Abstract: Environmental characteristics of habitable environments (e.g., hotel or motel rooms, spas, resorts, cruise boat cabins, offices, hospitals and/or homes, apartments or residences) are controlled to eliminate, reduce or ameliorate adverse or harmful aspects and introduce, increase or enhance beneficial aspects in order to improve a “wellness” or sense of “wellbeing” provided via the environments. Control of intensity and wavelength distribution of passive and active Illumination addresses various issues, symptoms or syndromes, for instance to maintain a circadian rhythm or cycle, adjust for “jet lag” or season affective disorder, etc. Air quality and attributes are controlled. Scent(s) may be dispersed. Noise is reduced and sounds (e.g., masking, music, natural) may be provided. Environmental and biometric feedback is provided. Experimentation and machine learning are used to improve health outcomes and wellness standards.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: a casing into which heating gas is supplied; and a plurality of heat transfer tubes which are arranged in the casing, wherein the plurality of heat transfer tubes are set in a posture in which a plurality of straight tube portions are arranged in a direction intersecting a heating gas flow direction, are stacked a plurality of stages in the heating gas flow direction, and are distinguished into first and second heat transfer tubes respectively located on an upstream side and a downstream side in the heating gas flow direction, and wherein the second heat transfer tube is formed so that an outer diameter of the tube and an arrangement pitch of the plurality of straight tube portions are smaller than those of the first heat transfer tube.

Abstract: A hot water appliance includes a housing defining an inner space; a heat source arranged in the inner space of the housing and comprising at least one burner; a flue gas discharge arranged in the inner space of the housing and configured to discharge combustion gases of the at least one burner therethrough; and a heat exchanger arranged in the inner space of the housing and associated with the flue gas discharge. The combustion gases of the at least one burner form a first heat exchanging fluid of the heat exchanger associated with the flue gas discharge. A flue gas discharge for a hot water appliance and a method for heating a fluid are also described.

Abstract: A heating fluid control system determines the aggregated demand for heating fluid from a plurality of sources of demand in a building and deactivates a boiler that provides the heating fluid when the aggregated demand is zero. The sources of demand can include radiators and domestic hot water fixtures. Valves that control the flow of heating fluid from the boiler to these sources of demand can transmit signals representative of the position of the valve. A controller can use these signals and other signals to determine the demand for heating fluid from each source of demand. The controller evaluates the signals to determine the aggregate system demand. And after deactivating the boiler, the controller can reactivate the boiler when the aggregate system demand is determined to be non-zero. Methods of using such heating systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus (2), comprising a pumping device (3) configured to pump a liquid (4) to be treated into at least one treatment chamber (6) comprising treatment equipment (9) configured to perform UV-light treatment of the liquid (4) flowing through the at least one treatment chamber (6). The liquid treatment apparatus (2) comprises an air trap vessel (5) arranged upstream of said pumping device (3) and provided with an inlet connection (22) for receiving liquid (4) to be treated and a first outlet connection (24) for connection and liquid supply to said pumping device (3). The air trap vessel (5) is configured to prevent air bubbles from being sucked into the pumping device (3) and to be at least partly filled with a priming liquid (23) before the pumping device (3) is started and the liquid treatment is initiated, and that the first outlet connection (24) being arranged below surface level of the priming liquid.

Abstract: To operate solar thermal technology economically, a cheap heat transfer fluid is used. To either completely spare or significantly reduce the energy-intensive auxiliary heating at night, a water tank is simply installed in the plant without a threat to the environment. With the water tank, the salt HTF is thinned by adding water when the solar heating is not in operation.

Abstract: A system may include a tube through which hot fluid is transported from one end to another, wherein the tube radiates heat energy and transfers heat energy to surrounding air by convection. The system may also include a reflector that reflects the radiated heat and a hood that captures the heat energy from the surrounding air through convection, wherein the hood radiates the captured heat energy. The reflector may include a bi-involute curved surface.

