Abstract: A hub and a member, the member having a central opening. The hub is received in the member central opening. The hub has a center, and a hub axis through the center. The hub also has a splined exterior with a plurality of splines, each spline having a spline surface, and the member central opening has internal splines that engage with the hub splined exterior. At least one of the hub splines has a wear indicator, the wear indicator comprising a surface mark that extends along a portion of the spline surface in the same direction as the hub axis.

Abstract: An improved grinding mill that utilizes mill stones that minimizing the mechanical processes required to regulating the mill stones and allow an user to gain quick and easy access to the mill stones by removing a hopper. In addition, to provide a base frame for the mill that secures both mechanical and electrical parts including the mill housing to reduce manufacture and repair time.

Abstract: A preliminary size reduction device for a ball mill or agitator ball mill and a ball mill with a preliminary size reduction device, wherein the preliminary size reduction device is disposed between a grinding stock inlet of the ball mill or agitator ball mill and a grinding chamber and includes a first size reduction mechanism constituted stationary and a second, rotationally mobile size reduction mechanism, between which a size reduction gap is formed. The first size reduction mechanism constituted stationary is a size reduction ring disposed in the grinding container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a three-stage millstone including an upper stone having a grain inlet and an inlet path, a middle stone disposed under the upper stone for causing grain, introduced through the inlet path, to move to an edge thereof and grinding the grain using compressive force between the upper and middle stones, a lower stone disposed under the middle stone for secondarily grinding the grain using compressive force between the middle and lower stones, the upper surface of the lower stone being wider than the lower surface of the middle stone and being inclined downward to allow the ground grain to inwardly move from the edge of the middle stone to the center of the lower stone, the lower stone having a grain outlet passage, a rotation device for enabling rotation of the middle stone, other than the upper and lower stones, and an actuator for rotating the middle stone.

Abstract: A coffee grinding machine includes a base, a motor and a grinding device. The motor is mounted in the base. The base has a top face provided with a platform for mounting the grinding device. The grinding device includes an outer cutter and an inner cutter. A bearing is mounted on the outer cutter to drive the outer cutter so that the outer cutter is rotated above the inner cutter to grind the falling coffee beans into coffee powders. Thus, the coffee powders fall down vertically and will not remain in the grinding device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved mill, and in particular to an improved mill having a drum with several blades that rotates within a housing having several bars affixed near the bottom of the housing. In one embodiment, the mill has a hopper for introducing feed into the housing and a motor assembly for turning the drum within the housing. Several bars are stationarily fixed within the housing. The drum has several blades spaced remote from a central shaft which are supported by a plurality of discs. Each disc has a plurality of holes there through. The blades have an ear at the end proximal the housing outlet to propel the milled feed from the mill. An internal path is provided wherein the feed is likely to make several passes between the blades and the bars, and is unlikely to short circuit within the mill.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for processing materials such as granular matter mined from deposits, comprising a tubular container disposed upright and an axle device provided centered therein. A processing chamber for receiving the material to be processed is provided between the axle device and the inner wall of the tubular container. The tubular container is driven rotatingly. Engaging dogs are provided in the processing chamber as working elements.

Abstract: The apparatus is characterized by having a tubular member (4) in vertical posture; quantitative discharge means (7) capable of feeding out a solid raw material (6) at a constant rate, disposed inferiorly to the tubular member (4); and altitude control means (10) for control of the altitude of a liquid raw material (8), so that quantitative discharge is effected by placing the solid raw material (6) and the liquid raw material (8) in the tubular member (4) and, while controlling the altitude of the liquid raw material (8), feeding the mixture to the quantitative discharge means (7) by the own weight of the solid raw material (6).

Abstract: An automatic and continuous rubber extracting device comprises a first grinding stone having a central opening and second grinding stone rotatable mounted against the first grinding stone. The first grinding stone is a top stone and the second grinding stone is a bottom stone. A cone is disposed within the central opening of the first grinding stone. A motor apparatus is provided for rotating the bottom stone and the cone. A screw feed is in communication with the central opening of the first grinding stone. Plant material from the screw feed is fed along the cone and between the first grinding stone and second grinding stone. The cone may be provided with grooves and recesses along an lateral surface thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an auto-feed built-in a paper shredder, including a pair of bisecting lids that are each provided at an inside thereof with a paper press, a paper receiving compartment, an auto-feed, and a paper shredding device located exactly below the auto-feed, wherein the auto-feed includes a paper tray, a paper inlet and two roller assemblies; the paper inlet and the paper shredding device located therebelow are aligned along an identical central axis; the two roller assemblies are provided at opposing sides of the paper inlet in parallel and project into the paper tray, whereby after placing a pile of paper into the paper receiving compartment to be supported by the paper tray, and closing the bisecting lids, the paper presses provided at the insides of the lids would apply a force against the pile of paper, such that a bottommost paper of the pile of paper would be folded in half by the two rollers rotating towards each other and then fed into the paper inlet to be subsequently shredded by the paper shre

