Abstract: There is provided a rolled plate joining apparatus equipped with a truck that can travel reversibly in the rolling direction, tailing end pinch rolls that are mounted on the truck and can be moved vertically with the tailing end of a preceding rolled plate pinched horizontally, leading end pinch rolls that are mounted on the truck and can pinch horizontally the leading end of a succeeding rolled plate, machining apparatuses for cutting one surface of the tailing end of the preceding rolled plate and the other surface of the leading end of the succeeding rolled plate, and a pressure welding apparatus for compressing the preceding rolled plate and the succeeding rolled plate with the machined surfaces of the preceding rolled plate and the succeeding rolled plate overlapped to reduce them approximately to the thickness of the rolled plates, including a tailing end centering apparatus placed between the tailing end pinch rolls and the pressure welding apparatus for pressing the opposite width ends of the tailing

Abstract: The invention comprises a continuous hot rolling method in which a rear end portion of a preceding metal block and a fore end portion of a succeeding metal block are cut and the metal blocks are joined to each other by heng and pressing followed by a finish rolling. A region of each metal block is restrained from a clamping position to the end portion thereof in order to prevent a change in level of the metal blocks in heating and pressing the piece. The end portions of the metal blocks can be thus prevented from deformation.

Abstract: Method for the fabrication of cones of sheet material where the blank includes two curved edges that are circular and have the radius R and r respectively and a common center C. The blank further has two straight lateral edges which are angled in relation to the circular edges. An angle .alpha. between the radius, through a corner and a first straight edge is as great as an angle .beta. between the radius through a second straight edge. A frustum of a cone is obtained from the blank after rolling the cone such that the lateral edges have been united to make a joint that runs helically around the cone.

Abstract: A plurality of materials are rolled in an upstream stand. While the transfer speed of a succeeding material and the front end position thereof are detected, the transfer speed and the rear end position of a preceding material are detected by a measuring roll. The transfer speed of the succeeding material is controlled by adjusting at least the drive speed of the pinch rolls so that the front end of the succeeding material contacts the rear end of the preceding material at a specified position in a travelling welder. The rear end of the preceding material is joined with the front end of the succeeding material by flash-butt welding using the travelling welder to form a continuous material while letting the travelling welder move at a speed synchronous with the transfer speed of the continuous material. The welded portion on the continuous material is ground and/or cut to remove burr therefrom. After removing the burr, the continuous material is continuously rolled by a down-stream stand.

Abstract: A continuous hot rolling method including the steps of: cutting the tail portion of a preceding material in a steel product and the front portion of a succeeding material in the steel product to form butt faces; previously determining the thickness of scale created on the butt faces to determine the proportion of the weight of the scale; calculating the amount of oxygen dissolved in a weld molten zone, determining a deoxidation capacity of a deoxidizer for deoxidizing the above amount of oxygen; allowing the butt faces to abut against each other to form a butt area; applying a laser beam to the butt area to form a weld molten zone; incorporating the deoxidizer having the above deoxidation capacity into the weld molten zone; and hot rolling the molten joined steel product.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing clad metal plate products by assembling in a stacked array a bottom base plate, a first cladding plate, a second cladding plate and a top base plate, with a separator compound layer between the first and second cladding plates. The peripheral dimensions of the cladding plates being less than the peripheral dimensions of the base plates. A metal rail is welded between the base plates and circumferentially of the cladding plates to form an assembly having a closed environment encompassing the cladding plates. Substantially all water and oxygen are removed from the closed environment. The assembly is then heated to an initial temperature of at least about 1850.degree. F. and, while heated, is rolled or hydraulically pressed to cause the first cladding plate to bond to the bottom base plate and the second cladding plate to bond to the top base plate. Separating the assembly at the separator compound layer provides a first and a second clad plate.

