Abstract: A rod made of a hard material is inserted into a pipe made of a relatively soft material, and a two-element arrangement having an intermediate size is obtained by hot-rolling and drawing. In these steps, the cross section is reduced by at least 50%. Subsequently, another pipe of the soft material is fitted onto the two-element arrangement, and the so-obtained three-element arrangement is adjusted to its final size by means of hot or cold rolling followed by cold drawing.

Abstract: A compound steel workpiece and a process for its production, wherein a support jacket is provided with at least one recess, which in turn is furnished with a lining resistant to attrition and corrosion, which lining is connected to the support jacket by a metal bond. In the process, which has particular application in the production of double or multiple screw cylinders for use in plastics processing, the support jacket is provided with at least one core at the point(s) at which the recess(es) are desired, is subjected to hot-forming, along with the core(s), at an appropriate temperature, in particular for cross-sectional reduction a cross-sectional shape deviating from that of a circle is imparted to the core(s) and the recess(es) are created in the core(s).

Abstract: A cast-formed bi-metallic worm assembly of a mechanical screw press for expressing liquids from fibrous materials and a method of manufacture therefor. The worm assembly is rotatably driven by the press drive shaft and includes an outer flight body having an integral outwardly extending helical flight formed of a relatively brittle, wear-resistant homogeneous cast material and an inner hub tightly fitted and substantially fully mated within, and coextensive with, the outer flight body. The inner hub, cast formed of a more ductile, tougher homogeneous material, includes a hollow cylindrical interior surface structured for slidable engagement around and in driving connection with the drive shaft. The inner hub and outer flight body are securely engaged one to another by a very thin layer of bonded brazing compound over substantially the entire mating surface therebetween. The method of manufacturing helps insure very close mating surface contact to enhance the strength of brazing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the control of grain structure in unalloyed zirconium metal and, more particularly, to the control of grain structure in zirconium metals containing less than 300 parts per million Fe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a clad bar and is basically characterized in that a columnar core member is fitted in a cylindrical outside layer member and the resulting assembly is heated, and then the heated assembly is rolled by a rotary mill provided with three or more cone type rolls to integrate the core member and the outside layer member by diffusion bending. The method is additionally characterized in that, in order to prevent unnecessary substances, such as oxides, from being formed on an interface between the core member and the outside layer member, the assembly is sealed at both ends thereof under reduced pressure or under vacuum or the assembly is cold drawn, the assembly thus welded or cold drawn is then heated and subsequently rolled by a rotary mill. Thus, an intermetallic compound layer formed between the core member and the outside layer member can be thinned, whereby improving bond strength.

Abstract: A method of cladding the ends of a length of previously clad pipe with a clad of greater thickness than the clad for the balance of the length in order to allow for threading, including the steps of boring, facing and turning the end of the pipe, plating by electroless deposition the faying surfaces of a nickel-base alloy cladding cylinder, assembling the cylinder to the length of pipe, assembling a close fitting tooling mandrel on the inside of the cladding cylinders, the tooling mandrel being made of a metal possessing a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than does the pipe, placing the subassembly within a housing having an induction coil therein, evacuating the housing atmosphere and back filling with an inert gas such as argon, heating the subassembly to about 1650.degree. to 2100.degree. F.

Abstract: Coextrusion billets of two or more concentric metallic layers are treated by a hot isostatic pressing process and, then, may be succeeded by heating to an elevated temperature followed by quenching in order to form a diffused bondline between the contiguous touching metal layers, which after extruding and reducing into tubing, is relatively free of bondline defects.

Abstract: A method of joining titanium to a dissimilar metal wherein a predetermined amount of heat and pressure is applied sufficient to plastically deform only one of the metals being joined. The heat and pressure combine to flow one metal into shaped surfaces existing in the second metal, maintain the joint in compression through differrential thermal expansion and bonding the deformed metal to the other metal. The method uses a temperature sufficiently low to effect bonding without any chance for the formation of excessive brittle intermetallic phases.

Abstract: A method for producing a clad steel pipe having resistance to corrosion and wear at the inner and/or the outer faces includes plural base pipes which are mechanically fixed and metallurgically joined by diffusion welding before the plural base pipes are elongated to produce an elongated clad steel pipe.

Abstract: A method of cladding a base plate of carbon steel, including the steps of plating by electroless deposition the faying surface of the plate slab, positioning a cladding plate on the plated faying surface, welding both plates together at three edges to form a seal, attaching a gas reservoir at the fourth side thus forming a sealed subassembly, evacuating the space formed in the subassembly between the two plates of water vapor and oxygen, heating the subassembly to about 1650.degree. to 2100.degree. F. thereby melting the bonding metal alloy, and hot rolling the heated subassembly to metallically bond the cladding plate to the steel plate by means of the mechanism of liquid interface diffusion bonding.

