Abstract: A pliable high wattage electrical resistance contact heater which is operable at two wattage densities and which includes a first heating element which is thermostatically controlled so as to activate at predetermined ambient and/or surface temperatures and a second overlapping heating element which is continuously activated when the heater is connected to a source of electrical power supply.

Abstract: A heating element for an air flow comprises a channel shaped bracket including a base and side walls at right angles thereto within which is mounted a pair of mica sheets arranged parallel to the base and at right angles to the sides and connected to the sides by ribs longitudinally of the sides with transverse slots within which the sheets slide. Each sheet is wrapped with a heating wire formed into helical coils so that each side of the sheet carries a plurality of parallel helical coil portions with connecting portions wrapped over the edges of the sheet. The sheets are symmetrical and one is inverted relative to the other. Each sheet carries at ends thereof a male and a female connector of the blade and receptacle type so that the blade of one sheet engages into the receptacle of the other sheet.

Abstract: A modular type heating unit or assembly having particular utility for use in a high temperature electric furnace, preferably in a group arrangement, comprises an insulating fibrous refractory block, a pair of spaced apart support rods, inner and outer support tubes and a heating element. Both the heating element and the support rods are formed of alloys to enable operation at relatively high temperatures. By utilizing this concept of modular element/insulation units, furnaces can be operated at relatively higher temperatures than is currently possible for exposed electrical element type furnaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for heating, by infrared radiation, fixed on a wall 3 or beneath the ceiling of a room of a building, comprising a flat infrared radiation emitter constituted by a sheet 5 made of an electrically conducting material connected to a source 15, 16 of supply of low-voltage electric current, characterized in that the electrically conducting sheet 5 forms part of at least one composite band 4 and it is coated, on its face turned towards the interior of the room to be heated, with a thin black layer, with high emissive power, and, on the opposite side, with a sheet 8 forming reflector of the infrared radiation in the direction of the interior of the room.

Abstract: A high-speed, high temperature electrical heater construction, including an elongate air-tunnel, and a plurality of PTC resistance members insulatedly mounted in the walls of the air tunnel, and extending transversely thereof. The PTC resistance members have oppositely disposed terminal portions for connection to an electrical supply, for energization of the members.

Abstract: A dual element comprises two electrical heating elements of different ratings. Each heating element has first and second terminals. The second terminals of the two heating elements are secured to a common clip, which is wired into an appropriate electrical circuit. The heating element first terminals are secured to respective clips. A second wire of the circuit is connected to a selected one of the first terminal clips, thereby determining the power rating of the dual element. A jumper is provided that is selectively installable between the two first terminal clips. With the jumper installed, the second wire may be connected to either of the first terminal clips to thereby place the two heating elements in parallel. The rating of the dual element is then the sum of the ratings of the two individual heating elements. In that manner, the dual element is operable at three different ratings.

Abstract: A flexible electric heating pad has a plurality of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) ceramic thermistor chip heating elements arranged in a two dimensional array between first and second flexible planar sheets of electrically conductive material, preferably woven of copper wire or other electrically conductive fibers. The PTC thermistor chips are disposed in spaced openings in a flexible dielectric separator disposed between the sheets and each chip has opposed planar surfaces soldered, welded or brazed to the sheets to establish electrical and thermal contact therewith. An outer flexible dielectric material covers the external surfaces of the sheets to prevent grounding or shock. A metallic enclosure, for example of stainless steel, can be formed over the outer dielectric material to add corrosion or abrasion resistance to the flexible heating pad.

Abstract: An indirect heating apparatus placement under floor or wall surfaces in which the heat is generated in one direction into the room to be heated and includes simplified insulation elements having clamping type connections which are removably attached to the heating coils, and can be adapted for unlimited varieties of room shapes and sizes. The heating coil is surrounded by high insulating material except for the surface facing the room to be heated. Consequently, indirect radiant heat can be projected in essentially one direction.

