Abstract: An electrical heater having a plurality electrodes disposed adjacently on a substrate in spaced apart relation and interconnected by a thermistor material, for example a positive temperature coefficient material. The electrodes each have at least one end portion and preferably two opposite end portions coupled to corresponding electrical terminal located at a common termination zone on the substrate. A spacing between adjacent electrodes may vary and adjacent electrodes may include interdigitated portions to vary the heat produced on select portions of the substrate.

Abstract: An electrical resistive heating system having a Nitinol heater element in the form of wire, rod strip or tube, is flexible, ductile, tough aid chemically non-reactive. The element has connectors at each end for leads from a controller that controls the flow of current through the heater element from a source of electrical power. The Nitinol heater element is treated to have an electrically insulating surface that is also hard and chemically non-reactive, so the heater element can be put in intimate contact with the materials or substrate to be heated without shorting or electrical shock to people or equipment. The controller uses temperature data feedback from a separate temperature sensor such as a thermocouple, or uses the resistance of heater element itself as a temperature sensor, since the resistance of the Nitinol changes with temperature in a predictable way.

Abstract: A mineral insulated heating cable comprising two electrical conductors extending along the lengths of the cable and an array of heating elements distributed along the length of the cable and connected in parallel between the conductors. The heating cable is encased in a metal jacket which waterproofs the overall assembly, the jacket being electrically insulated from both the conductors and the heating elements by for example mica or glass fiber tape sheaths. The metal jacket is extruded directly onto the heating cable, or is extruded around and then drawn down onto the heating cable. Thus the structure can withstand high temperatures and yet is waterproof given the provision of the metal jacket.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing electrical resistance heating elements are provided which include mating a pair of polymeric components around an electrical resistance heating material prior to fusing the polymeric components together, preferably by heat or pressure or both. Methods of stress relieving these polymeric components before, during or after fusing them together, are disclosed. Additionally, thermally conductive, non-electrically conductive additives can be added to improve the service life of the elements. In a further embodiment of this invention, a heating element and method of construction are provided in which first and second polymeric components are joined together with a resistance heating material therebetween. The polymeric components include retention means including a plurality of male connectors located on the first polymeric component, and a plurality of female receiving recesses located on the second polymeric component for mating with the male connectors of the first polymeric component.

Abstract: A heating element for a soleplate of an iron, composed of: a substrate constituted by a plate containing aluminum; an insulator covering one surface of the plate; and a heating circuit carried by the insulator, wherein the insulator includes an anodized oxide layer having a thickness between 10 and 200 microns and resistant to abrupt temperature variations of the plate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a ceramic heating jig consisting of a susceptor 2 on which a work to be heated is placed, a ceramic heater 3 for heating the susceptor and at least one heat shielding plate 4 for shielding heat of the ceramic heater wherein the susceptor and the heat shielding plate are located so that each of them is located across the ceramic heater each leaving a certain space therefrom, a thickness of the susceptor is 0.5 m to 5 mm, a thickness of the ceramic heater is 0.5 mm to 3 mm, a thickness of the heat shielding plate is 0.5 mm to 3 mm. Preferably, an interval between the members is 0.5 mm to 10 mm, and the members are elastically held as an integration by the elastic means 6 and the restraint means 7. There can be provided a ceramic heating jig wherein defects such as thermal deformation, breakage or the like of the susceptor or the like are hardly caused, temperature can be raised or lowered rapidly, and flatness of a susceptor can be kept even at high temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ceramic heater having better anti thermal shock property. A ceramic substrate 12 is formed by providing heat generation bodies 14a and 14b on the surface of a green sheet made from a slurry containing powdered ceramics, sandwiching the green sheet with other green sheets from both upper and lower sides and then laminating and pressing the compiled green sheets. At least some of the heat generation bodies 14a and 14b are disposed on a level P1b offset from a level P1a of other heat generation bodies in the direction of thickness of the ceramic substrate 12.

