such displays by a light source positioned on the opposite side of the heater from the display.

Abstract: An anti-frost system for the windshield of a motor vehicle has a heating element incorporated in the windshield. The system has an atmospheric temperature sensor, a relative humidity sensor and a windshield temperature sensor. Signals from the atmospheric temperature sensor and the relative humidity sensor are inputted to a calculator circuit which calculates a saturated steam temperature from the input signals. The saturated steam temperature and the windshield temperature are delivered to an operation circuit, which determines that frosting on the windshield is expected under a combined condition to the windshield temperature and the saturated steam temperature and which turns a transistor on to close a switch to energize the heating element for preventing frosting in advance.

Abstract: Process for the production of contact strips on substrates, especially on plates of mineral glass. These substrates are provided with an electrically conductive surface coating which is coated on the side facing away from the substrate with at least one surface layer of a dielectric material. For the production of the contact strips, a noble metal suspension in a liquid is deposited according to the invention on the surface layer in the pattern of the contact strips. Then the substrate with the pack of layers is exposed to a heat treatment at at least 100.degree. C. until a lowered total resistance occurs through the conductive surface coating between the contact strips.

Abstract: An electric field detector for a heatable windshield includes detector lines which extend around a portion of the perimeter of the windshield between the edge of the windshield's electroconductive coating and the leads to one of the windshield bus bars and are electrically insulated from the coating, bus bars and leads. The detector lines are electrically interconnected to the coating by a tab at a predetermined location between the bus bars. As electrical current passes through the coating, voltage in the coating at the predetermined location is monitored and the current to the coating is interrupted in response to predetermined variations in the measured coating voltage.