Abstract: A continuous rolling method includes the steps of: flash-butt welding a rear end of a preceding billet with a front end of a succeeding billet; grinding the welded portion to remove a burr on the welded portion; heating the continuous billet; and rolling the continuous billet through a series of rolling mills. The flash-butt welding step includes joining the rear end of the preceding billet with the front end of the succeeding billet by using the stationary welder and joining the billets having at least double the length of the preceding billet by using the travelling welder. A continuous rolling apparatus includes a stationary flash-butt welder, a travelling flash-butt welder, a travelling grinding machine, an induction heater and a series of continuous rolling mills.

Abstract: According to the invention, the rear end of a preceding metal piece and a front end of a succeeding metal piece are heated, pressed and joined prior to the finishing hot rolling. An alternating magnetic field running through the metal pieces in the thickness direction thereof is generated in an end region on opposed faces of the respective metal pieces to perform heating. Another alternating magnetic field whose direction is reverse with respect to that of the former alternating magnetic field is partially generated in the end region on the opposed faces of the metal pieces and in either a region where the metal pieces exist or a region outside width ends of the metal pieces. This assures a uniform heating of the end region on the opposed faces of the metal pieces over their full width to reliably join the both metal pieces to each other.

Abstract: Method is for welding billets leaving a heating furnace in a rolling line, the line including, in the segment (10) between the heating furnace (11) and the first rolling stand, at least a drawing unit (14), a rollerway to transport the billets, a movable welding assembly (20) with welding jaws (31) and an emergency shears (13). The trailing end of the billet (12a) being rolled is welded to the leading end of the billet (12b) unloaded afterwards from the furnace (11) while the billets (12) are in movement by a welding assembly (20) mounted on a movable trolley (19). The movable trolley (19) is taken substantially to the rolling speed, grips the billets (12) with the jaws (31) of the welding unit (20) and welds the ends of the billets (12).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously finishing hot-rolling steel strips include partially joining a rear end of a preceding steel strip and a leading end of a succeeding steel strip after the strips have passed through a rough hot-rolling step. The joint is flattened. The joint is rolled with a first stand of a tandem rolling mill. The mill is provided with a plurality of stands that includes a pair of work rolls and backup rolls and/or intermediate rolls, so that a compression stress acts at the unjointed section of the strips in the longitudinal direction of the joint while tracking the joint. Shape-control-rolling is performed on the joint with a second and succeeding stands so that a section of the steel strip other than the joint is subjected to the shape-control-rolling at all the stands.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for maintaining seam alignment in seam welded tubes comprising the tube being formed to be advanced through a shaping station after seam welding and prior to the cooling of tube wherein the tube is preformed to commence to assume at least two continuously extending flat shaped surfaces parallel with the continuous seam and contacting the preformed tube subsequent to the cooling to maintain alignment of the weld seam.

Abstract: The invention comprises a continuous hot rolling method in which a rear end portion of a preceding metal block and a fore end portion of a succeeding metal block are cut and the metal blocks are joined to each other by heating and pressing followed by a finish rolling. A region of each metal block is restrained from a clamping position to the end portion thereof in order to prevent a change in level of the metal blocks in heating and pressing the piece. The end portions of the metal blocks can be thus prevented from deformation.

Abstract: A system and method for mechanically forming a ceramic superconductor product. A system for making the ceramic superconductor includes a metallic channel portion having a cross section for receiving a ceramic superconductor powder, a roll to mechanically reduce the channel cross section and included superconductor powder and a cap portion welded to the channel portion using a localized high energy source. The assembled bar is then mechanically reduced to form a tape or wire end product.

Abstract: In a rolling and cutting method for an endless hot-rolled steel strip comprising continuous hot rolling and joining rough-rolled slabs to each other with a joint having a boundary between slabs, subjecting the joined rough-rolled strip continuously to hot finish rolling to obtain an endless hot-rolled steel strip with a joint having a boundary between strips, cutting the endless hot-rolled steel strip immediately before coiling, and coiling each cut strip into a coil, the endless hot-rolled steel strip being cut such that the boundary between two successive slabs or sheets is positioned on the radially outermost face of the coil; the target cut point is set relative to the boundary by applying the tracking error of the boundary and the cutting control error for ensuring that the target cut point is accurately positioned on the radially outermost surface of the coil; the strip is kept from breaking at the boundary when coiled, and the coil as a final product can be produced with minimum scrap.