Abstract: A heating system comprises a heater and a local heat exchange system in which the local heat exchange system comprises: a primary heat exchanger; a heat store having a secondary heat exchanger; a cold water inlet; and a hot water outlet, in which the local heat exchange system is remotely located from the heater, the primary heat exchanger and the heat store are arranged so as to be heated by the heater, and the primary and secondary heat exchangers are in fluid-flow communication with the cold water inlet and the hot water outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating water having three vertically aligned water heating process sections. The upper section includes an annular water storage tank disposed around a combustion chamber having a downward firing burner. The intermediate section, disposed vertically below the upper section receives flue gas from the combustion chamber, which flue gas is cooled and dehumidified, producing a hot condensate which collects in a passive condensate flow control device disposed proximate the bottom of the intermediate section. The lower section, disposed vertically below the intermediate and separated therefrom by the passive condensate flow control device receives hot condensate from the flow control device, which is used to preheat and humidify air, such as room air, which is then recycled to the combustion process of the upper section for use as combustion air.

Abstract: A first period during which drain is not substantially generated on a surface of a water tube (4) of a heat exchanger (B1), and a second period as a transition during which an amount of drain on the surface of the water tube (4) is increased are provided. There are a plurality of kinds of fan-controlling data in which operation control contents of the fan (13) in the first and second periods in correspondence with change of conditions of entering water temperature or combustion level of the burner (1). The fan-controlling data are stored in a data table (90) of a controller (9). The controller (9) controls the fan (13) in accordance with the data, and an initial air-fuel ratio of combustion driving of the burner (1) is stabilized.

Abstract: An object is to enable the dealer or user of an air conditioning apparatus to recognize that the heat dissipation amount of a heat exchange device is less than the heat dissipation amount expected of the air conditioning apparatus. A control device detects a hot water outflow temperature being a temperature of a fluid heated by a heat pump device, and a return temperature being a temperature of the fluid before being heated by the heat pump device, and checks whether or not a temperature difference between the detected hot water outflow temperature and the detected return temperature is smaller than a predetermined first value. If the control device judges that the temperature difference is smaller than the first value, it displays insufficiency of the heat dissipation amount of a heat exchange device, on a display of a remote controller.

Abstract: In a long hot water mat, straight parts (4a) of a hot water pipe (4) are laid lengthwise in a long mat body (2) and U-shaped turning parts (4b) of the hot water pipe are placed at locations near the opposite ends (2b) of the mat body (2). Slits (7) are formed at regular intervals in the lower surface of the mat body (2) so that the slits cross the mat body (2) in directions crossing the straight parts (4a) of the hot water pipe (4). The hot water mat having a heat dissipating sheet (6) thereon can be rolled from an end of the mat body (2), with the heat dissipating sheet being placed inward, due to the slits (7) so that the mat can be easily moved using an elevator or can be easily moved into a room while avoiding a reduction in the size of the mat.

Abstract: A preheat tank to which a heat exchanger is operatively coupled receives water from a distribution subsystem. A water distribution subsystem and tempered fluid distribution subsystem provide domestic water and tempered fluid, respectively, to a plurality of spaces. Air handlers transfer heat between the tempered fluid and the spaces for heating and cooling. A controller coupled to the tempered fluid subsystem, the heat exchanger and a refrigerator has: (i) a first mode, wherein the fluid is routed through the heat exchanger, to pass heat to the preheat tank; and (ii) a second mode, wherein the fluid is routed through an evaporator of the refrigerator, to pass heat to the refrigerant. A storage tank is coupled to the preheat tank to receive water therefrom and is coupled to the condenser of the refrigerator such that heat rejected by the condenser is passed to the contents of the storage tank.

Abstract: A rooftop air conditioning unit to provide conditioned air to a conditioned space within a building is provided and includes a housing, disposed on a roof of the building roof, defining a pathway from an inlet fed by exterior and/or interior air to an outlet leading to the conditioned space and a hydronic heating system disposed within the housing to heat the air traveling along the pathway.

