Abstract: In order to hold the longitudinal edges (12, 14) of a can body (10) which are to be butt-welded together contiguous with one another on the way to a welding apparatus (52), the can body (10) is moved past a magnet (40) by means of which the longitudinal edges (12, 14) are magnetized with opposite polarity. The two poles (N.sub.S, S.sub.N) of the magnet (40) each have a supporting surface (42, 44) for a conveyor belt (36) which conveys can bodies (10) one behind the other from a guide member (22) to the welding apparatus (52).

Abstract: There is here provided butt-welded cans made of steel plates having a carbon concentration of 0.02 to 0.09% by weight, the aforesaid butt-welded cans being characterized in that a coating film for preventing the adhesion of melted metal particles is applied to at least the inner surface of the weld portion and its vicinity of each can, and a carbon concentration index I of the weld portion satisfies the formula (1)I=(Iw/Ic).times.10.sup.3 .ltoreq.15 (1)wherein Iw is a K.alpha. X ray intensity, of carbon in the weld portion, measured by the EPMA method, andIc is a K.alpha. X ray intensity, of carbon in graphite, measured by the EPMA method.

Abstract: An optical fiber communication cable and a process for making it comprise providing at least one optical fiber and surrounding the optical fiber with a high strength drawn copper alloy tube having a generally longitudinally extending seam. The edges of the tube which define the seam are substantially nonlinear deformed edges whose length from the outside of the tube to the inside thereof exceeds the thickness of the tube wall.

Abstract: When the free marginal portions 42 are telescoped within the confines of the peripheral flange 36 preparatory to the soldering operation, inward pressure on the end tank 38 usually is maintained during the soldering operation. Of course, the soldering operation involves the application of heat to both the peripheral flange 36 and the peripheral side wall 40. This sometimes will cause the free marginal portion 42 of the peripheral side wall 40 to deform inwardly away from the peripheral flange 36, thus leaving excessive spacing between the free marginal portion 42 and the peripheral flange 36. In order to avoid this condition, raised dimples 44 are formed in the header plate 34 along the peripheral flange 36 and spaced slightly inward from the latter a distance equal to the thickness of the peripheral side wall 40.

Abstract: A welding fixture for holding a plurality of long component members that are welded along their lengths into an elongate product, having at least three stationary clamps disposed in spaced-apart relation with each other along the long component members, and at least three movable clamps disposed opposite to the stationary clamps, respectively, and cooperating the stationary clamps to clamp the component members in opposite clamping directions toward each other substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the component members. The fixture includes a pivot base disposed pivotally in a plane parallel to the clamping directions, and supporting at least one of the stationary clamps. The pivot base is supported by a supporting device pivotally about a pivot axis which is located on the component members clamped by the movable and stationary clamps.

Abstract: A driveshaft fabricating apparatus is disclosed which achieves the functions of straightening, welding, straightening and balancing of a driveshaft workpiece without necessitating workpiece removal, reloading or otherwise disturbing the original set-up of the workpiece in the machine. The driveshaft fabricating apparatus includes a two-speed drive system, welding apparatus and electronic sensing apparatus for use in the balancing operation and the runout measurement operation. The driveshaft fabricating apparatus also includes a press assembly positioned for use in the straightening operation. During the straightening operation the workpiece is supported solely by the press assembly.

Abstract: A method of making a can body is provided. The method comprises forming a ferromagnetic metal blank into a can body preform having adjacent confronting side edges whose edge faces are spaced, magnetizing the confronting edges to have a reverse polarity to each other, so that the confronting edge faces be attracted to each other and brought into abutting relationship to form an abutting portion, and joining the abutting portion. An apparatus for making a can body according to the method is also provided.

Abstract: An improvement in a continuous rolling mill for forming flat steel strip into tubing. The improvement is a strip preparation station including upper and lower composite roller systems. Each system has end rollers which define a pass path for the strip. The lower end rollers have a support surface for engaging the lower surface of the strip and an outer pocket with a lower transition surface extending between the support surface and the outer pocket. Each of the upper end rollers has an engagement surface for contacting the upper strip surface and an outer flange which terminates below the level of the support surface and extends into the pocket. Each upper end roller has a bevelled working surface adjoining the engagement surface and overlying at least a portion of the transition surface and a portion of the support surface for cold working the irregularities of the strip. A method of preparing a strip for formation into a tube in a continuous rolling mill is also disclosed.

