Abstract: A process for the removal of water-soluble particles from a heavier-than-water organic liquid which easily emulsifies with water, comprising conducting a countercurrent extraction with water in a vertical extraction zone wherein an organic phase is maintained as a continuous phase and the water migrates upwardly through the organic liquid as a disperse phase.

Abstract: In the liquid phase epitaxy growth of Group III-V compound semiconductors using boat-slider apparatus, melt-carry-over is essentially eliminated by prebaking the metallic solvent (e.g., In shot) in the boat to form ingots and then etching the ingots in dilute nitric or hydrochloric acid prior to adding solutes (e.g., GaAs, InP, dopants). This process removes contaminants which coalesce on the ingots and cause poor wipe-off.

Abstract: Liquid white phosphorus is distilled from red phosphorus in vacuo at 480.degree.-490.degree. C. The vapor is transferred in a conduit maintained at 250.degree. C. and condensed into liquid white phosphorus at room temperature. The liquid white phosphorus is then filtered to eliminate any condensed red phosphorus. The clear, colorless phosphorus produced may be utilized as a source of P.sub.4 species for chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, vacuum deposition, and molecular beam deposition of phosphorus, polyphosphide, and other phosphorus compound films for semiconductor and other applications including insulation and passivation.

Abstract: Polymer-grade cyclic phosphonitrilic chloride trimer can be obtained from crude cyclic polyphosphonitrilic chlorides by forming a solution of the crude cyclics, water washing the solution, distilling solvent to form a hot concentrate, cooling to form a precipitate and distilling the precipitate to form polymer-grade trimer.

Abstract: Cyclic phosphonitrilic chloride trimer suitable for polymerization to light colored, high molecular weight, linear polyphosphonitrilic chloride can be made by (1) reacting PCl.sub.5 and NH.sub.4 Cl in an inert solvent (e.g. monochlorobenzene) to form a solution of a low molecular weight linear and cyclophosphonitrilic chlorides, (2) evaporating solvent to form a concentrate, (3) adding water and cooling the mixture to precipitate cyclic trimer, (4) separation of the trimer precipitate and (5) distillation of the separated trimer.

Abstract: Lithium chloride is separated from its mixtures with calcium chloride by preferentially dissolving the lithium chloride in tetrahydrofuran. The separation is achieved since the lithium chloride is soluble in tetrahydrofuran, while the calcium chloride is not. The process is particularly applicable to geothermal brines.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing contaminants from impure alkali metal nitrates containing them. The process comprises heating the impure alkali metal nitrates in solution form or molten form at a temperature and for a time sufficient to effect precipitation of solid impurities and separating the solid impurities from the resulting purified alkali metal nitrates. The resulting purified alkali metal nitrates in solution form may be heated to evaporate water therefrom to produce purified molten alkali metal nitrates suitable for use as a heat transfer medium. If desired, the purified molten form may be granulated and cooled to form discrete solid particles of purified alkali metal nitrates.

Abstract: A high-purity method of forming a silicon melt utilizes a solid silicon body which is drilled to provide bores into which electrodes are inserted. The electrodes preferably are also of silicon and an electric arc-current is passed through the electrodes to generate an arc which melts out the body to define a cavity therein containing the melt. The melt may be used for the drawing of a silicon bar or for the deposition of silicon in vapor form from the melt upon a substrate in a vacuum chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for dissolving salt in an undersaturated brine to bring the brine up to saturation conditions. A salt slurry, specifically sodium chloride, is brought into a holding tank and recycled to keep the solids suspended in the liquid. Part of the recycling salt stream is diverted to a saturator unit consisting of an upright column and a slurry feed tube mounted inside and coaxial with the column. The slurry passes downwardly through the feed tube and mixes with an undersaturated brine stream entering through the bottom of the column. This mixture flows upwardly through an annulus section defined between the feed tube and saturator column, with the salt dissolving in the brine during the upward flow. Saturated brine is removed at the top of the column for ultimate use, such as in chlorine cells.

Abstract: The slag portion can easily be removed from molten mixtures of slag and silicon by subjecting such mixtures to a hydrostatic pressure difference with respect to a space separated from them by one or more separating walls of graphite or silicon carbide, preferably provided with circular to slot-shaped apertures. Such separating walls are permeable to both the slag and silicon when present alone, but permeable only to the slag when a molten mixture of slag and silicon is present.