Abstract: A fibrous slurry refiner includes a casing, a rotor secured to a rotor shaft, and first and second pluralities of grinding surfaces. The rotor is disposed within the casing and is rotatable via the rotor shaft. The first plurality of grinding surfaces is secured to the rotor, and the second plurality of grinding surfaces is disposed facing the first plurality of grinding surfaces and fixed in the casing. An inlet plate for each of the plurality of grinding surfaces directs the fibrous slurry toward a set of facing first and second grinding surfaces and imparts a rotary flow to the fibrous slurry.

Abstract: The present invention provides an in-line system for milling sorbent material to be used in a pneumatic conveying system. The system provides for optimal particle size in a duct injection system, regardless of the original sorbent particle size, and is designed to prevent clogging of the milled material through the system. Methods of operation for milling, as well as cleaning the mills while providing various sorbent material by-pass configurations to minimize system down-time while enhancing material throughput and that support the unique aspects of the system, are also described in detail below.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blasting medium picking-apart device comprising: a hopper-shaped container having an upper opening through which a blasting medium is put in; a blade attached to a rotary shaft which is mounted along the central axis of the container, for applying a shear force to the blasting medium when the blade is rotated; a first shearing plate attached to an inner surface of the container for applying a shear force to the blasting medium between the rotating blade and the first shearing plate; an annular horizontal plane fixed to a lower opening of the container; a rotary plate which is attached to the rotary shaft, and is disposed opposite to the horizontal plane with a predetermined space therebetween; a second shearing plate attached to the rotary plate; and a rotation drive section for driving the blade and the rotary plate for rotation via the rotary shaft.

Abstract: Automatic dosage unit for dosage of a product into a collecting unit, said dosage unit comprising a grinding device, which is arranged to prepare, e.g. grind or mill, a product, and an identification device. The collecting unit comprises a handle, which is adapted to hold a container, such as a bag, and an adjustable part, and in that the identification device is arranged to identify a setting of the adjustable part of the collecting unit and on the basis of this setting dose a predetermined amount of the product into the container.

Abstract: A refiner including a material-admitting inlet and an outlet; and spaced apart first and second refining discs mounted in the chamber. The refiner further includes a rotary third ref refining disc disposed between the first and second discs. A first path for the movement of material from the inlet is defined between the first and third refining disks. A second path for the movement of material to the outlet is defined between the second and third refining disks. The refiner further includes a shaft extending through a central opening provided in the first disc, and a hub rigid with the shaft and having a center, the hub being received in the third refining disc central opening. The hub has at least one port in the hub from the first path to the second path and between the third refining disc central opening and the center of the hub.

Abstract: A chipping apparatus includes a housing arranged about an axis of rotation and a chipping system within the housing rotating in a predefined direction about an axis of rotation. The chipping system has chipping tools that form a circular or ring-shaped chipping zone. The housing is divided into the sectors I, II, III and IV in the direction of rotation, with a material outlet being arranged in sector I. The axis of rotation of the chipping system is arranged eccentrically, with respect to a central axis of the housing, in the region of sector I or II. In this way, a uniformly widening flow channel is produced between the chipping tools and the housing, even when the housing is circular in cross-section. The constant volume increase in the flow channel toward the material outlet prevents an increasing material density, which can cause blockages in the material flow.

Abstract: The device comprises a stator with gear rings and a rotor with teeth meshing with the teeth of the stator. Between arms of the rotor protrudes a guiding funnel that concentrates the material flow coming in from above to the central area of the container. The outer surface of the guiding funnel defines an annular gap throttling the material flow. At the rotor, a feed screw is provided that feeds towards the working region of the device. The guiding funnel retains the product in the active region of the device and the feed screw generates an increased material pressure in the center.

