Abstract: Apparatus for the separation of mixtures of materials of different consistencies, such as meat and bone, or sewage containing solid material, comprises a positive displacement pump feeding the pressurized mixture to a separator which can be separate from the pump or an integral part of its structure. The pump comprises a rotary vaned pump with radially-moving vanes of fixed length operating with both their ends always in sealing engagement with the wall of an internal cam also constituting a wall of the pump chamber. The vanes are provided with cutting edges able to shear material such as bone that enters the pump, so that the pump is not jammed thereby.

Abstract: An improved food crusher is described in which a grinder housing is formed with a food chamber and a food transport in the form of a screw. Inner and outer grinder disks are employed wherein the inner disk is removably mounted to the housing in a stationary position and the outer disk is removably affixed to the screw with coupling means that provide positive drive connection to the screw with axial retention, yet enables convenient removal from the screw. The coupling means includes a hammer shaped tip that is an integral part of the screw and which fits through a correspondingly preferentially shaped hole in the outer disk to enable the tip to be turned after passage to lock the outer disk to the screw. Disassembly of the food grinder involves a reverse motion of the screw to disengage the outer disk from the screw followed by simple removal of the inner disk from the housing.

Abstract: A feed worm located at the bottom of an infeeding hopper is shaped in the form of at least one convolution or turn, without a central core or shaft. The sharp edge or knife edge of the feed worm lying forwardmost in the direction of rotation attacks a block of frozen meat at a location higher than by using previously known feed worms having a central shaft and core. The central shaft or core prevents the frozen block from moving in the downward direction as far as is possible with a feed worm devoid of a core or central shaft. The feed worm includes a thick-walled tube of steel in which over one-half of the tube has been cut away along helical surfaces forming sharp edges with the outside surface of the tube.

Abstract: The disclosed machine is adapted to separate meat and other soft components from bone and other relatively hard components of meat, fish and other food materials, pieces of which are dumped into a hopper containing a pair of overlapping, oppositely rotating left and right hand feed screws for feeding the pieces into overlapping pump bores in a pump casing. The pump bores are provided with oppositely rotating left and right hand pump screws for pumping the pieces along the bores to develop pumping pressure, whereby the pieces are forced into a hollow separator casing having a tubular tapering separator screen with a multiplicity of perforations therein. A tapered pressure auger is rotatable in the screen for pressing meat and other soft components through the perforations while transporting bone and other hard components past the screen to a discharge device for discharging the hard components while maintaining pressure in the separator casing.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing thermo-mechanical pulp from wood chips and the like in which the chips are first heated in a steaming chamber or preheater to a fiber temperature below the softening point of the lignin of middle lamella section of the wood fibers. The thus heated chips are conveyed in a sealed system to the inlet of a defibrating zone enclosed within a housing in a gaseous atmosphere of superatmospheric pressure, where it is compressed by a screw conveyor into a plug which seals the defibrator housing against blow-back of the pressurized gaseous medium.

Abstract: Apparatus for refining pulp stock which is ground in an inclined grinding zone extending from a peripherally outer portion of a pair of opposed disc members which rotate relative to one another within a housing. The pulp stock is advanced by a conveyor into a central opening between the opposed disc members, from which opening it is accelerated radially towards the grinding zone under the influence of the centrifugal force generated by the rotational movement of the disc members by means of a plurality of sector-shaped channels defined between the opposed disc members.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for separating vapor from refined cellulosic material are disclosed. The method includes discharging the refined cellulosic material downwardly through an inlet opening into a discharge chamber maintained at substantially the same pressure as the refiner, deflecting the vapor laterally with respect to that cellulosic material, passing the vapor through the discharge chamber at a flow rate of less than 15 meters/sec. so that the cellulosic material carried by the vapor is separated from the vapor by sedimentation, and discharging the cellulosic material from the discharge chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for controlling the effect of centrifugal force on pulp stock while being ground in the grinding space of a defibrating apparatus. The grinding space includes a central portion, a first grinding zone defined between first and second rotatable grinding discs and extending outwards from the central portion, and a second grinding zone extending angularly from the outer end of the first grinding zone and being defined between one of the rotatable grinding discs and a stationary grinding surface. Pulp stock to be ground is introduced into the central portion and accelerated through the first and second grinding zones by centrifugal force generated by the rotating discs. The angular second grinding zone serves to retard centrifugal force acting on the pulp in the second grinding zone to increase the dwell time of the pulp in the grinding space for achieving optimum refining efficiency.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for continuously conveying particulate compressible fibrous material from a first zone at a first gas pressure to a second zone at a second gas pressure with a pressure differential therebetween of at least 0.5 bar while retaining the prevailing gas pressure in each zone, which comprises:(1) continuously compressing the particulate material in the first zone into a gas-containing but gas-impermeable mass extending across the interface between the two zones;(2) continuously passing the mass of material out from the first zone into the second zone while maintaining the gas pressure within the mass constant at the gas pressure of the first zone; and(3) continuously breaking up the mass entering the second zone into particulate material.