Abstract: A method of controlling a heating system includes: obtaining, from a power supply source, information specifying an output modulation period during which power consumption by a heat pump unit is to be reduced; and controlling, based on the information obtained in the obtaining, an amount of heat generated by the heat pump unit. In the controlling, the heat pump unit is caused to generate a first amount of heat per unit time in a period other than the output modulation period, and generate a second amount of heat per unit time during the output modulation period, the second amount of heat being less than the first amount of heat.

Abstract: A structure of a dry heating system, and a method for constructing the same are disclosed. An upper board stacked on a heat radiator has a double-layer structure comprising first upper board elements and second upper board elements in order to prevent steps from being formed at seaming portions formed on the upper portion of the dry heating system, thereby maintaining flatness of the upper board, and reducing any bending of the upper board, in which the first upper board elements constitute a lower portion of the double-layer structure, and serve to protect the heat radiator while supporting a weight load, and the second upper board elements constitute an upper portion of the double-layer structure, and serve to maintain the flatness of the upper board by removing the steps, thereby ensuring excellent quality in construction of the dry heating system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a boiler for providing hot water to a heating system of a building and for simultaneously producing hot domestic water. This boiler comprises a heating tank provided with a water inlet and a water outlet through which water for use in the heating system circulates and an adjacent chamber annexed to the heating tank. This adjacent chamber is in direct communication with the heating tank and containing means for heating the water. The boiler also comprises a heat exchanger provided with a water inlet and a water outlet through which circulates the domestic water. This heat exchanger is made of a plurality of tubular coils of helicoidal shape that are located within the heating tank in order to allow heat transfer between the hot water within the heating tank and the domestic water that circulates within the tubular coils.

Abstract: A water heater especially for bathroom includes a hair filter (1), a water self pumping pump (2), a heat exchanger (3), a water valve (5), a controller (6), an operator (7), three water flow resistance amplifiers (8) and a waste water tank (9). The heat exchanger can recover the heat from the waste water during bathing and preheat cold water. The waste water tank can reuse the waste bath water for flushing toilets. Said parts are assembled by pipes and electric circuits and arranged on the proper position in the bathroom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for heating a fluid (9), with a housing (2) comprising a housing shell (3), a housing base (4) and a housing cover (5), with at least one inlet opening (11) and at least one outlet opening (13) for the fluid (9), and at least two electrodes are disposed in the housing (2) at a distance (25) apart from one another, which are each electrically conductively connected to a pole of at least one pulse generator (20). A smoothing section (38) for the fluid (9) is provided after the electrode(s) in the flow direction—arrow (27)—of the fluid (9).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a combination heater and electrical generator designed to allow continual use of the heating system in the absence of an external source of electricity. The system shares fuel and electrical inputs and also shares exhaust outputs so to facilitate ease of use installation as well as affording a small installation footprint.

Abstract: A radiant panel for use in radiant heating and cooling systems that provides numerous benefits over conventional panels currently in use. The radiant panel comprises an offset hydronic radiant tube channel in which is nested a hydronic radiant tube that obviates the need to thread the hydronic tubes through the joists in a ceiling installation or the studs in a wall installation. In an alternative embodiment, specific emissivity coatings on each side of the radiant panel further promote the efficient transfer of heat. The system provides increased sound isolation and is robust enough to withstand the crushing forces associated with a floor installation.

Abstract: An air elimination device with a hydraulic separator in a compact format that eliminates numerous separate field installed components and connections and can be cost effectively made by means of spun, bent, bored, milled sheet copper or brass sheet, copper or brass tube or rod utilizing brazing, soldering and threading of parts. The device can be made to include a manifold, particularly with compact end suction pumps and can serve as a transition adaptor to other modular mechanical components.