Abstract: An electrical heating element module particularly useful for heating the teeth of a hair comb or pick includes a pair of parallel, side-by-side spaced elongated central conductors having wound thereon a fibrous inorganic electrical insulation material, such as glass yarn, with the opposite ends of each central conductor exposed. An electrical resistance heater wire is wound over the glass insulation yarn on one central conductor and then over the yarn of the other central conductor and making contact with a corresponding end of each central conductor thereby providing effectively one electrical resistance heater. The central conductors are vertically supported by a flat insulator having a pair of sockets provided with spring contacts for establishing electrical connection to the remaining exposed ends of the central conductors.

Abstract: A mineral-insulated parallel type heating cable has at least two copper or other high conductivity busbars and a plurality of separate heating elements each confined to a zone of the cable that is short compared with its total length (e.g. around 21/2 to 5 ft). Each of the heating elements is made up of a plurality of sections of metallic high resistance material which extend longitudinally (physically parallel) and connected electrically in series, while the element as a whole is connected across the two busbars. The preform for making the cable is preferably assembled by a technique using insulating material in preformed blocks.

Abstract: A ceramic heater for regenerating a fine particle collecting filter which is exposed to exhaust gases at elevated temperatures. This ceramic heater comprises two electrode potions, a heat generation portion connected to the two electrode portions and a holding projection portion of a ceramic heater connected to the side of the heat generating portion. The two electrode portions, the heat generating portion and the holding projection portion are formed integrally.

Abstract: A heater assembly and mounting arrangement are provided for a clothes dryer in which a heater box carrying the heater element is positioned within the dryer cabinet and is accessible for servicing and replacement from the front of the dryer. A rear end of the heater box slip fits into an air conduit which channels heated air into the dryer drum. The heater box is secured by a single bracket near the front of the dryer. The heater element is separately removable from the heater box, being slidably mounted between opposed grooves in the box and secured by a single threaded fastener.

Abstract: Crankcase heater including heat-generating electrical resistance elements and the method of manufacturing such heaters. The resistance elements include at least one positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater element, platelet in form, adhesively bonded between a pair of metallic conductor-electrodes using an electrically conductive adhesive of high thermal conductivity. The electrodes formed for integral connection to electrically conductive lead wires serve as heat sinks dimensioned in length to provide a heater of predetermined wattage. The assembly of resistance elements, electrodes and lead wire connections are molded within the sheath of electrical insulation which is a silicone elastomer, having ceramic particles dispersed therein for enhanced thermal conductivity. The insulated heater is dimensioned in cross section so that when disposed within the well of a crankcase (compressor) its outer surface will leave a clearance which is less than thermal expansion of the silicone elastomer.

Abstract: A rigid frame supported resistor for dynamic braking of electric and diesel-electric locomotives has certain of the frame elements cushioned or insulated from each other and the resistance ribbon insulated and cushioned from the frame. Organic insulating material in molded or sheet form, preferably a copolymer, such as a polyester resin, protected by a metal heat shield, may be used for structural frame members, or for cushioning and insulating metal structural frame members. The organic insulating resistant is supplemented by ceramic insulating material in locations subject to high heat.

Abstract: A band-form, electrically heat-generating apparatus having two parallel electrodes and resistance elements intervened therebetween over the entire length of the electrodes, and connected to both the electrodes in parallel and individual feeding points on each of the respective electrodes, which apparatus is characterized in that the feeding point to one of the electrodes and that to another of the electrodes are located at diagonal positions relative to the parallelogram formed by the two electrodes and the outermost two of the resistance elements to form a heat-generating unit. A plurality of such a heat-generating apparatus may be formed by connecting such a heat-generating unit in series to form a heat-generating apparatus; and the electrically heat-generating apparatus may further be provided with a circuit for detecting or protecting voltage abnormalities. With the above apparatus, a more uniform heat generation is possible as compared with conventional apparatus.