Abstract: To provide a ceramic heater capable of reducing temperature uniformity at the periphery of through holes such as insertion holes and vacuum suction holes, thereby protecting the wafer against thermal shocks and having improved controllability for temperature control parts such as thermocouples and temperature fuse. Further, a ceramic heater capable of uniform resin curing is provided. A heat generation body 14 is disposed on the surface or inside of the ceramic substrate 12. Further, corners for the insertion holes 16, the recesses 18 and the vacuum suction holes 20 of the ceramic substrate 12 are chamfered.

Abstract: To provide a ceramic heater which is excellent in the temperature uniformity by using a ceramic material having a high heat-conductivity as a heater substrate.

Abstract: An internally temperature controlled heat blanket. The heat blanket includes an outer layer of protecting foam fiberglass that affords operator safety, a layer of closed cell silicone foam which provides thermal and electrical insulation, a layer of thermally conductive mesh, another layer of thermally conductive silicone with holes cut into it, the holes containing positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements, another layer of conductive mesh, a layer of thermally conductive silicone, and an inner layer of moderately conductive cured silicone or foam.

Abstract: An insulation layer of a heating device for a sensor for determination of oxygen concentration in gas mixtures, in particular exhaust gasses of an internal combustion engine, is produced by applying a silicate-free insulation base material consisting only of barium oxide and/or strontium oxide with aluminum oxide to coat the heating device (50) and then heating the heating device with the insulation base material applied to it to temperatures of about 1350° to 1600° C. to form the insulation layer (60) by sintering. The sensor includes a Nernst measuring cell provided with a first electrode (16) and a second electrode (18) arranged in a solid electrolyte (20). The insulation layer (60) is arranged between the solid electrolyte (20) and the heating device (50).

Abstract: A heater for a steering wheel includes a heater main body arranged on a rim of the steering wheel and formed like a net. The heater main body comprises a plurality of heater wires for generating heat upon energization and side edges arranged along longitudinal edges of the heater main body and fixed at an inner periphery of the rim.

Abstract: A clip for connecting one or two insulators to a rail (preferably a T-bar member) of an electric heater including a main body, a means for securing an insulator to the main body, and at least one bendable metal clinching member extending from the main body, where the clip is securable to the rail by bending the clinching member around the rail. Preferably, the clinching member is one or two T-shaped end members disposed on transverse ends of the main body. Opposite end sections of the ridge of the T-shaped end member constitute clinching flaps which, in use, are clinched around a stem of a T-bar of an electric heater. The clip is not welded to the T-bar.

Abstract: A protective device includes a heating element and a low-melting metal element on a substrate, the low-melting metal element being fused by the heat generated by the heating element, and in this device the heating element and the low-melting metal element are stacked so as not to allow an insulating layer to intervene therebetween, and as a result the protective device is miniaturized and the operating time reduced without lowering the rated current.

Abstract: A ceramic heater that may be used in an oxygen sensor for automotive air-fuel ratio control systems and includes a ceramic square rod formed with a laminate of a heater substrate on which a heater-patterned layer consisting of a heater element and leads is formed and a covering substrate covering the heater-patterned layer. Metallic terminals are connected electrically to the leads of the heater-patterned layer, respectively, and mounted on surfaces of the ceramic square rod opposed to each other in a direction of lamination of the heater substrate and the covering substrate, respectively. At least one outer lead is joined to one of the metallic terminals through a bonding layer.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a body having a measurement-gas chamber and a reference-gas chamber. The measurement-gas chamber is supplied with a measurement gas. The reference-gas chamber is supplied with a reference gas. A detecting cell provided in the body includes (1) a solid electrolyte member, (2) a measuring electrode provided on the solid electrolyte member and facing the measurement-gas chamber, and (3) a reference electrode provided on the solid electrolyte member and facing the reference-gas chamber. A heater portion operates for heating the detecting cell. The heater portion includes (1) a first substrate, (2) a heating member provided on the first substrate, (3) a high-voltage-side lead portion provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the heating member, (4) a low-voltage-side lead portion provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the heating member, and (5) a second substrate covering the heating member.