Abstract: A method of reverse heating using intermittent temperature zones at normal pressure, including: 1) introducing hydrothermal water or steam to a heating coil inside intermittent temperature zones of cabinets of a heating device via a duct along a first direction; 2) introducing combusted high temperature flue gas to a hydrothermal radiation coil inside the cabinets of the heating device via a gas duct along a second direction which is a reverse direction of the first direction; and 3) at normal pressure, heating the hydrothermal water or steam by the flue gas and a heat transfer medium inside the cabinets of the heating device. A heating device for use in the method is also provided. The method and device feature high thermal efficiency at low cost.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for automobile having a heater core capable of heating the interior in good efficiency is to be provided. Such a heater core is supplied with the coolant having bubbles removed, and thereby the efficiency of heat exchange is enhanced and the noise is reduced. On the internal combustion engine is mounted a water outlet (bubble separating means) 3 having a receiving chamber 8 that the coolant after cooling the engine flows in. In the downstream position of the chamber 8 is formed a communicating portion 9 of narrowed sectional area and a feeding chamber 10 of increased sectional area in turn. The flowing velocity of the coolant is increased in the communicating portion 9 and decreased in the feeding chamber 10 and thereby it is possible to make bubbles in the coolant float up and separate out. As a result, the coolant without bubbles may be fed to the heater core 7 through a feeding portion 11.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat recovery system of a plant using a heat pump that absorbs some heat energy wasted from a condenser of the plant. The heat recovery system is constructed such that water condensed by the condenser is supplied to a service water heater via condensate pumps. A heat pump is installed between the condensate pumps and the service water heater for receiving the condensed water and the coolant. Some of the condensed water and the coolant, having passed through the heat pump, are supplied to a coolant inlet port of the condenser, and the remaining portions are supplied to the service water heater. The condensed water supplied to the service water heater is heated by a three way valve through which service water heating steam is supplied. Some of the steam is directly recovered to the condenser via a combustion air heater.

Abstract: A system may include a tube through which hot fluid is transported from one end to another, wherein the tube radiates heat energy and transfers heat energy to surrounding air by convection. The system may also include a reflector that reflects the radiated heat and a hood that captures the heat energy from the surrounding air through convection, wherein the hood radiates the captured heat energy. The reflector may include a bi-involute curved surface.

Abstract: A fluid isolation valve having a valve body with a first fluid flow port, a second fluid flow port and a fluid drain port with a valve in the fluid drain port. The valve body also defines a fluid flow channel, a drain flow channel and a valve portion, wherein the valve portion is disposed in the valve body to be communicated with the first fluid flow port, the second fluid flow port and the fluid drain port. A flow diversion device is also provided and is disposed within the valve portion. The flow diversion device is configurable between a first configuration and a second configuration, such that when the flow diversion device is in the first configuration the first fluid flow port is communicated with the second fluid flow port. Consequently, when the flow diversion device is in the second configuration the first fluid flow port is communicated with the fluid drain port. The fluid flow can be decrease or stop by use of the valve within the fluid drain port.

Abstract: A cascade unit for a heating system with two or more heating boilers, in particular condensing boilers, with a hydraulic shunt which is connected on the one hand with the inlet flows and return flows of all heating boilers and on the other hand with at least one heating circuit inlet flow and heating circuit return flow each, with the cascade unit furthermore comprising one each of the essentially horizontally extending boiler inlet flow header and boiler return flow manifold, the header and the manifold being connected with the hydraulic shunt, and the header and the manifold each being designed with prepared connecting nozzles fittingly placed for a group of two or more heating boilers for the connection of the heating boiler inlet flows and the heating boiler return flows. The cascade unit forms at least one self-supporting support frame on which at least one of the heating boilers is mountable.

Abstract: One relatively small room, to be located in any new or existing Building/, Living unit/, this room is to be well insulated and equipped with an outdoor fresh air supplier system and shall be heated or cooled independent of the main unit. This room shall be used in the case of an electric outage or any other type of emergency situation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heating control system for saving energy and its heating control method, in which system energy for heating rooms in a housing is reduced by separately heating individual rooms only during particular time periods in time/day selected by considering each room user's everyday living patterns. For this purpose, in the system, a plurality of saving time periods in time/day are stored in advance into a storage. If the user selects and sets at least one of the plurality of saving time periods for heating a room, a valve adjuster output valve control signals to a valve controller to open or close an auto valve corresponding to the room. The valve adjuster may be adapted of stand-alone type or of integrated type, in which integrated type the valve adjuster and a boiler adjuster are incorporated into a integrated adjuster.