Abstract: A sheet crown control method and apparatus for use in endless rolling in which consecutively fed sheets are joined to each other to be continuously rolled through a rolling equipment line. The rolling equipment line includes a junction device for joining consecutively fed sheets to each other, a plurality of stands arranged in tandem on the downstream side of the junction device and having a roll bender load adjusting mechanism and a roll crossing mechanism. The roll cross angle of rolls incorporated in a stand of each rolling mill is set at a predetermined value beforehand if there is a roll cross angle that will enable a target sheet crown to be applied to each sheet and the roll bender load of each stand is adjusted on-line, thereby effecting sheet crown control. Rolling also may be performed while adjusting the roll cross angle of rolls incorporated in stands of each rolling mill on-line together with the roll bender load.

Abstract: In the continuous manufacture of hot strip material, slabs are produced by a pair of continuous casters and heated to a rolling temperature in a bi-level roller hearth furnace. Hot slabs are discharged from the bi-level furnace alternately from its upper and lower roller hearths. The slabs are then scarfed to clean oxide scale from both sides and to heat the slabs to a temperature of about 2300.degree. F. The scarfed ends of adjacent slabs are overlapped and passed through a two high slab mill welder wherein the overlapped ends are joined together. The joined slabs are thereafter finish rolled to strip gauge in a continuous multi-stand hot strip mill.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing tubes filled with powdery and/or granular substances comprising the steps of forming a metal strip into a tube, feeding powdery and/or granular substances into the tube being formed as a core, joining together the edges of the tube filled with the core of the powdery and/or granular substances by high-frequency welding, and reducing the diameter of the welded tube filled with the core of the powdery and/or granular substances. At least the top layer of the core in the tube is composed of powdery and/or granular substances having low enough magnetic susceptibility to remain unattracted to the magnetized tube edges that is determined based on the welding heat input.

Abstract: A profiled wire such as a toothed card roll wire, is made by first fitting together at least two longitudinally extending starting wires each of a predetermined cross-sectional size and each having a longitudinally extending surface region by engaging the regions together transversely and thereby forming a longitudinally extending interface. The fitted-together wires are then bonded together at the interface and the joined wires are subsequently profile pressed, that is deformed by rolling or drawing, while maintaining constant the relationship between the cross-sectional sizes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the starting wires. A toothed wire for a card roll can be made by further forming one of the profiled sections as a root section to be seated into a groove of the card roll and the other section as a blade with card teeth therein and hardening the formed blade section.

Abstract: In this invention, a back end portion of a preceding sheet bar and a front end of a succeeding sheet bar are cut in a transfer line at an entrance side of a finish rolling mill so that at least both side edge regions of these sheet bars are contacted with each other at a butted contact state thereof and a gap is formed between both end portions and then portions to be joined int he preceding and succeeding sheet bars are locally heated and pushed to join them while gradually enlarging a joining area, whereby the required time is largely reduced as compared with the conventional technique and also it is attempted to miniaturize the heating apparatus and shorten the length of the apparatus.

Abstract: In the continuously hot rolling of plural sheet bars, in order to simply and surely join the sheet bars to the back end portion of the preceding sheet bar and the front end portion of the succeeding sheet bar are prejoined by butting to each other at an entrance side of a finish rolling mill and then bitten into the finish rolling mill, during which the joining of the sheet bars are promoted to conduct the continuous rolling.