Abstract: A guide rail serves for bringing together the edges of blanks of sheet metal rolled to form cylinders. The guide rail contains curved guide slots for the sheet metal edges. The guide slot bases are planar and converge toward the exit end of the guide rail. The sheet metal edges guided in the curved guide slots tend--after a first weld point has been made--to translate toward one another due to their innate elasticity.

Abstract: An elongated wall formed substantially of metallic material. The wall includes a first surface and a second surface spaced from the first surface. A plurality of spaced knockout portions are disposed in incipient apertures extending through the wall and these knockout portions are adapted to be selectively removed from the remainder of the wall by application of force to the portion to be removed. This force could be applied as by subjecting the knockout to a sharp blow directed to the portion. Each knockout portion so completely fills its corresponding aperture as to render the wall substantially impervious to the passage of fluid. The wall further comprises a coating applied to one of its surfaces. A method of forming the wall is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for preparing the ends of large diameter metal pipe, such as that employed in cross-country pipelines, for welding of two pipe sections in end-to-end relationship with each other. Apparatus is provided for performing the method under which the pipe end to be prepared is first radially expanded uniformly around the entire circumference beyond its elastic limit to a predetermined diameter. While the expanding device holds the pipe end in this expanded position, a lathe aligned and associated with the expanding device is actuated to a machine beveled surface on the pipe end.

Abstract: An improved method of forming a skelp into a rounded tubular form in the preparation of an electric resistance welded steel pipe. Different from conventional methods, the skelp is bent in the initial and intermediate forming stages within a limited region alone along the centerline thereof to have a U-shaped flower pattern. Thereafter, the edge portions of the bent skelp are bent in the upstream fin pass rolls to have a curvature of at least 80% of the final curvature with simultaneous overbending in the boundary regions on both sides of the side portions of the rounded skelp. Finally, the rounded skelp is pressed down in the direction to decrease the vertical diameter to bulge out in the transverse direction with simultaneous unbending the overbent portions into the final curvature.

Abstract: An I-beam fabrication device that positions and aligns two distinct T-shaped beam portions together in a predetermined longitudinally curved configuration and automatically welds the beam portions into a single integral prestressed I-beam capable of increased load capacity.

Abstract: A winding machine for coil bobbins in which a one-piece or divided index carriage is reciprocally movable in its axial direction and reversibly rotatable about the axis. A plurality of slide plates are supported on the carriage for reciprocally slidable movement axially along the carriage and equally angularly spaced from each other, a plurality of bobbin mount jigs project outwardly in one row from each of the slide plates in equally spaced relationship, and a plurality of part guide members corresponding in number to the number of the bobbin mount jigs are provided to guide wire onto and about bobbins loaded on the bobbin mount jigs. A common soldering unit solders wire to the bobbins, a common bobbin feed unit is provided to feed bobbins to the jigs, a product discharge mechanism discharges complete full coil bobbins from the machine and a cut unit is optionally provided to cut wire to a predetermined length.

Abstract: An individually armored fiber optic core assembly having a diameter less than about 0.050" is provided as well as a process for making same. A fiber optic core comprising a fiber optic element and a surrounding protective layer is encased within a drawn metal sheath having a generally longitudinally extending seam. The ratio of the outside diameter of the fiber optic core to the inside diameter of the metal sheath is at least about 0.6:1.