Abstract: A gas-flow type chipping machine with a rotating beater-wheel system. In order to chip the feed material, this material is delivered axially into the central area of the beater wheel, where it is deflected and moved in a radial direction to the chipper tools that are arranged in a circle around the beater wheel. In order to ensure that the wear is even along the length of the chipper tools, at least two impact surfaces are arranged so as to be axially staggered to the depth of the chipping space, the impact surface that follows in the axial direction of delivery projecting beyond the axial projection of the preceding impact surface. In addition to the foregoing, the present invention discloses a method for optimizing the size and position of the impact surfaces of a chipping machine according to the present invention.

Abstract: A low shearing curved surface granulator for bulk feed consists of a feeding mechanism and a granulating mechanism; wherein the mainbody of the feeding mechanism is a cylindrical body, the main part of the granulating mechanism is a groove pipe with flanges on both its ends, the groove pipe is longitudinally mounted on the cylindrical body, and the granulator is provided with a ball comber board and a ball scraper. A sector plate is mounted parallel to the cylindrical body on the inner cavity baseplane of the cylindrical body in the feeding mechanism; a driving wheel is set up under the sector plate; a sliding pin is fastened in the driving wheel; the sliding pin fits in with a slide way opened on the sector plate, which slides up and down in the slide way following rotating of the driving wheel, and the sector plate is made to swing repeatedly around the pin in the cylindrical body. The granulator performs massive feeding in one time, can greatly reduce labor.

Abstract: A system for producing a suitable fuel from waste material including a dispersion tank in which is located a rotary dispersion and agitation system comprising external vanes, rotary and stationary plates having opposing faces fitted with intermeshing shear blocks, forming an attrition zone therebetween for grinding and dispersing solids in a liquid blend stock. A method is provided for varying the displacement between the shear blocks to control the fineness of the grinding of the waste material. A method is provided for discharging metal from the dispersion tank and a pump is provided for circulating liquid from the dispersion tank to an accumulation tank and for recirculating the liquid from the accumulation tank to the dispersion tank. Feeding systems are provided for delivering solid waste material to the dispersion tank and include systems for grinding drums containing waste material, expressing waste material from the drums and auguring waste material from the drums.

Abstract: The grinding unit comprises a grinding rotor unit, incorporating a inlet screw member, a conical grinding tool member, a delivery dish member and a gear unit. A dog clutch is operationally inserted between the delivery dish member and the gear unit. A safety clutch is operationally inserted between delivery dish member and grinding tool which limits the torque to be transmitted. The safety clutch is provided with ball members located in axially running bores of the delivery dish member and being axially displaceable in these bores. The ball members are forced against the front face of the grinding tool and partially engage apertures provided therein under the influence of spring members assigned to each ball member. The delivery dish member is provided at its surface which faces the grinding tool member with a metallic disc member in which are located the mouths of axial bores containing the spring pressure loaded ball members.

Abstract: A material flow inducing device for use in a material grinding apparatus. The grinding apparatus includes a grinding mechanism for grinding material, a motor for driving the grinding mechanism, and a hopper portion for holding a quantity of material for grinding in the grinding mechanism during a grinding operation. The flow inducing device includes a stirring member having extending arms which curve in a direction complimentary to a direction of rotation of the stirring member. The arms of the stirring member are compressibly flexible. Also included in the flow-inducing portion is an auger positioned between the stirring member and the grinding mechanism. Both the stirring member and the auger are operatively associated with the motor such that the stirring and auger rotate during a grinding operation. A material metering portion is positioned in the grinding apparatus in a surrounding relation to the auger member and has multiple downwardly spiraling inwardly sloping troughs formed in a top surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for the crushing or grinding of fibrous material, wet or mixed with water, preferably chips, with an engine-driven horizontally supported rotor having at least two crushing or grinding elements or grinding plates whose surfaces are inclined to the rotor axis of extend approximately normally thereto, and have diameters increasing away from at least one material feed which is directed approximately radially to the rotor axis or approximately tangentially to the rotor or stator, and a housing receiving the rotor having corresponding inner wall and opposing crushing or grinding surface or grinding plates forming grinding gaps inclined to the rotor axis or extending approximately normally thereto and being adjustable between crushing or grinding elements or grinding plates of the rotor as well as corresponding opposing crushing or grinding elements or grinding plates or the like of the interior housing walls.