Abstract: A valve assembly is provided having two valve sections, each having a tubular passageway portion and when joined together, defining a ball cavity in communication with the tubular passageways. One of the body sections is provided with an inlet/outlet in communication with the ball cavity as well as a spindle flange. An elongate spindle extends through the spindle flange projecting into the ball cavity region to rotate a spherical ball element between an open and a bypass position. The ball valve has a primary elongate passage which interconnects the two tubular passage portions in the valve body sections when the ball valve is in the open position. When the ball valve is rotated to the bypass position, the tubular passage portion of one of the ball body sections is sealed closed while the other tubular passage portion communicates with an internal bypass port within the ball valve which in turn, communicates with the auxiliary inlet/outlet.

Abstract: A solar collector includes a plurality of elongated parabolic reflectors mounted within a glass-topped enclosure for pivotal movement such that each reflector is incrementally pivoted throughout the course of a day to remain substantially perpendicular to the sun. The incremental pivotal movement is caused by a motor energized from a solar switch having solar cells that also pivot throughout the day so that in one position of the switch, no electricity is being generated and transferred to the motor, but in a second position, the switch receives solar radiation and energizes the motor to again incrementally pivot each reflector along with the solar switch.

Abstract: There is provided a heating system for a building comprising; i) a heater; ii) a media flow passage through which a medium heated by the heater passes in order to distribute heat through the building; and iii) a heat recovery apparatus for recovering latent heat of adsorption from a humid gas. The heat recovery apparatus comprises a) a gas flow passage connected at one end to a source of humid gas; b) a desiccant material provided within the gas flow passage such that the humid gas contacts the desiccant material and water vapour is adsorbed releasing latent heat of adsorption; wherein the media flow passage and gas flow passage are in heat exchanging relationship, such that when the desiccant material adsorbs water vapour from the exhaust gas the latent of the adsorption is at least partially transmitted to the medium.

Abstract: A fluid isolation valve having a valve body with a first fluid flow port, a second fluid flow port and a fluid drain port with a valve in the fluid drain port. The valve body also defines a fluid flow channel, a drain flow channel and a valve portion, wherein the valve portion is disposed in the valve body to be communicated with the first fluid flow port, the second fluid flow port and the fluid drain port. A flow diversion device is also provided and is disposed within the valve portion. The flow diversion device is configurable between a first configuration and a second configuration, such that when the flow diversion device is in the first configuration the first fluid flow port is communicated with the second fluid flow port. Consequently, when the flow diversion device is in the second configuration the first fluid flow port is communicated with the fluid drain port. The fluid flow can be decrease or stop by use of the valve within the fluid drain port.

Abstract: A heating system for heating an interior room may include a radiator member for generating heat, a wall member being positioned in a space relationship to the radiator member; and a panel member being positioned between the radiator member and the wall member. The panel member may include an inclined surface, and the panel member may include a horizontal surface. The inclined surface may extend to an edge of the horizontal surface, and the panel member may include a substantially flat back surface. The panel member may be attached to the wall member by a first attachment device, and the panel member may be attached to the radiator member by a second attachment device. The second attachment device may be a hook device, and the second attachment device may detachably connect the radiator member to the panel member.

Abstract: A fluid isolation valve having a valve body with a first fluid flow port, a second fluid flow port and a fluid drain port with a valve in the fluid drain port. The valve body also defines a fluid flow channel, a drain flow channel and a valve portion, wherein the valve portion is disposed in the valve body to be communicated with the first fluid flow port, the second fluid flow port and the fluid drain port. A flow diversion device is also provided and is disposed within the valve portion. The flow diversion device is configurable between a first configuration and a second configuration, such that when the flow diversion device is in the first configuration the first fluid flow port is communicated with the second fluid flow port. Consequently, when the flow diversion device is in the second configuration the first fluid flow port is communicated with the fluid drain port. The fluid flow can be decrease or stop by use of the valve within the fluid drain port.