Abstract: An anode cylinder of a magnetron is formed of a rectangular copper plate member. The plate member is curved in a rolling process to be formed into a cylindrical primary workpiece. In a first cold extrusion process, the primary workpiece is forced successively into a first die having an inner diameter shorter than the outer diameter of the primary workpiece and a second die having an inner diameter shorter than that of the first die and arranged in line with the first die. Thus, the primary workpiece is continuously reduced in its outer diameter to be formed into a secondary workpiece. The thickness reduction rate of the primary workpiece used during its passage through each of the first and second dies is limited to 3% or less. The secondary workpiece has its unnecessary portions removed in a cutting process and its seam filled up airtightly in an airtight bonding process.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved apparatus and process for manufacture of tunnel modules and tunnel sections used to build underwater tunnel tubes. A collapsible fixture is used to roll up a steel plate into a cylindrical shell. Cables wrapped around channels on the outer ends of fixtures are used to roll up the fixture along the plate. After the fixture with the shell on it is placed on pedestals for further fabrication, cables placed in the channels are used to rotate the shells. After the fixture is collapsed within the shell, it is raised up by pedestal lifting mechanisms, and wheels provided on the fixture are lowered into place to aid in removal of the fixture from the shell, and onto a roll-out table. Roller mechanisms are also used to aid in the removal of the fixture from the shell. The roll-out table is situated between two sets of pedestals and used in the removal of fixtures from single modules or sets of modules.

Abstract: In a method for roll forming a flat metal strip through a roll forming machine into a round tubular product while the metal strip is being lengthwise fed therethrough, an improved method wherein regions of a specified width extending inward from the edges of said strip are imparted with substantially zero curvature. The tube forming method prevents decrease in the wall thicknesses at the edges when used in the manufacture of a thick walled electric welded pipe, and prevents the occurrence of edge buckling and springback when used in the manufacture of thick walled pipe so that in either case a proper and satisfactory butt junction for subsequent welding can be obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved apparatus and process for manufacture of tunnel modules and tunnel sections used to build underwater tunnel tubes. A collapsible fixture is situated to roll up flat steel plate into a circular shell for the tunnel modules. A hydraulic cylinder is utilized to adjust the diameter of the fixture without collapsing it, in order to close any gaps between the ends of the plate when it is rolled into a shell.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing structures from sheets of material having superplasticity as well as diffusion bonding capabilities wherein a combination of diffusion bonding and superplastic forming is performed concurrently with the use of low pressures and a simple heat furnace. The material to be formed and bonded is placed between and sealed in tooling constructed of materials having different degrees of thermal expansion. A low pressure from an external source is applied between the sheets of material to be formed during heating. Forming shims positioned within the tooling provide areas of diffusion bonding when the applied pressure and differential of tooling expansion force the sheets of material together at the shim locations.

Abstract: Bourdon tubing is constructed from metal strip by roll forming the strip into a desired tubular cross section with the opposed edges abutting longitudinally at a location in the cross section at which contemplated operational stresses are predetermined to be relatively low. After continuously welding the edges in a pressure-tight relation, the tubing can be shaped along its length into a Bourdon tube configuration without need for further metallurgical mill processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an automatic machine for bending the extending conductors of an integrated circuit chip to form contacts for mounting the chip to a substrate. This machine comprises a bending base (20), movable bending pieces (18, 19) situated opposite the bases, a ribbon insulating support (2) for the chip (1), and a platform (27) to displace the support of the chip so as to being the chip onto the base, or to remove it therefrom. This machine is characterized in that the bending base (20) includes a housing (21) having the form of the chip for receiving the chip and having a plane rim (23) adapted to surround the body of the chip. The first movable piece (18) is located in the second movable piece and has a flat rim (24) opposite the flat rim (23) of the base. The extending conductors are wedged during the bending operation between these two rims (23, 24) and the bending is carried out by the second movable piece (19) which moves rectilinearly in a vertical direction.

Abstract: For producing steel pipe from thick steel plate, an up-set shrinker is employed for reducing and processing an O-shaped pipe-blank in a facility for producing thick wall steel pipe. The up-set shrinker is provided with a plurality of reducing shrinker dies located around the pipe-blank in correspondence to parts other than abutting parts of the edges of the pipe-blank, and with at least one edge processing shrinker die located in correspondence to the butting parts of the edges of the pipe-blank. The edge processing shrinker die is formed at its die surface with a projecting portion over the length of the die. The edge processing shrinker die is actuated independently of the reducing shrinker dies.

Abstract: A process for producing large-sized steel pipe of rectangular or square configuration from a single plate includes providing a predetermined length of steel plate. The plate is bent to form a longitudinally extending base, opposed sidewalls and a top wall. The top wall is constituted by inwardly directed extensions of the sidewalls which terminate in spaced apart longitudinally extending edges. The sidewalls are angularly disposed relative to the base. At least one inner roller having outwardly facing substantially planar surfaces is positioned within the bent plate upon the base thereof. Outer rollers are positioned externally of the bent plate so as to be cooperable with the underside of the base and with the sidewalls. Relative longitudinal movement between the rollers and the bent plate is effected, the outer sidewall rollers are pressed against the planar surfaces of the inner rollers, and the longitudinally extending edges are brought into substantially abutting relationship.