Abstract: A thick-walled composite metal tubing comprising an inner tubular member made of a steel pipe and an outer tubular member made of a carbon steel pipe which are press-fitted together with integration bonding thereof involving disappearance of the boundary interface at least in part of the inner and outer tubular members, and process for producing the same.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an externally clad tubular product employing a tubular host such as steel, including the steps of plating the external surface of the tubular host with a low melting point bonding metal alloy, assembling a tubular clad member, such as a nickel base alloy, over the plated tubular host, circumferentially welding one end of the cladding member to one end of the host member and welding the other ends in such a manner as to incorporate a metallic gas reservoir, thus forming a subassembly. The annular space formed in the subassembly between the interior of the cladding member and the exterior of the tubular host is evacuated of water vapor and oxygen. The evacuated subassembly is heated to about 1650.degree. to 2100.degree. F. thereby melting the bonding metal alloy, and the heated subassembly hot rolled to metallically bond the cladding member to the tubular host by means of the mechanism of liquid interface diffusion bonding.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an internally clad tubular product employing a tubular host such as steel, including the steps of plating the internal surface of the tubular host with a low melting point bonding metal alloy, inserting a tubular cladding member, such as of nickel base alloy, into the plated tubular host, circumferentially welding one end of the cladding member to one end of the host member directly and welding the other ends in such a manner as to incorporate a metallic gas reservoir, thus forming a subassembly, evacuating the annular space formed in the subassembly between the exterior of the cladding member and the interior of the tubular host of water vapor and oxygen, assembling a close-fitting full-length tooling mandrel of high thermal expansion material inside the subassembly, heating the subassembly to about 1650.degree. to 2100.degree. F.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a clad tube comprising a metallic tube coated on the interior surface with a thermally deformable coating material, comprising:(a) coaxially positioning the metallic tube within a cylindrically formed induction coil;(b) coaxially positioning a tube of the coating material within the metallic tube;(c) applying a current to the induction coil such that the induction coil serves as a heater and heats the metallic tube which in turn radiantly heats the tube of coating material to a temperature sufficient to make the coating material deformable; and(d) applying pressure on the interior of the tube of coating material such that the softened tube of coating material deforms to contact and fuse with the interior surface of the metallic tube to form a clad tube. The coating material can be, for example, glass or a thermally deformable resin. Optionally, a magnetic tube can be inserted into the interior of the tube of coating material.

Abstract: A permanent magnet rotor construction technique resulting in a rotor having excellent stiffness characteristics and being capable of higher speeds and longer lengths is disclosed. The rotor is constructed using nonfusion bonding techniques whereby an inner cylinder of magnetizable material is bonded inside a hollow outer cylinder of non-magnetizable material, with the resulting assembly having cylindrical end pieces also of non-magnetizable material bonded at each end. Pockets for receiving the rare earth permanent magents are then machined through the outer cylinder, and the magnets are mounted in the pockets in contact with the magnetizable material of the inner cylinder. Construction of the rotor is completed by installing a thin cylindrical shell over the permanent magnets in the areas of the rotor adjacent thereto.

Abstract: A process of making round tubes covered on the inside with a sleeve of a thickness on the order of 20 to 30% of the total thickness of the tubes. The components of the tube consist of steel of strong mechanical characteristics and of an interior of stainless steel or a noble alloy. Both components are united by means of metallurgic cohesion, the result of which is a single tube, in effect. The making of the combined tube is achieved by reforming, piercing and extrusion at the same temperature.

Abstract: In the installation, a strip is shaped from a split tube which is welded or seamed to give a closed tube in a welding or seaming station. Associated with the welding or seaming station is a suction mechanism used for the removal of on the one hand the cold air flow produced by the moving open tube and on the other the air flow heated during welding and flowing back from the closed tube, as a result of the reduction of the internal cross-section thereof. This obviates air turbulence in the welding or seaming station, which could whirl up the pulverulent material introduced into the open tube in a dosing station and could be deposited on the longitudinal edges of the split tube. This could unfavorably influence the seaming or welding process.