Abstract: In the fusion of vanadium pentoxide powder heat is generated in a melt of the powder by passing an electrical current along a current path in the melt and additional vanadium pentoxide powder is fed onto the surface of the melt. A furnace is used which has an overflow weir.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions containing phosphate, aluminum and iron are evaporated. Thus, acidic phosphates having an atomic ratio Al:Fe of 95:5 to 5:95 and an atomic ratio P:(Al+Fe) of 1.1:1 to 3:1 are obtained. These are thermally treated by heating them in a first step to a temperature not exceeding 400.degree. C. until their weight remains constant, and in a second step to a temperature not exceeding 750.degree. C., likewise until their weight remains constant. The tempered phosphate so obtained is suitable as hardener for water glass cements.

Abstract: Process of purification of magnesic raw material. Sulphur dioxide is allowed to react with an aqueous suspension of calcinated magnesite, crude or contaminated magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, hydrated magnesium carbonates, or crude crystals of magnesium sulphite, and, after reaching a pH of 3 to 7.5 the reaction mixture is separated into a solid phase at least one fraction of which is rich in MgSO.sub.3.xH.sub.2 O, wherein x stands for 3 or 6, and at least one fraction containing concentrated impurities. The whole process is carried out at least once. A reaction mixture having a pH below 5 can be preferably transferred to pH 5.2 by the addition of an alkali, e.g. magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide, whereupon separation of at least two fractions of the solid phase is accomplished. The fractions obtained can be further purified by mixing in a hydrophilic liquid, and by a following separation. The fraction of crude magnesium sulphite crystals can be heated to a temperature over 60 degress C.

Abstract: Impure silicon, in relatively thin sheet form is purified by heating it in the presence of a strong electric field to ionize and remove impurity elements. Ion bombardment may be used to dislodge impurities accumulating on the surface of the sheet.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a magnesium oxide composition, for use in coating silicon steel, having a Citric Acid Activity of 50 to 200 seconds and a particle size of 90 percent finer than 325 mesh prepared from a blend of(a) ground magnesium oxide having a Citric Acid Activity of greater than 200 to 2000 seconds and(b) ground magnesium oxide having a Citric Acid Activity of 40 to 100 seconds.The instant invention is also directed to a process for the production of a magnesium oxide composition, for use in coating silicon steel, having a Citric Acid Activity of 50 to 200 seconds and a particle size of 90 percent finer than 325 mesh, comprising:(a) grinding to a 90 percent finer than 325 mesh(i) 20 to 60 percent by weight of a ground magnesium oxide having a Citric Acid Activity of greater than 200 to 2000 seconds and(ii) 40 to 80 percent by weight of a magnesium oxide having a Citric Acid Activity of 40 to 100 seconds and(b) blending (i) and (ii) together.

Abstract: A process for rapidly dewatering and drying calcium sulfate hemihydrate in a centrifuging and flash drying operation by ejecting the wet solids from the centrifuge bowl directly into the flash dryer's high velocity, high volume, heated air stream.

Abstract: A process for producing particles of a non-friable eutectic mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate for solar power station use is disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, the particles are produced by shock chilling a molten stream of mixed nitrate material and crushing the resulting flakes to a size range of between about -5 mesh and about +30 mesh. In a second embodiment, particles of this size are produced by spray granulation of a concentrated solution of mixed nitrate salts onto a fluidized bed to produce dry, free-flowing, solid spheres. In both embodiments, the particles are extremely hard, resistant to moisture pickup and adaptable to being readily shipped by bulk containers.

Abstract: An oxygen carrier, capable of reversibly binding and releasing oxygen, immobilized in a polymer matrix and a method of recovering dissolved oxygen from fluids utilizing the same.

Abstract: Phosphorus pentasulfide of low reactivity is made by solidifying molten phosphorus pentasulfide on a cooling cylinder that delivers the solidified product at a temperature of 150.degree. to 220.degree. C., and that product is immediately introduced into a heat-insulated container and freed therein from its immanent or sensible heat by cooling at a rate of at most 30.degree. C. per hour without the expenditure of any energy to control the cooling.

Abstract: A cyclical and automatable process and apparatus for continuously removing undesired components from solid particles by means of a solvent, the process including maintaining an expanded bed of solid particles in a vertical column, supplying a suitable solvent to the bed to flow through the bed either upwardly or downwardly in a selectably alternating manner, supplying solid particles to the top of the column while the solvent flows upwardly therethrough and interrupting the supply of solid particles and removing a bottom portion of the bed by the solvent when it flows downwardly.