Abstract: A trailing end of a preceding bar is arranged slantingly by an angle .theta. relative to a succeeding bar such that the lower edge of the leading end face of the succeeding bar is vertically shifted from the lower edge of the trailing end face of the preceding bar with the leading end face of the succeeding bar abutting against the trailing end face of the preceding bar. After that, the succeeding bar is vertically depressed by applying a predetermined force. Since the trailing end face is inclined by .theta. relative to the leading end face, the depression causes a relative slide between surfaces of both the end faces and, at the same time, a pressure P is also produced by the wedge effect, the pressure P causing a compression force and a plastic deformation between both the end faces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of efficiently manufacturing a spotwise partial clad material, which is used for a lead frame of a semiconductor integrated circuit such as a flat package. According to the method, a substrate material to which metal foil pieces having a determined size have been tacked at a highly accurate pitch is prepared by continuously pre-tacking a metal foil as fed at a constant feeding rate to a substrate material as fed also at a constant feeding rate at determined intervals by spot-welding by any of resistance welding, ultrasonic welding or laser welding or thereafter cutting and removing the unnecessary parts by laser-cutting or by the use of rotary cutters, or alternatively, it is prepared by cutting a metal foil as fed at a constant feeding rate with a punch with simultaneously tacking the resulting metal foil piece to a substrate material as fed also at a constant feeding rate by spot-welding of using the punch as an electroconductive material part.

Abstract: In a continuous hot strip rolling system in which bars are joined between a roughing train and a finishing train for continuous rolling, the roughing train includes two two-high twin-roll arranged stands each having two pairs of work rolls. The four two-high mills provided by the two twin-roll arranged stands including four pairs of work rolls are disposed close to each other so as to provide a tandem rolling in which a material to be rolled is rolled simultaneously by the two adjacent mills. A slab having a thickness of 200 to 240 mm is rolled by the two twin-roll arranged stands to obtain a bar of about 80 mm. A width press is provided near the entrance of the No. 1 stand. A descaling device is provided at the entrance of each of the two stands. The descaling device has a nozzle which is movable in the direction transverse to the direction of travel of the material to be rolled. A non-driven roll edger is provided at the exit of each of the two stands.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing tubes filled with powdery and/or granular substances, such as flux-cored welding wires. A tube filled with a powdery and/or granular substance is continuously manufactured by forming a metal strip being fed in its longitudinal direction into an unwelded tube (1a) using forming rolls (2), feeding a powdery and/or granular substance (F) into the unwelded tube (1a) being formed through its opening, butt-welding together fringing edges of the opening, and reducing the diameter of the welded tube (1b). An allowable minimum heat input below which cold cracking occurs and a maximum allowable heat input above which spatters whose diameter is not smaller than 0.83 times the inside diameter of the finished tube are generated are determined in advance, and the butt welding is performed with a heat input larger than the allowable minimum heat input and smaller than the allowable maximum heat input.

Abstract: A method of splicing together metal webs for use in planography with the ends thereof being butted or lapped against each other. In the metal web splicing method, the ends of the metal webs are spliced together in a butted manner, the spliced portion thereof is welded, and the welded spliced portion is rolled. According to the splicing method, there is no level difference in the welded spliced portion, which eliminates the possibility of the spliced metal webs being broken during the movement thereof and also has no adverse effect on the coating process for the spliced metal webs.

Abstract: A rod made of a hard material is inserted into a pipe made of a relatively soft material, and a two-element arrangement having an intermediate size is obtained by hot-rolling and drawing. In these steps, the cross section is reduced by at least 50%. Subsequently, another pipe of the soft material is fitted onto the two-element arrangement, and the so-obtained three-element arrangement is adjusted to its final size by means of hot or cold rolling followed by cold drawing.