Abstract: A beater for refining fibre slurries, such as paper pulp, and for refining lump goods, such as wood chips and shavings comprises a central rotor and two outer fixed parts surrounding the rotor. The rotor is provided with two ring-shaped beater means and each of the two outer parts is provided with a ring-shaped beater means to form two beater zones between the beater means, one zone on each side of the rotor, in which zones the goods to be refined are treated during passage thereof substantially radially outwardly and as a result of the relative rotation between the rotor and the outer parts. The rotor has a cavity with an axial inlet for the goods to be refined and radially converging, substantially V-shaped defining walls, in which walls holes are arranged through which the goods can be passed to respective zones via passages formed between the rotor and the surrounding parts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for controlling the effect of centrifugal force on pulp stock while being ground in the grinding space of a defibrating apparatus defined between a pair of grinding discs which rotate relative to one another in a fluid environment under superatmospheric pressure and corresponding elevated temperature. The grinding space includes a central portion, a first outwardly extending grinding space and a second outer grinding zone extending at an inclined angle from the first grinding zone. Pulp stock to be ground is introduced into the central portion and accelerated through the first and second grinding zones by centrifugal force generated by the rotating discs. The inclined grinding zone serves to split the centrifugal force into a vector perpendicular to the direction of flow of the pulp material and a vector aligned with the axial flow to reduce the accelerating force on the pulp grist in the direction of outward flow.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a cylindrical casing having a pipe for admitting starting material. An auger feeder is accommodated in the casing having a working head and a nozzle having a central passage for feeding out hydrolysate mass. The nozzle is connected to the casing and is mounted coaxially with and in a radially spaced relation to the head. The working head comprises two truncated cones interconnected at larger bases thereof and is rigidly secured to the auger feeder. The central passage of the nozzle is made narrowing towards the outlet and embraces the second truncated cone of the head in the path of flow of the starting material.

Abstract: A coaxial feeder for connection to the inlet of a disc refiner includes a channel defining means which contains a bladed screw the blade of which has a relatively short axial length and is housed to position coaxially of the discs, to which it feeds material for refining purposes, and in concentric spaced relation to the wall structure which bounds said channel. The material to be refined is introduced to the down side of the screw blade. At the outer periphery of the blade, at the lowermost limit of its travel, is a bar or plate-like control device which is substantially coextensive with the blade and arranged to specifically direct material to the space between the discs of the related refiner with minimal interference or disruption. The control device presents a surface to the material moved on the down side of the screw blade which effectively inhibits bypass of material to the upside of the blade, having regard for the direction of its rotation in use.

Abstract: Grinding apparatus in which lignocellulosic material such as wood chips is ground between a pair of grinding discs which rotate relatively to one another within a housing into which the material is advanced through a feed-in opening by means of a feed screw which rotates in a concentric sleeve extending between the central feed-in opening and an intake opening for the material. The feed screw comprises a series of inner screw flights mounted on a central shaft, which screw flights support and are enveloped by a series of outer ribbon-like screw flights. The inner screw flights are designed primarily to propel the material radially outwards towards the wall of the surrounding sleeve, whereas the outer ribbon-like screw flights are designed primarily to advance the material in an axial direction towards the central feed-in opening.