Abstract: A method of recovering silicon from an aqueous slurry containing finely divided silicon particles comprising mixing at least one flocculating agent with the slurry, allowing silicon flocs to form and physically separating the silicon flocs from the slurry for re-use of the silicon contained therein.

Abstract: Industrially crystallized potassium chloride having a potassium chloride content of at least 95 weight percent and containing a minor contaminating amount of inorganic metal salt impurities, e.g., sodium chloride, is purified by leaching compacted particles of said potassium chloride with an aqueous leaching solution, the solute of which solution is selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride and mixtures of potassium chloride and sodium chloride. The leaching solution is saturated with respect to potassium chloride and substantially unsaturated with respect to sodium chloride. The compacted particles are maintained in contact with the leaching solution for a time sufficient to reduce substantially the sodium chloride content thereof, and potassium chloride particles of reduced sodium chloride content are recovered from the leaching solution. The leached compacted particles are transparent and comprise single and compound euhedral cubic crystals.

Abstract: An isotope separation is conducted by diluting a mixture containing the object isotope compound being enriched with an inert diluent gas which is transparent to the irradiated infrared rays; condensing the isotope compounds together with the inert diluent gas on a cold plate and irradiating specific infrared rays absorbed only by the object isotope compound to selectively excite the object isotope compound.

Abstract: A process for dissolving chylomicrons in an aqueous medium composed of (a) at least one polyethylene glycol ether of an alkanol or alkylaryl alcohol with a branched alkane chain and with an HLB value of 12 to 14, and (b) at least one secondary alkyl sulphonate containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule, and optionally (c) an alkali metal p-toluenesulphonate; andthe agent formed by the combination of (a), (b) and optionally (c).

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for the continuous preparation of aqueous solution of slaked lime solids with fresh water. The apparatus comprises a main vessel having an inverted truncated cone including a smallest and closed bottom. There is provided a dispenser for supplying material slaked lime solids to said main vessel at or nearly at the top end thereof from above, and a constant headed fresh water reservoir for supplying fresh water to the main vessel at a place selected therein in close proximity to the smallest bottom through a piping. A flow rate adjusting means is arranged in this piping. At least a mechanical or fluid agitator is provided at a close proximity to the vessel bottom. Means for the take-up of the formed product solution in an overflowing manner from the main vessel is provided at the top thereof.

Abstract: Solid cyanuric chloride is supplied to the gas space of a cyanuric chloride melt with the help of a gas tight product stopper. Preferably there is used for this a screw conveyor in which the gas tight stopper is formed at the end of the screw conveyor; it is most favorable if the helix ends before the last section of the tube of the screw conveyor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an open dissolving chamber for rock salt and to a process for the production, free from vapors, of concentrated, aqueous sodium chloride crude brine by continuously dissolving rock salt in this dissolving chamber. The dissolving chamber contains a heap of rock salt with which the brine which is unsaturated in respect of salt comes into contact. The brine thereby becomes saturated with sodium chloride and then passes out of the dissolving chamber. In the present process, the unsaturated brine enters at the base of the dissolving chamber. The saturated crude brine is removed from the rock salt through at least one vertical or inclined screen which largely holds back suspended rock salt particles. The liquid level of the saturated crude brine in the dissolving chamber should not reach the surface of the heap of rock salt, and the side of the screen facing the interior of the dissolving chamber should be completely covered with a mixture of saturated crude brine and rock salt.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid is purified by a process which comprises treating the crude acid solution with a body feed agent, powdered carbon and a flocculating agent to cause a major portion of the soluble and insoluble impurities to be removed in a single operation. In the preferred process, hot wet process phosphoric acid from the plant filter is first cooled to a temperature of from about 100.degree. F. to about 130.degree. F. and then treated in the above-described manner.

Abstract: A hazardous ammonium jarosite based sludge is solidified by the addition of cement and fly ash under mildly basic conditions, pH 10.+-.1.5. The ammonia does not have to be driven off prior to solidification.