Abstract: A method of making a composite having superconducting capability is characterized by the steps: (1) forming a mixture of particulate yttrium or rare earth, that is alloyable with Ba and Cu, with particulate Ba, Cu, and Ag, where Ag additive is present in an amount of from 2 weight % to 30 weight % of the mixture, where the Ag additive has a particle size from 0.01 micrometer to 5 micrometers, (2) melting the mixture, (3) forming on a support surface a 10% to 30% porous ribbon of alloy having an interior Ag network, (4) removing the ribbon, (5) placing the ribbon alloy on top of a metal sheet, (6) placing a metal sheet on top of the ribbon alloy, (7) sealing the ribbon alloy within the metal sheets to form a composite, (8) uni-directional rolling the composite to reduce its cross-section, and (9) annealing the composite at from 100.degree. C. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for splicing together metal webs with the ends thereof being butted against each other or slightly lapped on each other. In the metal web splicing apparatus, there is provided a reduction roller which comprises a hold portion having a first radius and a projected portion having a second radius slightly greater than the first radius. With use of the reduction roller, while both sides of the weld spliced portion of the metal webs are being held and fixed by the hold portion of the roller, the weld spliced portion is rolled by the projected portion of the roller, thereby preventing escape of the rolled portion.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing a bimetal for use as a material for a plain bearing. A copper alloy powder is placed on a back steel. The back metal and the copper alloy powder are preheated to a temperature near a Curie point of the steel in a reducing atmosphere by high-frequency induction heating. The preheated back steel and copper alloy powder are heated to a temperature of 770.degree. C. to 950.degree. C. in one of an electric resistance furnace and a gas furnace in a reducing atmosphere so that the copper alloy powder is sintered to form a sintered copper alloy layer and at the same time the sintered copper alloy layer is bonded to the back steel, thereby producing the bimetal.

Abstract: A method of splicing together leading and following webs which are delivered successively. In the splicing method, when the leading and following webs are different in shape or material from each other, there is interposed between the leading and following webs a dummy web for increasing the strength of splicing of the webs. Also, when the leading and following webs are welded and spliced togethr, the two webs are in part lapped on each other and the lapped portions thereof are cut inclined with respect to the width direction of the webs. After waste materials produced from the cutting are removed, the ends of the webs are butted against each other or slightly lapped on each other and are then welded together. A welded and spliced portion, which includes a fusion portion and a recrystallized portion produced due to heat during welding, is formed such that a difference between the web thickness of the recrystallized portion and the thickness of the adjoining portions of the recrystallized portion is within .

Abstract: A multi-gauge composite metal strip is produced from a plurality of individual metal strips of different thicknesses. The individual strips are heated, passed through an oxide reducing atmosphere and are then directed between a pair of work rolls with their adjacent edges arranged in a mutually overlapping relationship. The rolling action effects a reduction in the thickness of each strip while simultaneously effecting solid phase bonding of their overlapping edges. The resulting composite multi-gauge strip is subjected to tensile stresses which exceed the yield strength of the strip materials at the time and in the condition at which the composite strip exits from between the work rolls.

Abstract: A method of splicing together metal webs for use in planography with the ends thereof being butted or lapped against each other. In the metal web splicing method, the ends of the metal webs are spliced together in a butted manner, the splice portion thereof is welded, and the welded splice portion is rolled. According to the splicing method, there is left no level difference in the welded splice portion, which eliminates the possibility of the spliced metal webs being broken during the movement thereof and also has no ill effect on the coating process for the spliced metal webs.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for the production of clad hot rolled strip. A steel slab as base material is cladded with a layer material of a corrosion-resistnt material. The slab is of a low-alloy steel having a carbon content of up to 0.25% by weight, the layer material preferably is stainless, more particularly a stainless austenitic steel or a wrought alloy on a nickel basis. The steel slab and the layer material are connected by explosive cladding, the resulting composite body being heated to rolling temperature and is subsequently rolled down to one quarter of the initial thickness with a high reduction of pass of phi greater than 0.10 and then rolled to final thickness of the hot rolled strip. The finish rolling temperature is in the range of 900.degree. C. The clad hot rolled strip is subjected to a cooling rate in the core of at least 8.degree. C./s to a cooling temperature of below 650.degree. C.

Abstract: To obtain a composite material which has a substantially reduced incidence of defects after forming, there is made a composite having at least one layer of plain-carbon steel and, between it and a layer of stainless steel, an interleaving layer of silicon steel.