Abstract: An internally temperature controlled heat blanket. The heat blanket includes an outer layer of protecting foam fiberglass that affords operator safety, a layer of closed cell silicone foam which provides thermal and electrical insulation, a layer of thermally conductive mesh, another layer of thermally conductive silicone with holes cut into it, the holes containing positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements, another layer of conductive mesh, a layer of thermally conductive silicone, and an inner layer of moderately conductive cured silicone or foam.

Abstract: The heater sealed with a carbon wire heating element of the present invention has a carbon wire heating element sealed within a quartz glass member, said carbon wire being prepared by knitting carbon single fibers into a knitted cord or a braid, each wire having a crystal structure with a interlayer spacing d (002) thereof being 0.343 or less and a crystallite size Lc (002) thereof being 4.0 nm or more.

Abstract: An easy-to-manufacture structure of a ceramic heater having a high durability and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The ceramic heater may be used in an oxygen sensor for automotive air-fuel ratio control systems and includes a ceramic square rod formed with a laminate of a heater substrate on which a heater-patterned layer consisting of a heater element and leads is formed and a covering substrate covering the heater-patterned layer. Metallic terminals are connected electrically to the leads of the heater-patterned layer, respectively, and mounted on surfaces of the ceramic square rod opposed to each other in a direction of lamination of the heater substrate and the covering substrate, respectively. At least one outer lead is joined to one of the metallic terminals through a bonding layer.

Abstract: A shape memory device includes a shape memory alloy member configured to have at least a portion of the shape memory alloy member be selectively activated. A heating device is coupled to the member and configured to provide heat to a selected section of the member and activate at least a portion of the selected section.

Abstract: A sintered pin heater which is made of a ceramic composite structure and which has an essentially enclosed insulating layer and an external conducting layer. The insulating layer being obtainable from 51-57 mass percent of Si3N4, 37-42 mass percent of MoSi2, 2.4-2.8 mass percent of Al2O3, and 3.2-3.6 mass percent of Y2O3. The conducting layer 13 obtainable from 38-42 mass percent of Si3N4, 53-58 mass percent of MoSi2, 1.8-2.0 mass percent of Al2O3, and 2.4-2.7 mass percent of Y2O3.

Abstract: An electric heating element (11) in which electrically conductive tape (23) is wound on a non-electrically conductive former (12) and the tape is completely covered by covers (30) of electrically non-conductive but heat conductive material secured to the former. Preferably the covers and former are of Mica or Micanite. The covers are secured to the former by channel sectioned strips (31) along opposite side edges and by fastening eyelets (26) extending through the covers and former intermediate the edges. For use in an upright toaster the tape is wound continuously round the former with each run thereof extending between the grooves in the opposite side edges of the former, the grooves in the upper portion being spaced from one another by 4.6 to 7 mm while the grooves in the lower portion of the former are spaced by a smaller distance in the range 3.6 to 5 mm. For use in a conveyor toaster the runs adjacent the sides of the conveyor are more closely spaced than those in the center.

Abstract: A ceramic heater of required heating properties is made available in that adjusting elements made solid in an electric conductive element are added other than electric conductive elements of an heating resistor in a ceramic heater. Accordingly, resistance temperature coefficient is changed, not largely changing other properties of heating materials.

Abstract: A heating resistor containing RE2O3 (where RE represents a rare earth element) in a predetermined amount. The mole ratio of residual oxygen to RE2O3, the amount of residual oxygen being expressed on an SiO2 basis and being obtained by subtracting the amount of oxygen contained in RE2O3 from the total amount of oxygen, falls within a predetermined range. A crystal phase of disilicate or melilite serves as a predominant phase of grain boundaries. The heating resistor contains a conductive component, such as WC or TiN, which contains one or more elements selected from among Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W. The heating resistor is embedded in a substrate, yielding a ceramic heater.