Abstract: A hot water supply system includes: a casing 1 having an opening in a front face; a front panel 2 covering the front face of the casing; and a console box 7 attached to the casing. The front panel has a window into which the console box is to be fitted. The clearance between the window and the console box is eliminated to improve the appearance of the system, and it is provided that the front panel can be attached to the casing without problems. In order to eliminate the clearance between the window 20 and the console box 7, the window 20 has a size enough for the console box 7 to be tightly fitted therein. In order that the console box 7 fitted in the window 20 can move vertically and horizontally together with the front panel 2, a support plate 8 for the console box 7 is attached to the casing 1 with a vertical and a horizontal play.

Abstract: A closed cycle heat transfer device comprising a boiler (10) and a condenser (13), the condenser being used to recover useful heat by latent heat evaporation. A circuit defined by the boiler (10), condenser (13) and ducts (12, 15) is to be liquid-filled at a pressure just above atmospheric pressure. An expansion device (16) maintains the working pressure in the circuit but will receive excess condensate in a liquid phase to compensate for expansion of the working fluid vapour which passes from the boiler (10) to the condenser (13). The expansion chamber contains a movable or flexible member which, when working liquid is received in the chamber, is displaced to compress a gas in the chamber.

Abstract: A solar-powered cooling and heating system comprising one or more vertical water containers of special design as the thermal storage device (the structured water wall), a compressor driven by a DC motor powered directly by solar photovoltaic panel(s) for cooling, and a south-faced window for direct solar heating. The solar photovoltaic panel(s) is placed on an awning above the south-facing window; the said awning is designed to allow full sunlight in the winter but no direct sunlight in the summer through the window. The thermal inertia of the structured water wall allows optimum heating and cooling day and night for all seasons of a year. It allows an automatic self-adjustment utilizing the natural annual and diurnal cycles to achieve maximum comfort and efficiency.

Abstract: A hydraulic header for a heating system includes a header housing having a vertical longitudinal axis in an installation position and a water chamber formed in an interior of the housing. A boiler inlet flow connection and a boiler return flow connection are provided at a vertical distance to one another on a first longitudinal side of the housing, and each communicate with the chamber. A consumer inlet flow connection and a consumer return flow connection are provided at a vertical distance to one another on an opposite longitudinal side of the housing, each communicating with the chamber, so that a boiler side and a heating circuit side are created in the housing. A dividing element is located in the chamber between the heating circuit side and the boiler side, and an upper and lower bypass between the heating circuit side and the boiler side are formed near a top end and a bottom end, respectively, of the housing.

Abstract: A device, such as a heat meter for measurements of hot tap water energy usage, separated from building heating energy usage, in a district heating substation. The device is connected only to sensors attached to the supply pipe and return pipe of the district heating substation. A device, such as a heat meter, has a detector to detect a deviation in the total power (P) usage in the district heating substation which deviation depends on the use of warm tap water. The device may be used to calculate energy consumption in the heat exchanger related to building heating, and the energy consumption in the second heat exchanger related to tap water heating. The device may be used to calculate energy consumption for tap water heating, which relates to the duration of the deviation.

Abstract: A small water heater with a 29 cm outer diameter and a total height of 60 cm produces five liters of hot water per minute, with a difference of 25° C. between the water inlet and outlet, and an 85% thermal efficiency; this water heater has a heat recuperator 1 as shown in the description, a thermostat 2, a pipe capsule 10 to house the full sensory bar 3, a combustion chamber 4, a deflector chamber 5, a combustion gas collector 8, a water tank 9, a service door 7, a sheet sliding curtain 6, a plastic vein-type pipe 13, a magnesium anode 14, an exterior cover 17, an exterior lid 18, a flue 16, and a burner 15 that runs on combustible gas, with a power of 37,000 kj/hr.