Abstract: An electrical heating device for a mirror includes a pair of electrically conductive heating lining plates providing for heat distribution on a mirror, and electrical conductors connected to the plates for connecting the plates to a source of power. An insulating layer is disposed between the plates, the insulating layer having openings, and PTC resistor platelettes disposed in the openings and in electrical contact with the pair of plates. One of the plates has a larger area than the insulating layer such that an outer peripheral edge portion of the one plate is spaced outwardly of the outer peripheral edge of the insulating layer, the other of the pair of plates not being larger in area than the insulating layer. The larger of the plates is adapted to be adhered to the backside of a mirror glass for defogging and demisting the mirror.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant long heater is formed by encasing segments of metal-sheathed, mineral-insulated, electrical resistance heating elements within a metal oversheath which oversheath is substantially completely impermeable and is compressed inwardly to create metal-to-metal contacts between the sheath and the encased elements.

Abstract: A self-regulating electric heater includes a plurality of ceramic PTC resistors having flat contact surfaces on their opposite sides disposed between a pair of flat electrode plates with the contact surfaces in electrical and thermal contact with the plates. A support frame of electrically insulative material is formed with receiving portions respectively for the PTC resistors and the electrode plates to positions and hold the resistors and plates in assembled relationship for insertion as a single assembly into a closed-end cavity in a metallic radiator with the electrode plates in good heat transfer contact with the inner wall surface of the cavity. The frame is provided with spring seats receiving springs which coact with the radiator to bias the support frame into the cavity to insure stable intimate thermal contact between the electrode plates and inner cavity wall. The PTC resistors may be provided with chamfered edges along the peripheries of the flat contact surfaces thereof.

Abstract: The resistor assembly includes a plurality of resistor sections each in the form of resistive plates in which slots have been cut to provide a continuous resistive element of low inductance. The resistor sections are stacked together with thin insulating sheets separating adjacent resistor sections. The resistor sections are serially interconnected. Taps are provided on selected resistor sections to form a plurality of serially connected resistors in which each resistor is electrically isolated from an adjacent resistor but closely thermally coupled thereto. The resistive plates are bound together by discrete bands of an insulating material such as glass cloth tape. Epoxy impregnation allows the resistor assembly when connected in shunt with series connected superconductive coils to be immersed in the liquid helium of a magnet cryostat without causing excessive pressure rise during a quench event.

Abstract: An electric heater adapted to be extended through an aperture in a tank wall for immersion in a fluid to be heated includes an elongated heater block structure formed by a metal core cast in a tubular metal shell. The core has a plurality of axially extending cavities, each removably receiving an individual elongated electric heating element having a terminal end extending from an open end of the cavity. An end plate secured to the shell of the heater provides a radially projecting flange for use in connecting the heater to the tank. The terminal end of each heating element projects through the end plate and the wall of a terminal box. Packing devices are provided around the heating elements to seal apertures in the end plate and terminal box wall through which the heating elements extend. The terminal box is spaced from the end plate to isolate the box from the heater block and the tank in order to minimize the possibility of leakage of liquid into the box.

Abstract: A heat generating element particularly well suited for use in an electrical space heater and method of making same include an electrically nonconductive substrate on which is coated a layer of an electrically nonconductive ceramic material having finely divided, micron size metallic particles dispersed therein. A path of electrical conductivity is established in the otherwise nonconductive ceramic material by burnishing the surface of the ceramic material between two separated points. Thus, as electrical current flows along the burnished path, heat will be generated due to the electrical resistance thereof.

Abstract: The electric heater herein disclosed is particularly adapted to heat a fluid and to provide a broad, substantially flat heater surface exposed to the fluid to be heated. The heating element is well adapted for deep fat frying use in that it is of high voltage and is economical to manufacture. The invention makes use of standard elongated, tubular, metal-sheathed heaters which are produced in large quantities for a multitude of uses. Such elements are slid into a metal tube of selected diameter and wall thickness, and the assembly is flat-pressed in appropriate sections with the ends round for termination with such fittings as are required. The assembly may then be bent to produce a desired configuration.