Abstract: A household cereal mill is constructed wth the axis of symmetry of coaxial stationary and rotatable millstones in a horizontal alignment. The driveshaft for the rotating millstone passes through the center of the stationary millstone, and the bearing bushings supporting the driveshaft are inserted into the fixed or stationary millstone. Grain is fed into the conically expanding milling gap between the millstones from above, through a supply channel passing through the matrix of the stationary millstone at a location above the intersection of the apex of the milling gap cone and the centerline of the driveshaft. A spiral spring is employed as a conveyor worm for feed kernels, and is affixed on the outer surface of the driveshaft in a position underlying the supply passage.

Abstract: Refiner comprising a feed means feeding material to be refined, such as wood chips or paper pulp, into a gap between grinding disks and comprising a tubular jacket housing a feed screw rotating about its axis and having in its top surface an aperture for material infeed from a container located above and into the jacket, and said refiner comprising at least one rotating grinding disk. The feed screw has been connected by a coupling to the rotating disk and derives its rotary motion from the rotary motion of the grinding disk.

Abstract: A motor-driven grinding machine or unit has been provided to enable consumer-selected food items, such as nut kernels and grains to be quickly, uniformly and efficiently ground to a desired consistency in his or her presence. The machine has a chute with a motor-controlling lid that is adapted to receive selected food items and to feed them to a rotating auger shaft which extends into a processing housing. Food items are then advanced substantially radially outwardly between a pair of heads having opposed disc-like grinding surfaces, each of which has a set of inner, widely spaced-apart, relatively coarse teeth and an outer, relatively finer, closely spaced-apart set of teeth between which the food is advanced while the auger shaft rotates one of the heads and the food items are being ground and advanced between the surfaces strategically designed and positioned in a positive manner to reduce them to a desired uniform particle size.

Abstract: A counter-rotating disk type pulping apparatus is modified to yield paper products of improved properties. Each of the two facing counter-rotating disks is modified so as to comprise a plurality of concentric rotatable rings which are driven at increasing rotational velocities from the innermost ring outward.

Abstract: A device for evacuating blow-back steam in a pulp refining apparatus in which lignocellulosic pulp stock is ground in an environment of superatmospheric steam in a grinding space defined between a pair of grinding members which rotate relatively to one another in a closed housing having a feed-in opening into which the pulp stock is advanced by means of a feed screw which rotates within a feed-in passage. A jacket having a perforate wall is arranged about the feed-in passage for receiving the blow-back steam separated from the pulp stock, and which steam is evacuated therefrom through a conduit connected to the jacket. The feed screw rotates in close proximity to the perforate wall to maintain it free of pulp stock particles.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a jam resistant shredder-feed device for advancing and comminuting elongate materials, such as copper wire scrap, plastic mold runners and the like. In accordance with the invention, an auger assembly is rotated within a cylindrical housing, the auger assembly advancing the materials to be comminuted toward a stationary knife or breaker. The device is characterized by the employment of one or more idler auger sections adjacent the stationary knife, the upstream and downstream ends of the idler section or sections themselves defining knives, as does the downstream end of the feed auger, the respective knife portions being preferably spaced apart in a longitudinal direction by distances slightly greater than the average thickness of materials to be processed.

Abstract: A document shredder which comprises a strip cutter to cut waste document into strips, a chip cutter to cut the strips into chips, and a minuting device disposed downstream of the chip cutters to cut the chips into pulp-like mass. The minuting device includes a housing having a conical surface formed with cutting teeth, and a conical rotary body formed with cutting teeth in engagement the cutting teeth of the housing.