Abstract: In a roller leveler having a number of work rollers, an improvement is proposed when a junction of metal web passes. Position detecting circuitry detects the junction of the metal web to output a detection signal. In response to the detection signal, an arithmetic unit applies an instruction signal to a depression control unit so that an amount of adjustment to be given to the metal web in the roller leveler is controlled to a suitable value.

Abstract: In a method for producing a clad plate by rolling an improvement comprises: a base material, a cladding material, and a cover material overlaid one on another to form a multi-layer structure, and after cleaning joining surfaces of the materials, the cover material is welded to the base material along the periphery thereof, thereby sealing and fixing the cladding material between the cover material and base material, and forming a multi-layer assembly. A member for preventing warp is overlaid over an outer surface of the cover material via a separating agent, and the member for preventing warp and the base material are fixed to one another by welding along the periphery thereof, thereby forming a blank for rolling. The blank is hot-rolled, a rolled article is cut along its periphery to separate the means for preventing warp, and subsequently, the cover material is removed by machining, grinding, or pickling.

Abstract: A continuous steel hot-rolling method and apparatus for successively bonding a plurality of steel pieces of a predetermined length and maintained at a high temperature so as to form a continuous train of the steel pieces for roll by a rolling mill. The apparatus includes a holding device for holding a trailing end of a preceding steel piece and a leading end of a succeeding steel piece. A device is provided for shearing the ends of the steel pieces while the ends are held by the holding device. A device heats the sheared trailing end of the preceding steel piece and the sheared leading end of the succeeding steel piece to a predetermined temperature, with a device being provided for driving at least one of the preceding and following steel pieces along a travel path of the steel pieces to press and bond the heated trailing end surface of the preceding steel piece and the heated leading end surface of the succeeding steel piece.

Abstract: In a method of producing heavy plate of steel, a prematerial is hot-rolled in several passes. As the prematerial at least two slabs of the same steel quality are superposed so as to form a pack and are welded by roll-bonding and reduced in thickness.

Abstract: Rounds are clad by weld-depositing austenitic materials on the outside and, subsequently, an axial bore is drilled, followed by extrusion or cold-pilger-rolling or both. The cladding layer and the bore diameter must follow particular rules, the ferrite content of the clad material must not exceed 50%, preferably not 10%.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an internally clad tubular product employing a tubular host such as steel, including the steps of plating the internal surface of the tubular host with a low melting point bonding metal alloy, inserting a tubular clad member, such as of nickel base alloy, into the plated tubular host, circumferentially welding one end of the cladding member to one end of the host member directly and welding the other ends in such a manner as to incorporate a metallic gas reservoir, thus forming a subassembly, evacuating the annular space formed in the subassembly between the exterior of the cladding member and the interior of the tubular host of water vapor and oxygen, heating the subassembly to about 1650.degree. to 2000.degree. F. thereby melting the bonding metal alloy, and hot rolling the heated subassembly to metallically bond the cladding member to the tubular host by means of the mechanism of liquid interface diffusion bonding.

Abstract: A titanium clad steel plate is formed by conversion rolling an explosively bonded composite which includes intermediate layer selected from tantalum or niobium in alloyed or unalloyed form. The process is particularly characterized by the inclusion of a second intermediate layer of cooper or nickel between the steel and the first intermediate layer. After explosion bonding of this four layered composite, the same may be preheated to for 1 hour at, e.g., 830.degree. C. before hot rolling to a thickness of one fifth that of the composite.