Abstract: An electric heater incorporating simple support structure therefor. A frame is insulated from an electric resistance heater coil by insulated supports mounted within beam members of the frame. The supports incorporate structural features enabling the use of simplified supporting beams. The support insulators include additional structural features for retaining the resistance wire in place and for simplified engagement therewith. The insulators may project on both sides of the support beams and retain heater wires in two planes. The support insulators further provide an integrated structure easily fabricated and simply assembled to the frame.

Abstract: A film heating oven for a skin packaging machine. The oven has a metallic housing in which are supported a plurality of elongated heaters in spaced parallel relationship. The heaters are energized by a control system which raises their temperature for heating the film and lowers the temperature during other operations of the machine. The housing includes a reflector for each tube to direct the heat downwardly onto the film and further includes an outer covering of insulation to minimize the escape of heat.

Abstract: A preheater for a casting ladle includes a stationary horizontal refractory deck having vertical apertures in which are disposed refractory plugs, each of which supports an electrical heating element that depends downwardly from the refractory deck. A lifting table is movable into registration with the set of depending electrical heating elements and is also adapted to support the casting ladle thereon and to raise it into surrounding relation with the electric heating elements that depend from the refractory deck. Individual defective heating elements can be removed and replaced during operation of other operative heating elements.

Abstract: In a furnace insulating module, a plurality of heating element supports are embedded in situ in a ceramic fiber insulating body. Each support includes a rod with one end embedded in the insulating body. The rod is anchored to the insulating body by means of a cross pin welded to its embedded end. An element supporting keeper at the exposed end of the support rod is pivotable about a transverse pivot axis. The keeper is formed of a pin passing through the rod and bent to form fingers at both ends extending in opposite directions from the pivot axis. When the keeper is in a first position the fingers extend vertically, generally parallel to the support rod, and permit a rod overbend heating element to be moved along the rod to a position above the keeper. With the keeper then moved to a second position with the fingers in a horizontal plane, the heating element may be rested on the keeper fingers and be supported thereby.

Abstract: In an electrical resistance heating element (1) comprising a heating conductor support (3) of insulating material and a heating conductor (4) of resistance wire wound in meander or sinuously coiled manner with loop ends or bights (6) and loop legs or runs (8), the loops of the heating conductor (4) being arranged substantially in a single plane, and the inner loop ends (6) which are directed towards the heating conductor support (3) being situated in the edge region of the heating conductor support (3), it is proposed according to the invention to construct the heating conductor support (3) as a flat plate, the flat plate to be situated substantially in the same plane as the loops of the heating conductor (4). It is also proposed that the outer loop ends or bights (5) remote from the heating conductor support (3) are to be self-supporting and not secured.

Abstract: An improved electrical heating element is constructed to increase the amount of electrical wire per unit space available for plug-type convection heating units. The heating element includes a metal frame structure with a plurality of spaced support elements and a plurality of spaced removable cross bars connected thereto. A plurality of ceramic heater support blocks, each of T-shape in plan, with spaced end faces are arranged end to end and have undercut grooves which receive a cross bar and are interposed between the support elements. A continuous electric resistance heating wire has a series of parallel spaced inverted U-shaped wire sections. The wire sections are arranged in groups. Each block has a support boss of reduced width adjacent one end face adapted to extend between the strands of a section of the heating wire. Each block has a pair of spaced bosses adjacent to its other end face which extend laterally outward of the support boss.

Abstract: An insulator for an electrical heating element includes an inner section and an outer section removably disposed thereabout. The electrical heating element is removably and loosely received within at least one of the sections. Several of these insulators can be used to make a new and improved electrical heating element assembly.