Abstract: Aluminum nitride, silicon nitride or silicon carbide is employed as the main component forming a substrate for increasing mechanical strength and improving thermal shock resistance, a proper additive is blended for controlling thermal conductivity and a temperature gradient from a heating element to an electrode is loosened for providing a dimensional ratio of the substrate effective for preventing oxidation of a contact between an electrode of the heating element and a connector of a feeding part. In a ceramic heater having an electrode and a heating element formed on the surface of a ceramic substrate, A/B≧20 is satisfied assuming that A represents the distance from a contact between a circuit of the heating element and the electrode to an end of the ceramic substrate closer to the electrode and B represents the thickness of the ceramic substrate, and the thermal conductivity of the ceramic substrate is adjusted to 30 to 80 W/m·K.

Abstract: This invention has as its object to provide a ceramic heater provided at low cost without being compromised in its performance, with the result that a ceramic heater equivalent to the conventional product in performance characteristics can be manufactured at reduced cost. A ceramic heater comprising a core, an insulation sheet covering the core and a resistance heating element of high-melting metal embedded between the core and insulation sheet, a high-temperature part of the resistance heating element, the operating temperature of which reaches 300° C. or higher, comprises a high-melting metal supplemented with Re or Mo.

Abstract: There is disclosed a ceramic heating jig consisting of a susceptor 2 on which a work to be heated is placed, a ceramic heater 3 for heating the susceptor and at least one heat shielding plate 4 for shielding heat of the ceramic heater wherein the susceptor and the heat shielding plate are located so that each of them is located across the ceramic heater each leaving a certain space therefrom, a thickness of the susceptor is 0.5 m to 5 mm, a thickness of the ceramic heater is 0.5 mm to 3 mm, a thickness of the heat shielding plate is 0.5 mm to 3 mm. Preferably, an interval between the members is 0.5 mm to 10 mm, and the members are elastically held as an integration by the elastic means 6 and the restraint means 7. There can be provided a ceramic heating jig wherein defects such as thermal deformation, breakage or the like of the susceptor or the like are hardly caused, temperature can be raised or lowered rapidly, and flatness of a susceptor can be kept even at high temperature.

Abstract: This invention provides a ceramic heater comprising a core, an insulation layer and a resistance heating element of high-melting metal as embedded between the core and insulation layer, wherein the operating temperature is not less than 300° C., the insulation layer comprising a sintered compact composed of 88 to 95 weight % of Al2O3 supplemented with, as sintering aids, 3 to 10 weight % of SiO2, 0.4 to 1.0 weight % of MgO and 1.0 to 2.5 weight % of CaO and having a density of not less than 3.60 and a thickness of 100 to 300 &mgr;m.

Abstract: Thick film resistive element heater with an aluminum substrate having a ceramic oxide dielectric insulator there between.

Abstract: A ceramic heater which comprises an insulation sheet comprising 88 to 95 weight % of Al2O3 supplemented with, as sintering aids, 3 to 10 weight % of SiO2, 0.4 to 1.0 weight % of MgO and 1.0 to 2.5 weight % of CaO, a core covered with the insulation sheet, a resistance heating element of high-melting metal as interposed between the insulation sheet and core, and an intermediate layer of an alumina ceramic body having a thickness of 5 to 50 &mgr;m, the alumina ceramic body containing 0.05 to 4 weight % of SiO2, 0.01 to 0.5 weight % of MgO and 0.01 to 1.2 weight % of CaO as interposed between at least a part of the resistance heating element and the core.

Abstract: A heating coil fitting for connecting at least two installation elements with a fitting pipe which overlaps the installation elements. The fitting pipe has a first material which breaks down during heating and a second material which shrinks during heating. A heating element in the fitting pipe wall has a cross-sectional surface area whose extent along the longitudinal axis of the fitting pipe is less than that in the radial direction of the fitting pipe.

Abstract: The MoSi2 heating element has not been so resistant under the low-temperature heating, because the low-temperature oxidation, which is attributable to the grain boundary oxidation, occurred. In the present invention, long life under the low-temperature heating is attained by the following two structures. (1) The MoSi2 grains have a network structure and are linked three dimensionally. (2) The secondary, silica-bearing oxide or glass phase forms a net-like structure around the MoSi2 grains.