Abstract: A metal pipe forming mill progressively forms a flat metal sheet into a circular form along the mill axis by forming rolls including pairs of cage rolls. A cage-roll unit in this type of mill has a pair of movable bases disposed on both sides of the mill axis, with the space between the two movable bases being freely adjustable, and a pair of stands mounted on the movable bases, one on each. The stands rotatably support, on their surfaces facing the mill axis, two or more pairs of cage rolls, one pair following another along the mill line.

Abstract: Tooling for use in an autoclave or a hot press for the superplastic forming and diffusion bonding of metals which tooling includes upper and lower portions with a labyrinth seal therebetween having inert counterflowing gas introduced thereto to prevent contamination from flowing across the seal to attack the metal being processed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing thin-walled metal tubes and structures utilizing thin-walled metal tubes. A continuous metal tube is formed by passing longitudinally-extending metal tape through forming tools which bend the lateral edges of the metal tape towards each other to form the tube. A continuous wire or tape is wrapped in the form of a helix around the tube. The wrapped tube is heated to melt soldering material that joins the lateral edges of the folded metal tape to each other. The soldering material can take the form of a separate sheet positioned between the wire or tape and the folded tube, a coating applied to the wire or tape, or a coating applied to a surface of the metal tape. The thin-walled tube is attached to other members to form composite structures.

Abstract: A more versatile and improved mechanism is provided for internally maintaining can side seams uniformly aligned, for instance as they advance from a forming horn for registration with a molten solder jet or equivalent applicator. In a preferred form an elongated cage-type horn extension comprises circumferentially spaced rods or tubes arranged to progressively deflect successive can bodies thereon radially outwardly from circular to ellipsoidal cross-section. The extension incorporates interchangeable slot formations selectively to accurately guide and accommodate different seam widths. The rods or tubes, when worn from use, may be rotated about their axes to present fresh, unworn surfaces engageable with the can interiors on their side seams. The invention insures uniformity of the soldered side-seam joints and avoids interference with lithography on the can bodies.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of longitudinal-seam welded tubes of substantial thickness is provided in which a strip of steel is curled to form a longitudinally slit tube and the slit is welded in a longitudinal-seam welding plant and in which the seam-welded tube thus produced is fed into a tandem arranged reducing mill, in which it is rolled in the longitudinal direction of the tube between the stands of the reducing mill without being subjected to longitudinal tension while at the same time its external diameter is reduced. A longitudinal seam-welded tube made by the method is claimed.

Abstract: Apparatus for preparing two tubes to be welded together at their ends and for placing the ends in opposed, abutting relationship for welding. The apparatus includes means for annealing a portion or length of each tube, and means for stretching the portion or length of each tube for straightening purposes after it is annealed. In addition, the apparatus includes means for severing an end portion of the annealed length of each tube to provide two annealed tube ends for abutting and welding together. Further, the apparatus includes means for forcing the abutting ends of the tubes together in a manner that will upset the material of the tube ends during welding.

Abstract: An assembly system for assembling microcomponents of semi-conductor or other electronic devices includes on a unitary machine frame the tooling for precision excising tape mounted microcomponents, precision forming their electrical leads, placement of the components in correct registration with conductors on a pre-positioned substrate, and bonding the formed leads to the conductors.

Abstract: A boom is made by joining two tubular members to a cast iron elbow section. The tubular members are made from plate formed into tubes with a longitudinally welded seam. The tube seams are located below a horizontal axis of the respective tube members and circumferentially between the horizontal and vertical axes thereof to dispose the weld seam on a lower side of the boom. Pivotal boom connection means are further welded to each free end of the boom and to the elbow section.