Abstract: A process for separating isotopes by selective excitation of isotopic species of a volatile compound by tuned laser light. A highly cooled gas of the volatile compound is produced in which the isotopic shift is sharpened and defined. Before substantial condensation occurs, the cooled gas is irradiated with laser light precisely tuned to a desired wavelength to selectively excite a particular isotopic species in the cooled gas. The laser light may impart sufficient energy to the excited species to cause it to undergo photochemical reaction or even to photoionize. Alternatively, a two-photon irradiation may be applied to the cooled gas to induce photochemical reaction or photoionization. The process is particularly applicable to the separation of isotopes of uranium and plutonium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions by a continuous flow process, in which a volume stream entering a pipe system flows successively through the various sections of this system corresponding to the individual stages of the process, such as the inlet points for introduction of the volume streams, mixing paths and ripening paths.

Abstract: A method for increasing the bulk weight of silicon dioxide with a surface of at least 50m.sup.2 /g by means of sub-atmospheric pressure applied at a filter face, wherein the silicon dioxide is moved by means of a conveyor screw, whose longitudinal axis is arranged parallel with respect to the filter face and which preferably has a decreasing thread pitch in feeding direction. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the treated silicon dioxide as a filler material for polymeric masses, especially diorganopolysiloxane, which is storeable in the absence of water and when admixed with water at room temperature results in a hardened elastomer mass.

Abstract: Novel form of metal sulphate produced by alternate dehydration and rehydration, e.g., by cycling prismatic metal sulphate between 0.degree. C. and 70.degree. C., 20 minutes at each temperature, for 200 or more cycles, until a low-density powder is formed having a coral-like morphology at 8000 magnification.

Abstract: N-substituted perhydro-s-triazine compounds can be used to increase the solubility of alkali or alkaline earth metal salts in an organic medium. Increasing the solubility of such salts catalyzes the reaction between the salts and other components of the organic medium. For example, 5 percent of a tris(n-octylpolyoxyethylene)-N,N',N"-perhydro-s-triazine compound catalyzes the reaction between sodium iodide and n-octyl bromide at 80.degree. C. for 1 hour to form 100 percent yield of n-octyl iodide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for outgassing raw materials includes the steps of and means for heating the material to a temperature of about 800.degree. C. and maintaining that temperature for a first bake out period during which the material is maintained at a pressure of about 200 millitorr and for a second bake out period during which the material is maintained at a pressure of about 5 millitorr or less. During the first bake out period, an inert gas is backstreamed through the raw material.

Abstract: A cyclical and automatable process and apparatus for continuously removing undesired components from solid particles by means of a solvent, the process including maintaining an expanded bed of solid particles in a vertical column, supplying a suitable solvent to the bed to flow through the bed either upwardly or downwardly in a selectably alternating manner, supplying solid particles to the top of the column while the solvent flows upwardly therethrough and interrupting the supply of solid particles and removing a bottom portion of the bed by the solvent when it flows downwardly.

Abstract: A process for purifying an aqueous solution of NaOH by removing suspended NaCl and Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 impurities therefrom comprising bubbling a gas into the impurity-containing NaOH solution at a temperature above 16.degree. C. and up to about 36.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for recovering dissolved boron trifluoride from a hydrocarbon liquid in a vacuum column at moderate temperatures by trickling the hydrocarbon over metallic or ceramic packing in the column. Dissolved boron trifluoride catalyst is recovered from the crude oligomer reaction product resulting from the oligomerization of 1-decene.

Abstract: A process for the calcining of limestone or hydrated lime by thermal treatment thereof with hot gases in a rotary kiln through which the kiln atmosphere and the charge are countercurrently passed, which kiln is fed with solid carbonaceous fuel, is described. The invention resides in introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a horizontal region across the rotary kiln defined by a point along the length of the kiln where ignitable particles of said solid fuel first appear and a second point along the length of said rotary kiln which is spaced from the charging end of said kiln not more than 50% of the length thereof. The oxygen-containing gases are injected through nozzle blocks in said rotary kiln, and oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the free space of said kiln.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid is purified by a process which comprises treating the crude acid solution with a body feed agent and a flocculating agent to cause a portion of the impurities to settle out, and contacting the partially clarified acid with activated carbon for further impurity removal. In the preferred process, hot wet process phosphoric acid from the plant filter is first cooled to a temperature of from about 100.degree. F. to about 130.degree. F. and then treated in the above-described manner.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sodium chloride content of crystalline potassium salts without the use of successive recrystallization. The crystalline potassium salts having a sodium chloride content greater than about 0.8 percent by weight are subjected to compacting and crushing to provide a crystalline product having an average particle diameter less than 1.6 millimeters. The crystalline product is leached with a brine at least about 80 percent saturated with said potassium salt and less than 50 percent saturated with sodium chloride to produce a crystalline potassium salt product containing less than about 0.35 percent by weight of sodiumchloride.