Abstract: Grinding apparatus for grinding grain and the like includes a pair of mutually facing grinding discs, a first of which has an opening centrally located therein, and a second of which has a support shaft extending from the center of the grinding face thereof through the opening of the first disc for mounting on the drive shaft of a motor. The first disc is fixedly mounted on support structure while the second disc is rotatable with rotation of the motor drive shaft. Included with the support shaft is biasing apparatus for urging the support shaft and second disc outwardly of the motor drive shaft against a bearing member disposed on the support structure. Each of the grinding discs includes a plurality of teeth extending radially inwardly toward the center of the disc, and a plurality of channels formed in the front face of the discs in a cross-hatched pattern.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus in which lignocellulosic material is ground between a pair of discs which rotate relatively to one another in a pressurized housing. The stock is advanced by means of a screw feeder, through a central opening in the disc housing and introduced into the grinding space between the discs under maintenance of the pressure within the housing. Excessive high-pressure steam or other gas generated during the grinding process is separated from the ground stock, which is returned to the grinding space by centrifugal force, while the steam or other gas freed of stock particles is discharged without interfering with the stock inflow.

Abstract: This disclosure deals with apparatus for grinding kitchen wastes or garbage into particles sufficiently small that they may be carried away by ordinary sewage facilities. The apparatus includes means forming a passage into which the wastes are disposed, a spirally grooved or screw-shaped member rotatably mounted in the passage, a pair of grinding members mounted at the outlet of the passage, the grinding members being movable relative to each other and forming a waste receiving space therebetween, and impeller means in the space for moving waste from the passage into the space. The screw-shaped member both shreds the waste and moves the wastes through the passage. The grinding members grind the waste between them into a paste-like consistency and the impeller also shreds the waste.

Abstract: A double disc refiner for wood products solves the problems caused by steam generation in the refining space between the feed end disc and another disc. This problem is solved by the use of a separate steam removal channel connected to an inlet passage closely adjacent the feed end disc and at a location between the feed end disc and a means for feeding wood materials into the inlet passage at one end thereof. The means for feeding wood materials feeds the materials through the inlet passage and thereafter into the refining space through openings in the feed end disc.

Abstract: An apparatus for grinding hard grains and similar materials having a unique force feed arrangement which insures uniform material feed to the grinding members and a resulting uniform output of ground material from the apparatus.

Abstract: A nut grinder of the type having: a front grinding chamber containing a rear inlet; a rear feeding chamber containing an upper downwardly-open hopper terminating in a lower upwardly-open trough having a front end outlet opening; a fluted tunnel connecting the front outlet opening of said trough with the rear inlet opening of the grinding chamber; a grinder in the grinding chamber including a rotatable grinding element; and a motorized screw conveyor extending through the trough and fluted tunnel and connected to drive the rotatable grinding element for nut grinding purposes. That portion of the screw conveyor, underlying the hopper, is provided with L-shaped cuts in its spiral turns at spaced 180.degree. intervals. The leg of each L-shaped cut extends tangentially to the spiral screw conveyor at or adjacent the base of its spiral flights while the foot of the L extends radially and preferably leans forwardly in the direction of rotation.

Abstract: A dough mixer having a chopper section and a mixer section. The chopper section is at the inlet end of the mixer and includes a series of blades spaced longitudinally on a mixer shaft. The chopper blades are disposed in a plurality of planes normal to the shaft's axis, and extend outwardly from that shaft through a grilled floor in an inlet hopper, thereby insuring a complete and thorough break up of recycled dough. The mixer section is downstream of the chopper section and also includes a series of blades fixed to the mixer shaft. The mixer blades are also disposed in a plurality of planes normal to the shaft's axis but the mixer blades within each plane are angulated or pitched relative to that plane. Further, the mixer blades increase in pitch between succeeding planes from the inlet end to the outlet end of the mixer section, thereby insuring a homogeneous dough. The dough is exhausted from the dough mixer by gravity through an outlet port.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating synthetic resin waste containing thermoplastic synthetic resin and various foreign matter which often contain volatile matter. This apparatus makes it possible to produce articles, from the resin waste, having good mechanical properties by first driving off volatile matter. The apparatus is especially usable for producing long, bar-shaped products, large-sized cylindrical products, piles, sleepers, or molding flasks for concrete works.

Abstract: An apparatus for the continuous dispersion and fine grinding of substances in a liquid or liquefiable dispersion medium, comprises of a cylindrical vessel, in the grinding chamber of which is disposed a coaxial stirrer shaft, which is adapted to be driven rotationally and is equipped with mixing tools, and a filling of grinding elements, the grinding chamber being immediately preceded by a device for mixing the substances with the dispersion medium.