Abstract: A ceramic heater which has an alumina rod, an alumina based ribbon sintered to the rod, and a platinum resistor element bonded to the ribbon. Additionally, a method of making a ceramic heater by preparing a ceramic slurry; combining the ceramic slurry with a binder component to form a slip; depositing the slip onto a carrier film at a controlled thickness such that a deposited slip is formed; heat curing the deposited slip to form a cured slip ribbon; applying a platinum paste onto the ribbon in a specific pattern, the paste forming a platinum resistor element on the ribbon; applying the ribbon with the platinum resistor element onto an alumina rod; and, heating the rod with the ribbon and the platinum resistor element thereon, whereby the ribbon is sintered to the rod and the platinum resistor element is sintered and bonded to the ribbon.

Abstract: A ceramic heater that may be used in an oxygen sensor for automotive air-fuel ratio control systems and includes a ceramic square rod formed with a laminate of a heater substrate on which a heater-patterned layer consisting of a heater element and leads is formed and a covering substrate covering the heater-patterned layer. Metallic terminals are connected electrically to the leads of the heater-patterned layer, respectively, and mounted on surfaces of the ceramic square rod opposed to each other in a direction of lamination of the heater substrate and the covering substrate, respectively. At least one outer lead is joined to one of the metallic terminals through a bonding layer.

Abstract: A thermal de-ice and anti-ice system for aircraft surfaces employs a laminate in which flexible expanded graphite foil is an electrical and heat conducting layer that is disposed below an outer heat conducting layer, with an electrically insulating layer below the graphite layer. The flexible expanded graphite layer requires about three times less wattage than known resistance heating pad thermal systems to achieve de-ice and/or anti-ice temperatures. The temperature of the surface is controlled by varying the power supplied to the flexible expanded graphite layer of the laminate in response to a real time temperature value transmitted to a power control.

Abstract: The invention is related to a package for packing a cylindrical carbon heater, used for manufacturing a mono crystal body and a method of forming the same, in which the cylindrical carbon heater is held sandwiched at the opposite ends between a base member and a plurality of retainer members, and compressive forces are applied independently to different parts of the carbon heater on the base member via the respective retainer members.

Abstract: A heating element for a liquid heating vessel, comprises a metal substrate, an insulating layer provided over the substrate, and an electrically conductive heating track provided over the insulating layer. The heating track comprises a path extending between two contact pads, the heating track defining regions of relatively high density of track portions and regions of relatively low density of track portions. The contact pads are located in regions of relatively low density, and the layout of the heating track is designed such that in the event of thermal overheating of the element, the heating track ruptures at one of a predetermined set of locations in high density regions of the heating track. The heating track itself thereby functions as a thermal fuse.

Abstract: A plane heating element is provided which features reduced external electromagnetic waves. The plane heating element includes an upper input terminal and a lower input terminal in which upper wires and lower wires are spaced apart at a predetermined interval, and the currents through the respective wires flow oppositely to each other. First heat generation wires are connected to the upper input terminal at predetermined spaced intervals and have the same directed current flow as that of the upper input terminal. Second heat generation wires are connected to the upper input terminal at spaced intervals and have the oppositely directed current flow to that of the first heat generation wires.

Abstract: A ceramic heater with a specified ratio of electric resistance for the heat generating portion and the lead portion of a heat generating resistor is provided. The ceramic heater has a ceramic substrate comprising alumina as a main ingredient and a heat generating resistor composed only of tungsten, or a heat generating resistor comprising at least one of 3 to 30% by weight of alumina and 10 to 40% by weight of rhenium, and at least one of tungsten and molybdenum. Particularly, the ratio of the electric resistance can be controlled and the adhesion of ceramic substrates for sandwiching the heat generating resistor can be improved, for example, by means of disposing slits to the lead portion and/or changing ingredients constituting the lead portion. The ceramic heater is capable of reaching a predetermined temperature in a short time, has high adhesion between the heat generating resistor and ceramic substrates and excellent durability and can be used in an oxygen sensor.