Abstract: A process for making a sintered mechanical part with a complex profile by preparing separately a compact having a shaft (referred to as the inner compact) and a compact having an opening (hereinafter referred to as the outer compact) by the compression of iron-based metal powders, and sintering both compacts in a state where the inner compact is fitted into the cutter compact,wherein a difference in fitting size between the shaft and the opening is selected such that interference fitting takes place with the interference being fixed at a value equal to, or lower than, the figure determined by the following calculation:((0.23T+1)D+13.8)/300wherein D and T are respectively the inner diameter and thickness, both in millimeter, of the outer part, and the inner part is inserted into the outer part by press fitting.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing bimetallic tubes is disclosed. In this method, after an inner tube is inserted into an outer tube, the resulting tube assembly is heated, while pressurizing the inside of the inner tube with a gas, in the presence or absence of a solder material. When using no solder material, the materials of the inner and outer tubes are so selected that a thermal expansion coefficient of the inner tube is smaller than that of the outer tube.

Abstract: A method of production of a composite billet for a nuclear fuel cladding tube wherein a hollow inner billet of zirconium is inserted in a hollow outer billet of a nuclear fuel cladding material. Following insertion of a resilient member in the hollow inner billet, pressure is applied to the resilient member axially of the billets to force the inner billet against the outer billet, to produce a pressure bonding between an inner surface of the outer billet and an outer surface of the inner billet.

Abstract: In order to connect a tube of a more common material, such as stainless steel, to a tube of a highly corrosion-resistant metal such as tantalum, where the two tubes cannot be welded together by fussion technology, a connection piece is made of two closely fitting layers of the two materials telescoped into each other, which are exposed to hot compressed noble gas, such as argon, in a pressure vessel, with precautions against oxidation from residual oxygen in the noble gas. Then the ends are machined to remove any hard soldered portion used to make a gas-tight seal of the blank before pressure treatment, after which a longer ring-shaped section of the stainless part of the connection piece is removed at one end and likewise a section of the tantalum part of the connection piece at the other end, so that the projecting ends can be welded to the pipes to be joined.

Abstract: For producing the seat or valve member of a labyrinth valve a number of rings of different diameter are placed one inside the other as a workpiece with their blade-like edges turned in the same direction. The group of rings is then slipped over the middle guide or stem of a jig so that the downwardly turned blade-like edges on the rings come to rest against upwardly directed ring-like blades on the jig. These blades are designed with a form answering to the form of the other valve part with which the workpiece is to be used. The rings in the workpiece are pressed down against the blades for leveling them and are then welded together, for example by electron beam welding.

Abstract: Method for making a tube for a cracking plant, by providing an inner tube, placing a reinforcement about said inner tube, said reinforcement having transverse openings or passages, placing an outer tube coaxially about said inner tube and said reinforcement, bonding together by pressure or fusion welding, said inner tube and said outer tube through said openings or passages in said reinforcement.

Abstract: This invention is a tool for effecting high-temperature, high-compression bonding between the confronting faces of nested, tubular, metallic components. In a typical application, the tool is used to produce tubular target assemblies for irradiation in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators, the target assembly comprising a uranium foil and an aluminum-alloy substrate. The tool preferably is composed throughout of graphite. It comprises a tubular restraining member in which a mechanically expandable tubular core is mounted to form an annulus with the member. The components to be bonded are mounted in nested relation in the annulus. The expandable core is formed of individually movable, axially elongated segments whose outer faces cooperatively define a cylindrical pressing surface and whose inner faces cooperatively define two opposed, inwardly tapered, axial bores. Tapered rams extend respectively into the bores.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing an article having a press-worked member inwardly of a cylindrical member, which comprises a first step for removing stain and oxidation film on the inner surface of a cylindrical member and on the peripheral side surface of a blank, a second step for arranging the blank inwardly of the cylindrical member so that the purified side surface of the blank may be faced toward the purified internal surface of the cylindrical member, a third step for subjecting the blank to a cold press-working inside the cylindrical member to thereby closely combine the blank with the cylindrical member, a fourth step for further subjecting the cold-worked blank to a hot press-working inside the cylindrical member to thereby form the blank into a desired shape within the cylindrical member, and a fifth step for annealing the combined members at a temperature for diffusion to thereby join the blank with the cylindrical member by diffusion.

Abstract: The invention is a multiorifice structure and method of manufacuture. The structure comprises a plurality of triangularly shaped orifices angularly disposed with respect to a common axis. The structure is formed by fusing together concentric alternating layers of cylindrical members and parallel rods angularly disposed with respect to the axis of the cylindrical members. The fused structure is sliced generally normal to its axis to produce a plurality of multiorifice wafers or discs. The interstices between the rods and the cylindrical members form a plurality of small triangularly shaped orifices particularly well suited to use as an atomizer for an internal combustion engine fuel injector valve.