Abstract: A modular swimming pool water heating system including a first casing for mounting in an attic of a building, a heat exchange unit removably mounted in said first casing, an opening in said first casing permitting access to the interior of the first casing for receiving said heat exchanger, a cover removably mounted on said casing for closing said opening, an inlet manifold on said heat exchanger for introducing swimming pool water into said heat exchanger, said inlet manifold extending through said cover on said first casing when the first casing is closed, an outlet manifold on said heat exchanger for returning water to a swimming pool, said outlet manifold extending through said cover on said first casing when the first casing is closed, inlet sleeves for removable attachment to one side of said first casing for introducing air into the casing, fan units for removable mounting on a second side of said first casing opposite said one side for drawing air into said first casing and through said heat exchange

Abstract: A baseboard system includes baseboard units through which conduits extend carrying heated fluids, and moldings about the free ends of the baseboards, to provide a generally uniform external surface configuration. The moldings are in the nature of conventional moldings made of wood, pressed wood, plastic or the like. The use of the moldings with the baseboards provides an efficient, cost-effective system that produces a uniform appearance and facilitates cleaning.

Abstract: A baseboard heating apparatus includes housing sections that may be connected together and mounted to a mount, such as a plurality of brackets. A portion of a housing may be elastically deformed to engage the housing with a mount. The housing may be pivotally mounted to a mount at a position near a wall or other surface to allow the housing to be rotated open and allow access to the interior of the housing. A bracket may have a lower portion that both supports a heat exchanger and engages with a housing. A connector for interconnecting housing sections may have a groove into which a housing section is inserted.

Abstract: An air purging circulator is provided with a frustoconical reservoir, which promotes separation of dissolved and captured air form the water in a hydronic home heating system, to prevent stalling of the circulator and reduction or elimination of noise associated with air contained in the hydronic system.

Abstract: A manifold connects three boiler circuits and a heat exchanger circuit and an indirect cylinder heated exchanger circuit of a central heating system together. The manifold comprises a container which defines a hollow interior region which is divided by a horizontally extending partition plate into an upper flow water region and a lower return water region. First ports are provided for connecting flow pipes of the circuits into the flow water region of the manifold and second ports are provided for connecting the return pipes of the circuits into the return water region of the manifold. A communicating opening and apertures in the partition plate communicate the flow and return water regions. The partition plate stratifies the water within the hollow interior region so that the hottest flow water is above while the cooler return water is below the partition plate.

Abstract: A manifold for distributing a circulating fluid, such as water, to multiple zones of a hydronic system, such as a hot water heating system. The manifold is of unitary construction and includes a plurality of distribution branches and an air scoop extending from a common header conduit. The air scoop extracts air from the water being circulated through the manifold. The air scoop may be coupled to an air vent to purge air from the water. The manifold may also include an expansion tank coupling that is disposed on the header conduit to couple the tank to the header conduit. The air scoop may include a housing affixed to the header conduit and a baffle that protrudes into the header conduit to direct air into the housing so that it can be vented through the air vent. The baffle may be angled relative to the longitudinal axis of the header conduit.

Abstract: A manifold system for distributing fluid from a single source to multiple locations is shown and described. The manifold system receives a single source of a fluid, such as water, which then is used for multiple purposes. The manifold system has an outlet structure to the provide water at a desired pressure to the pressure vessel for make-up feedwater, a structure that includes a mixer that provides hot water at a desired temperature range, an outlet structure that provides water at a predetermined pressure to water heating system, which may include a heating coil that provides an input to the mixer, and an outlet structure that includes a safety device that monitors the pressure in the manifold. The mixer receives as an input the hot water from the outlet of the heating coil. The hot water from the heating coil is mixed with cold water from within the manifold in the correct proportions to produce hot water within a desired temperature range.

Abstract: An improved closed loop variable volume water heating or cooling system having one or more work units for supplying heated or cooling water to a heating or cooling system which includes a dual purpose water mixing and air separator vessel. This vessel includes two inlets and one outlet port disposed in predetermined locations in the side walls of said vessel to receive and mix return water from the system and water bypassed from the work units prior to communicating this mixture to the supply inlet of the work units. The inlet ports are offset from the centerline of the vessel to cause entrained air to separate from the water streams and rise to exit the vessel through an air vent disposed in an upper portion of the vessel.