Abstract: While the leading end of a first heated workpiece is processed in a rolling mill, the trailing end is joined to the leading end of a second heated workpiece. End portions of the workpieces at the gap therebetween are held by clamp members at a spaced-apart location so that both workpieces advance at the same speed toward the rolling mill. The end portions of the workpieces are cleaned to remove scale and then a mold is positioned to span the gap and contact the end parts of the workpieces. Liquid-weld metal is introduced into the mold and allowed to at least partially solidify before the mold is removed while the rolling operation continues. The weld metal substantially solidifies and is passed through the rolling mill.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the manufacture of heat exchanger elements. A pair of strips of weldable material e.g. high-grade steel is welded together in such a way that on both sides a longitudinally extending weld seam is formed, said pair of strips between said longitudinally extending weld seam defining a longitudinal channel which extends parallel to the weld seams and which serves for the conduction of heating or cooling agents. At least one of the strips is first provided with at least one longitudinally extending groove and is longitudinally welded to the other strip of the pair of strips in such a way that the groove forms with the part of the other strip covering it a longitudinal channel. A liquid filler material is poured into the longitudinal channel and solidified by cooling to below its freezing point.

Abstract: A heat exchanger such as a radiator for an automotive engine is produced by fixing lengths of flattened tubes and corrugated fins to each other by brazing within a furnace. The flattened tube is formed by bending a strip and welding the opposing edges of the bent strip to each other to form a tube of a substantially circular cross-section, and applying pressure to the tube along the weld line to form the flattened tube while depressing the tube wall along the weld line to form an elongated recess or groove along the weld line. Then, a brazing material is applied to the outer surfaces of the flattened tube to cover and fill up any minute weld defects which may exist in the flattened tube whereby the weld defects are repaired.

Abstract: A process for producing a flush edge protected laminate of an inner sheet of a corrodable metal sandwiched between outer sheets of a protective metal which comprises attaching a C-shaped channel of the protective metal over the edge to be protected and rolling the laminate with the attached channel so that the channel is deformed to form a protective edge whose overlapping sides are flush with the upper and lower surfaces of the laminate; and a protected edge bi-metallic laminate prepared by the process.

Abstract: In a method of producing heavy plate of steel, a prematerial is hot-rolled in several passes. As the prematerial at least two slabs of the same steel quality are superposed so as to form a pack and are welded by roll-bonding and reduced in thickness.

Abstract: The weld zone in Hastelloy X nickel superalloy is thermal mechanically worked by cold working the weld zone to reduce its thickness by about 5-40%, and by annealing at 1120.degree.-1175.degree. C. for one hour to cause recrystallization. Low cycle fatigue properties of laser and gas tungsten arc weld zones are substantially increased.

Abstract: A truncated conical segment is made by the steps of longitudinally welding two pieces of metal, then contour rolling the weldment to preferentially reduce one of the pieces of the weldment more than the other. This provides a skewed trapezoid shape which is then 3-roll formed into a ring having a conical shape. The angle of the cone is a function of the preferential reduction in the second contour rolling step.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing metal profile members, hollow bodies and the like wherein a plurality of continuous band-like metal strips of constant wall thickness as viewed in cross-section are continuously fed along separate paths which converge. The band-like metal strips are heated at predetermined selected areas to a welding temperature and then continuously press-welded together to form the profile members. One or more of the band-like metal strips may be deformed by cold-shaping prior to the press-welding operation. Hot-shaping may occur simultaneously with or immediately after the press-welding operation. Also, cold-shaping of the welded material may take place following the press-welding and hot-shaping steps to form a metal profile member of predetermined configuration.

Abstract: An inner stainless-steel tube having an outer frustoconical faying surface is fitted into an outer carbon-steel tube having a matching inner frustoconical faying surface, and these tubes are friction welded over their entire faying surfaces by pressing the tubes together in their axial direction to obtain a high contact pressure due to a wedge action and, at the same time, imparting rotation thereto relative to each other thereby to obtain an integrally bonded, laminated, tubular blank, which is then extended by a suitable process such as rolling into a clad steel tube. The tubular blank can also be slit in its axial direction and flattened into a laminated flat blank, which can be rolled into a clad steel plate. The inner tube may be replaced by a solid core metal. In this case, an integrally bonded blank made up of the inner core metal and the outer tube is extended into a clad steel tube or into a clad steel shape.