Abstract: Heat-treating apparatus for prolonging the life of a pressure vessel formed of thermally resistant material subject to time-dependent structural changes due to neutron flux includes a heating device positionable within a pressure vessel adjacent to a wall portion thereof which is to be heat-treated; and a mounting support for the heating device including a hollow substantially cylindrical mounting member. Also included is a support for the mounting member by which the latter is insertable into and removable from the pressure vessel through an opening in the pressure vessel. The apparatus additionally includes a device for flooding the interior of the pressure vessel with protective liquid preparatory to inserting and removing the mounting member and the heating device from the pressure vessel, and a device for draining the protective liquid from the interior of the pressure vessel prior to actuation of the heating device for heating the adjacent wall portion.

Abstract: An electric heater for a foundry ladle wherein a frame is equipped with a descending electric heater operated and controlled to preserve the integrity of the electric heater.

Abstract: In a furnace insulating module, a plurality of heating element supports are embedded in situ in a ceramic fiber insulating body. Each support includes a rod with one end embedded in the insulating body. The rod is anchored to the insulating body by means of a cross pin welded to its embedded end. An element supporting keeper at the exposed end of the support rod is pivotable about a transverse pivot axis. The keeper is formed of a pin passing through the rod and bent to form fingers at both ends extending in opposite directions from the pivot axis. When the keeper is in a first position the fingers extend vertically, generally parallel to the support rod, and permit a rod overbend heating element to be moved along the rod to a position above the keeper. With the keeper then moved to a second position with the fingers in a horizontal plane, the heating element may be rested on the keeper fingers and be supported thereby.

Abstract: A dual-voltage electric hair curling apparatus includes a having a handle and a heated barrel. A pair of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements are located in the barrel and are operable, respectively, at a low automotive vehicle voltage and a high domestic voltage. A switch in the handle permits energization of either heating element dependent upon the voltage of the available power supply and an overload fuse prevents damage to the low voltage heater should it be accidently energized from a high voltage supply. The curler is provided with a power cord terminating in a two-pronged plug receivable into a corresponding receptable on a portable vanity case adapted to be mounted by clips to the visor of an automotive vehicle. The vanity case has a mirror illuminated by electric luminaires on its front surface and a cord set terminating in a plug receivable in an automobile cigar lighter is connected to the receptable and luminaires.

Abstract: A motor vehicle dryer stand including a base member having a pair of laterally spaced legs projecting remotely from the base member, a standard projecting upward from the proximal end portion of the base member, an elongated lamp arm and means for clamping one end of the lamp arm at selected vertically adjusted positions on the standard, the lamp arm being of a length sufficient to extend over the top of a motor vehicle for supporting a dryer lamp over the center portion of the motor vehicle when the standard is in a position proximate to the side of the motor vehicle. Both the standard and the lamp arm are adapted to support one or more dryer lamps, and the standard may be fitted with additional lamp arms for supporting additional dryer lamps. The lamp arms extend preferably in the same longitudinal vertical plane of the base member.

Abstract: Air is pumped from an upper chamber in a cylindrical housing through parallel groups of Ni-Cr steel heating tubes to a lower chamber communicating with a carbon-dioxide adsorber in an air-rectification system. The tube groups are suspended at their upper ends from respective Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -ceramic holder plates seated on flanges projecting into respective openings of a carrier plate in turn removably fastened to the inside of the housing. The tubes in each group are connected in series with one another to a voltage source, the lower ends of the tubes in a group being gripped by a form-fitted ceramic spacer slidably inserted into a pipe section aligned in a support plate with an associated opening in the upper carrier plate, thereby ensuring the electrical insulation of the tubes. The holder plates and the openings are shaped as circles or as circular sections.