Abstract: A method for increasing the bulk density of silica. Acid is added to an aqueous silica wet cake slurry to bring the pH to about 1.8 to 4.0, and dry fine particle silica is added with an agitator rpm of at least 2000 rpm. The acid and silica are alternately added until a homogeneous consistency is obtained with a solids concentration of above 30%.

Abstract: This invention outlines a process to beneficiate carnallite ores in such a way as to obtain anhydrous MgCl.sub.2 of sufficient purity to be used as feed for an electrolysis cell producing magnesium metal. Commercially acceptable potassium chloride as also recovered. The organic solvents and the anhydrous ammonia used to obtain the beneficiation of these carnallite materials are recovered for recycle in the process.

Abstract: The invention provides a process wherein a mixture prepared from starting materials comprised of P.sub.2 S.sub.5 of high reactivity and low reactivity, respectively, is converted to phosphorus pentasulfide of predetermined reactivity lying between that of the high reactivity P.sub.2 S.sub.5 and that of the low reactivity P.sub.2 S.sub.5 starting materials. To this end, the starting materials are mixed in quantitative proportions which are selected in accordance with the respective reactivity of the starting materials and the resulting mixture is ground.

Abstract: In a process for the removal and pressure reduction of a high pressure, high temperature slurry from a process vessel, the slurry is mixed with a make-up liquid in a temperature treatment vessel to form a diluted slurry, which is passed through a cooling apparatus, and a recycle portion of the diluted slurry is recycled to the temperature treatment vessel. Another portion of the cooled diluted slurry solution is flashed to a preselected reduced pressure through a pressure reducing valve, and this portion is passed to a stripping vessel for concentrating and producing a slurry product. In operation, plural slurry gravity settling vessels may be connected to a single heat treatment vessel, thereby effectuating slurry pressure reduction across a single pressure reducing valve.

Abstract: In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, an installation for mixing and separating two non-miscible liquids includes, inter alia, an improved pump structure for raising the liquid dispersion from the mixing tank to the inlet level to the decanting tank, a low flat chute for conveying the dispersion from the mixing tank to the remote end of the decanting tank, height-controlling means for controlling the level of the interphase within the decanting tank, and provision for recycling the lighter liquid phase to the mixing tank.

Abstract: A process for purifying solid substances by melting and subsequent resoliication, wherein a melted bath of the solid substance is formed, a roller is placed in the bath so that a first portion of its surface is in contact with the melted substance, and the surface of the roller is cooled to a temperature below the melting point of the solid substance. The cooled roller is rotated in the melted substance to collect a solidified film of the substance on the roller surface. A second portion of the roller surface is passed through a heated zone at a temperature above the melting point of the solid substance, so that the solidified film is remelted and collected in an appliance.

Abstract: Aluminum is recovered from solid rocket propellant containing a small amount of oxidizer by depolymerizing and dissolving propellant binder containing functional or hydrolyzable groups in a solution of sodium methoxide in an alcohol solvent optionally containing an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon co-solvent and then filtering the solution to recover substantially all the aluminum in active form.

Abstract: Alumina slurries are stabilized to prevent thickening and gelling by digesting dried alumina powder in hot water for a time sufficient to stabilize the alumina. The digested alumina is then recovered and dispersed in water containing a small amount of peptizing agent. The slurries so prepared have a low rate of thickening and gelling time is greatly extended.

Abstract: The removal of undesired constituents or impurities from solids, preferably introduced and removed as a slurry, is effected by counter-current flow of the solids and a washing agent introduced into a washing zone where at least a portion of the washing agent is introduced at a point intermediate the introduction of the solids or slurry and the point of introduction to the zone of the initial washing agent. By controlling the temperature of the washing agent, the plural introduction creates a plurality of temperature interfaces within the washing zone, thus increasing efficiency by, in effect, increasing the number of washing or extraction stages present in the zone. In one embodiment a slurry of polyolefin or polymer, e.g. polypropylene, is washed with a solvent, e.g., substantially pure propylene liquid.