Abstract: A pyrolytic boron nitride radiation heating unit including a dielectric base of boron nitride, a heating element of pyrolytic graphite superimposed on the dielectric base, a first outer coating surrounding said heating element composed of pyrolytic boron nitride and a second outer coating surrounding said first outer coating and having an emmissivity above at least about 0.9 at a wave length of 1.55 microns. The second outer coating is preferably selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and boron carbide.

Abstract: A resistive heating element, in particular for clothes dryers, comprising a substantially rectangular plate of heating resistant dielectric material supported at its ends by two shoulders also of heat-resistant dielectric material and inserted through a resistive wire spiral connected at its ends to conductor cables, characterised in that one end of the plate is freely slidable along a slot provided in the corresponding shoulder.

Abstract: An electrically heatable glow plug for an internal combustion engine includes a corrosion-resistant metal jacket, a compressed powder filling contained therein, and an electrically conducting coil embedded in the filling. To increase the lifetime of the heating coil, a getter material for binding the oxygen contained in the compressed powder filling is provided. The getter material can be distributed in the form of electrically nonconducting particles in the compressed powder filling. The getter material can also be applied as a coating to the coil or to the inner surface of the metal jacket.

Abstract: An immersion heating element comprises first and second heat conducting substrates defining top and bottom surfaces of the heating element. An electrically insulating layer is provided on one side of each substrate, and the two substrates are mounted together with the insulating layers facing each other and with a resistive heating track sandwiched between the insulating layers. This structure avoids the need for a thick protective insulating layer over the heating track.

Abstract: A metallic layer is provided on the surface of a ceramic body. A junction layer is provided on the metallic layer. The junction layer contains 40.about.98 wt % Cu and 2.about.20 wt % Ni. A conductive member is bonded to the metallic layer via the junction layer.

Abstract: A heater-installed grip for a vehicle includes substantially semi-cylindrical inner pieces (33.sub.1, 33.sub.2) of a synthetic resin which have a planar heater (34.sub.L, 34.sub.R ; 174.sub.L, 174.sub.R ; 184) wound around an outer periphery thereof and which are integrally embedded in a cylindrical grip body (35) made of a rubber assembled to a pipe-shaped steering handlebar (26) or a throttle pipe (79). In this heater-installed grip, a circumferentially central portion of each of the inner pieces (33.sub.1, 33.sub.2) is formed at a large wall thickness, as compared with circumferentially opposite ends thereof. Thus, the assemblability of the grip body (35) to the pipe-shaped steering handlebar (26) or the throttle pipe (79) is enhanced, while ensuring a die-clamping strength in a process for forming the grip body (35).

Abstract: A PTC-element to be used as a protective device against overcurrent or overvoltage, of which the volume resistivity does not substantially differ before and after a high temperature processing, such as reflowing of solder, and can be preserved even after having been subjected to repeated tripping, which contains a non-conductive crystalline polymer and a particulate conductor material dispersed in the non-conducting crystalline polymer, wherein the particulate conductor material includes electro-conductive particles having irregular surface contours.

Abstract: A method is provided for heating the surface of a material such as a floor, wall, roof, or countertop. The method comprises providing a laminated heater element, disposing the heater element at a predetermined depth in the material and energizing the element at prescribed intervals and temperatures which are effective to heat the surface of the material.

Abstract: An internally temperature controlled heat blanket. The heat blanket includes an outer layer of protecting foam fiberglass that affords operator safety, a layer of closed cell silicone foam which provides thermal and electrical insulation, a layer of thermally conductive mesh, another layer of thermally conductive silicone with holes cut into it, the holes containing positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements, another layer of conductive mesh, a layer of thermally conductive silicone, and an inner layer of moderately conductive cured silicone or foam.

Abstract: A seat warmer having a self-regulating heating mechanism. The heating mechanism constructed as a sheet comprising layers of a chemical-resistant and moisture-resistant material. Heating elements are enclosed between the layers for heating the sheet to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A shape memory device includes a shape memory alloy member configured to have at least a portion of the shape memory alloy member be selectively activated. A heating device is coupled to the member and configured to provide heat to a selected section of the member and activate at least a portion of the selected section.