Abstract: A pallet-mounted container for liquids comprises a synthetic resin container in a metal shell that supports the container. The metal shell is a sheet metal jacket with a welded-on lid and bottom and is attached to a supporting wooden pallet. The shell is formed, starting from a tube with a longitudinal welded seam. The tube is then deformed by fluid pressure by a fluid pressure press to a rectangular cross section with rounded corners, having two long sides and two short sides. The welded seam is on one of the short sides; and the long sides are stretched beyond their elastic limit between the expansion jaws of the press. A vertically spaced apart series of peepholes is provided along one corner, for visually detecting liquid level through the translucent material of the liner.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sheet-metal container the body of which is obtained by forming a metal sheet into a tube; two opposite edges of said metal sheet being thus joined and assembled each other, wherein the improvement consists in that said opposite edges are welded together by the action of a laser beam.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing metal pipe. The edges of a metal plate are bent up slightly, and the thus bent plate is then bent into a U-shape cross-section blank. The U-shape blank is finish-formed into an O-shaped blank with the longitudinal edges opposed to each other in a position for welding by placing one end of the U-shaped blank into at least one two-part die the parts of which are movable toward and away from each other.

Abstract: A clinching machine for clinching the leads of a connector on a circuit board includes a top wall which provides a work surface having an opening for receiving the leads and a clamp for clamping the circuit board and the connector in place against the work surface. A pair of clinching jaws, each having a pair of work faces intersecting at an angle of less than 90.degree., are pivotably mounted in fixed relationship adjacent to the opening. Pneumatic actuators first cause the clamp to engage the circuit board and the connector, and then cause the jaws to pivot, thereby drawing the leads into close contact with land areas on the circuit board. The amount of rotation of the jaws corresponds to the difference between the intersecting angle and 90.degree..

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a structure in outer space from rolls of prepunched ribbon or sheet material that are transported from the earth to the apparatus located in outer space. The apparatus spins the space structure similar to a spider spinning a web utilizing the prepunched ribbon material. The prepunched ribbon material is fed through the apparatus and is shaped into a predetermined channel-shaped configuration. Trusses are punched out of the ribbon and are bent downwardly and attached to a track which normally is a previously laid sheet of material. The size of the overall space structure may be increased by merely attaching an additional roll of sheet material to the apparatus.

Abstract: A method of producing a welded square steel tube from a single steel plate by preparing the opposite side edges of the plate for welding, bending the plate at the portions corresponding to the four corners of the square tube, fitting together the opposed edges of the bent plate, subjecting the edges to tack welding, welding together the opposed edges from inside and outside the tubular bent plate and straightening the resulting tube. These steps are conducted in succession while the steel plate is being conveyed in its longitudinal direction. An apparatus for practicing this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of shaping interconnect leads which have been cut from an interconnect lead tape and have a semiconductor chip attached thereto. With a semiconductor chip attached to the interconnect leads of one section of an interconnect lead tape, and either during or after cutting of such leads from the remaining portion of the tape by means of a punch and matrix, a pressure differential is developed across the leads and chip to shape the leads to a desired and repeatable uniform configuration. While this pressure differential is applied, the free ends of the leads are held in one plane, such that the semiconductor chip is translated to a position which is spaced from the plane in which the free ends of the leads are held, thus bending the leads to conform to this change in position. This shaping can occur either before, during, or after the free ends of such interconnect leads are bonded to a lead frame.

Abstract: In the process of assembling long, large diameter cylinders by welding together two or more relatively short cylinders of the same diameter, apparatus for facilitating the butt welding of the two cylinders comprises, a substantially horizontal boom which is supported by a horizontal trolley attached to a first vertical wall. Two circular cylindrical shells are rolled from sheets of the same width and to substantially the same diameter. They are supported on a plurality of pairs of rollers, which are adapted to coaxially support the two cylinders end to end. The boom includes at its outer end a hydraulic cylinder and piston, with the piston carrying a face plate, with the face concave and of the same radius of curvature as the cylinders. There is a second support wall on the side of the cylinders opposite to the boom, so that a force can be exerted by the piston against the cylinders, to reduce the horizontal diameter of one so as to match that of the other.