Abstract: A toaster chassis assembly for supporting heating element cards in an upstanding position in parallel relation, to define a bread-receiving slot therebetween, includes a horizontal base and end walls extending vertically upwardly from opposite ends of the base. The base defines a plurality of spaced slots for receiving tabs formed along the lower edges of the heating element cards for mounting the cards between the end walls and a plurality of tabular hooks extending from the base. Wire bread guards each comprising a plurality of vertical elements and an upper and lower horizontal element to form a grid, are mounted adjacent to the heating element cards to prevent engagement of bread slices being toasted with the heating element cards. The lower horizontal elements of the wire bread guards are received in the tabular hooks and the upper horizontal elements are received in slots formed along the upper edges of the end walls for supporting the bread guards.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heating unit for heating fluid such as air, in which a plurality of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) semiconductors are aligned in parallel to define clearances between each PTC semiconductor for the passage of the fluid. Each PTC semiconductor is provided with two electrodes disposed on the surface thereof for rapidly generating heat therefrom.

Abstract: A self-regulating heating element comprising a tubular body closed at each end and containing two longitudinal electrically and thermally conductive flat strips arranged parallel to and spaced from each other. Each flat strip is provided along at least one longitudinal edge thereof with an abutting longitudinal resilient heat-conductive strip conforming with the adjacent surface of the inner wall of the tubular body so as to be in resilient heat-exchange contact with such inner surface for conducting heat from the flat strip to the tubular body. At least one PTC resistor is positioned between and in electrical and heat-exchange contact with the parallel flat strips, electrical terminals extending through the tubular body into contact with the flat strips. Such heating elements find particular use as immersion heaters for liquids and as the heat source in hair-curling devices.

Abstract: An electrical baseboard heater having multiple elongated electrical heating units aligned parallel to each other may be field wired at either of its ends. A preassembled heating assembly, when secured onto the base of the baseboard heater cabinet, forms a wiring raceway for return wiring from the nonadjacent terminals of the heating units and for secondary power supply wiring to the other end of the cabinet.

Abstract: A heat-emitting radiator supplied with electrical energy and preferably capable of co-acting with two holding means in conjunction with a radiator-supporting means, such as a wall. The holding means associated with the radiator comprise a first rail preferably having current-conducting means, and a second rail. One or more cassettes being insertable between the rails. A connecting cassette without heat-emitting resistance device has a contact means for co-operating with the contact rail. Said connecting cassette is inserted in the first rail and the second rail, arranged to feed current to said contact rail. Each further cassette is held in the rails, feed by current applied to said contact rail.

Abstract: A heat-emitting radiator supplied with electrical energy and preferably capable of co-acting with two holding means in conjunction with a radiator-supporting means, such as a wall. The holding means associated with the radiator comprise a first rail preferably having current-conducting means, and a second rail. One or more cassettes being insertable between the rails. Each cassette has a contact means for cooperating with the contact rail. Each cassette is further arranged to be inserted in the first rail and the second rail in a first position of rotation. The cassette is arranged to be held in the rails in a second position of rotation.

Abstract: A heat treating appliance coilable about steel piping for heating it before or relieving stresses in it after welding comprises an elongate reticulate sleeve of interlaced heat and oxidation wire having lengths of electrical heating cable each doubled back along itself and fixed inside and along the sleeve so as to form cable legs spaced apart in the sleeve and having terminal portions extending outside it, from respective openings near one end thereof, for connection with a current source. The sleeve has end portions extending beyond the cables therein, and each bent back upon itself into a loop, for securing the appliance in place on the structure to be heat treated.

Abstract: A supporting means for a flexible graphite cloth heating element comprised of a conductive bar having a dovetail shaped slot and a mandrel shaped to fit within the slot and to hold a loop of the graphite cloth heating element therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for conditioning the temperature of an elongated tubular member, and the contents therein, and comprises a plurality of cast metal shoes adapted to be connected in side-by-side relation about the periphery of the member. Certain of the shoes contain cooling means and certain other of the shoes contain electric heating means. The invention provides for identical construction of all of the shoes, apart from the contained cooling and heating means, and includes means for connecting the shoes in side-by-side relation without the need of special tools.