Abstract: A long length clad steel pipe which is in the extremely superior metallurgically bonded state and having good qualities can be manufactured easily at an inexpensive cost by using as a base metal, a carbon steel including a low alloyed steel and as a cladding metal, a stainless steel, nickel or a nickel alloy by the steps comprising welding at least one end part of double pipes consisting of a base metal and a cladding metal, and subjecting the processed double pipes to hot rolling at a temperature between 850.degree. C. to 1300.degree. C. with a reduction ratio of at least 15% in the first step rolling.

Abstract: A super hard metal roll assembly and a process for producing it are disclosed. Initially, a powdered mix of super hard metal materials is moulded into a hollow cylindrical moulding. The moulding is then fitted about a super hard metal cylindrical element such as roll, cylinder, pillar or shaft, and sintered to contract to a bushing tightly engaging the outer periphery of the cylindrical element to produce a super hard metal roll assembly. The roll assembly may be further treated in a high temperature and high pressure inert gas in order to eliminate voids at the interface between the bushing and the cylindrical element.

Abstract: A wire drawing die blank and method of producing the same is provided in which the blank is made by:A. forming a compact of a superalloy powder containing a diamond and having an outside diameter smaller than the diameter of the drawing apparatus die aperture in which it is to be used,B. pressing a ring of powdered stainless steel having an inner annular opening adapted to receive the sintered superalloy compact containing a diamond and an outer diameter adapted to fit a drawing die apparatus aperture in which it is to be used, said powdered stainless steel having a shrinkage coefficient on sintering sufficient to cause the ring to shrink onto and tightly engage said compact, andC. sintering the stainless steel at a temperature below the melting point of the compact to consolidate and shrink the stainless steel onto the compact and to metallurgically bond the stainless steel and the superalloy of the compact.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing polymetallic pipes according to the invention consists of preparing the contacting surfaces of pipe billets, sealing off the gap between the billets at their ends and forming a multilayer pipe billet, heating said billet, placing it into a die and sealing off the space of the pipe billet, and filling said space with a fluid medium for exerting pressure on the internal surface of the billet, said pressure being sufficient for producing a diffusion joint.According to the invention, the temperature gradient in the body of the pipe billet is distributed so that the temperature at one end of the billet is lower than it is in its other parts.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing nonconsumable copper-zirconium electrodes in two stages. First, an intermediate layer of cold-deformed copper of a thickness substantially equal to the diameter of a zirconium core is cold deformed on the core. Second, a copper sleeve of an external diameter 5 to 15 times greater than the diameter of the core is hot deformed on to the first structure. Using this method ensures proper circular shape of the core in cross-section, reliability of the bond between the core and sleeve for operation of the electrode at temperatures in excess of 1000.degree. C and at cooling water pressures as high as 10 atmospheres, high thermal and electric conductivity across the copper-zirconium interface, as well as fine technological effectiveness of the process to the conditions of large-scale production.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the formation and utilization of a compound billet wherein a longitudinally extending inner member, composed of a first material, is retained firmly within the interior of a hollow, longitudinally extending outer member, composed of a second material, and wherein relaxation strain characteristic of the second material is greater than the relaxation strain characteristic of the first material.

Abstract: Bearing material, such as an aluminum alloy, is applied and bonded to the support surface by heating the surface to 500 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit, applying the bearing material in sheet form to the surface at one edge thereof, and spreading the material across the surface by moving a zone of pressure application to the bearing material from one edge of the surface to an opposed edge so as to reduce the thickness of the bearing material and to provide a flow which continually brings fresh previously unexposed bearing material from the interior of the sheet so as to effect a molecular bond. Typical applications are to sleeve type bearings or bushings, and a preferred use of the invention is the application of bearing material to connecting rods.

Abstract: In the manufacture of compound billets composed of two or more different metals for use in hydrostatic extrusion, care must be exercised to see whether or not products possessing a predetermined compound status are produced from the compound billets by means of the hydrostatic extrusion process.

Abstract: Manufacturing of a soft metal sheath formed of aluminum or copper, for example, is improved by suitably selecting the apparatus composing the shaping means employed therein and arranging the capstan and the sinking die in a novel manner. The apparatus selected is made from a wear-resistant synthetic resin such as a molybdenum bisulfide-included nylon. The sheath is manufactured from a metal tape of aluminum or copper through the working stages of applying a cylindrical tube shaped from the tape onto a cable core, butt welding the seam, and then reducing the diameter of the metal tube to connect it to the core.