Abstract: The invention covers a method of and tools for producing structures from suitable materials which are sequentially formed superplastically and then diffusion bonded using forming dies that are flexible to conform to desired contours imparted to the mating dies, which can accommodate compound curvatures, and which utilize fluid pressures internal to the tool to force the dies to conform as well as to achieve forming and bonding. The tools consist of a forming die providing contoured cavities or recesses for shaping a superplastically formable component, a flexible die having a shape of the finished structure and cooperating with the forming die, a fluid container for pressure fluid to operate the flexible die, and a retaining structure that cooperates with the forming die to contain and direct the forming pressure in the desired manner.

Abstract: A large diameter rocket launch tube comprised of a pair of thin sheets wh are rolled and positioned in concentric relation with the seams disposed in spaced (180.degree.) relation. A pair of reinforcing weld strips are positioned inside the tube adjacent the seams, and a second pair of reinforcing strips are positioned inside the tube intermediate the first pair of strips. A bonding agent is spread on the inner tube and the tubes are assembled and spot welded prior to having the adhesive cured.

Abstract: A method of treating steel pipe made by forming and welding a mother plate. The pipe is shrunk in the radial direction by applying compressive radial pressure to the outside surface of the pipe to reduce the pipe diameter by at least about 1%. The shrinking of the pipe increases the circumferential compressive yield strength and decreases the circumferential tensile yield strength. The pipe is then heated to a temperature below the transformation temperature of the steel but high enough to increase the circumferential tensile yield strength of the pipe, preferably at least about 15% above the tensile yield strength of the mother plate. The heating step does not significantly decrease the high circumferential compressive yield strength of the pipe. The pipe is preferably heated to a temperature within the range of from about 500.degree. F to about 1000.degree. F, and the preferred heating technique is induction heating.

Abstract: Apparatus for making a spiral muffler includes a mandrel for spirally winding a metal strip while maintaining a predetermined spaced relationship between the wound portions, with the strip being welded to a pair of side plates as it is wound.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for applying gold contacts to a metal member comprising an ultrasonic welding unit, a welding zone for receiving and superposing the foil element and metal member, a stripping plate disposed in the welding zone between the element and the member having an opening therein for superposing and welding the element and member. The gold foil element is welded to the metal member and the stripping plate separates the unwelded portion of the gold foil from the welded portion to leave the welded portion of the gold foil attached to the metal member.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an elongated groove and contiguous dam on a member, such as the push plate of a bulldozer blade, comprises a pair of support and guide assemblies defining a space therebetween. The member is fed through the space and a forming roller, rotatably mounted on one of the assemblies, forms the groove and dam on the member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming truss members which comprise oppositely disposed channel members and struts interconnected to one another by alternately extending apices wherein the apices are welded to the channel members. The method and apparatus provides for simultaneously forming channel members from a pair of endless strips and the strut members from an endless third strip, guiding the channels in a predetermined relation to one another with the third strip therebetween and thereafter welding the apices to the channel members.

Abstract: A new and improved butterfly valve, and particularly, an inexpensive seal therefor. A valve body having a fluid passage is provided with a flexible valve seat about the periphery of the passage, while a butterfly valve disc is journalled within the passage for movement between an open and closed position and includes an annular, radially outwardly extending, peripheral lip. The lip receives a C-shaped hoop which may be stamped, rolled or extruded from a corrosion resistant material for sealingly engaging the valve seat when the disc is in the closed position. Suitable sealing means may be interposed between the hoop and the valve disc. The use of such a hoop permits the construction of a more economical valve than those heretofore known.

Abstract: An improved method for forming sheet metal around straight tubes and an apparatus for performing same is provided. A sheet is clamped along two parallel spaced apart locations by clamps by placing the straight part of the tube between said parallel locations, parallel with the clamps, and adjacent thereto. The clamps are then moved toward each other to thereby bend the sheet around the tube.

Abstract: A container making machine for forming a plurality of identical equidistantly spaced recesses in aluminum strips which are subsequently welded to each other to form compartments for reception of suppositories or the like, in which the strips prior to the forming of the recesses therein are first provided with closely spaced small corrugations extending transversely to the strips to permit the subsequent forming of relatively deep recesses therein without tearing of the strip material. The machine includes corrugation forming rollers, recess forming means downstream of the rollers, heat welding means downstream of the recess forming means, and means for transporting the strips stepwise through the nip of the corrugation forming rollers, the recess forming means and the heat wleding means.