Abstract: A medical waste disposal system is provided for disposing of biologically contaminated waste material situated inside a rigid, form-stable container. The disposal system includes a processing unit for shredding the waste material into a shredded mass and for transporting the shredded mass into a disintegrator. The disintegrator mixes the shredded mass with a liquid disinfectant solution to disinfect the shredded mass and disintegrates the shredded mass into an unrecognizable particulate waste material.

Abstract: Apparatus for refining lignocellulose containing material is disclosed, including a refiner housing including a pair of refiner discs relatively rotatable about a pair of rotatable shafts. Each refiner disc includes a refiner element mounted thereon in a face-to-face relationship defining a refiner gap therebetween. The apparatus includes feed passages passing through the first refiner discs at a location proximate to the rotatable shaft for feeding the lignocellulose-containing material to the refiner gap element and the first refiner disc includes feeding wings corresponding to the feed passages and located partially in front of each such feed passage to accelerate the lignocellulose-containing material into the refiner gap, while the second refiner disc includes a substantially smooth surface portion at a location juxtaposed with the location of the feed passages in the first refiner disc.

Abstract: A transfergrinder device for grinding a feed material. The transfergrinder device includes a grinding stator assembly and a grinding rotor assembly disposed generally axially concentric within the grinding stator assembly. The grinding stator assembly and grinding rotor assembly are maintained in generally spaced relationship from each other to define a grinding plane therebetween.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for obtaining a uniform ground sample of grain, seeds and other foodstuff of a lot to be tested for make-up composition including presence of mycotoxins. A planetary grinder is employed having for example three peripheral discharge outlets, two of which are of uniform size and the third of which has a restricted outlet to discharge a test sample, such as 6% of the entire lot being ground. The test sample has been found to have a closely similar composition to the entire lot and can be subjected to analysis of one type or another with confidence of its representative composition.

Abstract: Disc crusher having a housing fitted on a supporting frame and closed by a cover bearing an input tube, within the housing there being fitted a rotary disc and a rotary cone. The disc and cone form a crushing zone between them. The rotary disc rotates about a horizontal axis and the rotary cone rotates about a horizontal axis which intersects the rotary disc at its center. Preferably, the rotary cone forms an angle of from 40 to 80 degrees with the vertical working surface of the rotary disc. As a result of such arrangement the crushing zone is of rectangular shape.

Abstract: A machine for grinding nuts, more particularly peanuts and for making pure peanut butter. A hopper is provided for the peanuts. The peanuts are delivered to grinding discs, one of which is rotated. The peanuts are delivered through a tubular passageway having in it a member with a helical rib for forcibly delivering the peanuts to the grinding means. The ground material, namely, the peanut butter, after passing the grinding means is delivered into a removable cup. Heat is applied automatically to provide temperature for proper operation of the machine. Preferably, the machine is automatic and is coin operated.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates an improved material moving apparatus which is particularly useful for blowing insulation material into portions of various structures. The apparatus includes: a hopper, having a chamber; a hopper blade assembly; a blower assembly; and a discharge conduit. The material is discharged into the hopper chamber, contacted by the hopper blade assembly, and moved through the blower assembly into the discharge conduit for discharging the material from the material moving apparatus.

Abstract: The feed and vent apparatus as illustrated comprises a pair of tubes, one constituting an infeed and the other a primary vent tube, joined by an adapter to form an essentially V-shaped structure at the apex of which is an opening from one end of each tube. Material feed means which bridge and substantially fill the cross section of the infeed tube receive the material to be refined from an integrated hopper by way of an opening in the tube which extends a substantial portion of its length. A similar opening in the upper side of the primary vent tube leads to an extension of the escape passage defined thereby the cross section of which is sharply and abruptly expanded. The lowermost portion of the primary vent tube embodies, in a limited portion of its cross section means for receiving and carrying solids attempting to pass through the primary and secondary portions of the escape passage defined by the vent tube and its extension back to the refiner to which the V-shaped structure is connected.

Abstract: Chips of scrap wood having a length at least twice the desired length of shavings for the making of particle board panels, as considered in the direction of grain, are fed into a rotor having an annulus of blades which split the chips in the direction of grain and feed the comminuted chips into the range of stationary comb-like knives serving to subdivide the split chips into shavings of ultimate length.

Abstract: A cutting device of an apparatus for comminuting food products has two cutting rings located concentrically to one another and rotatable relative to one another about a common axis, so that an annular slot is bounded therebetween. The cutting rings have a plurality of axially extending teeth formed between axially extending slots, and the teeth of at least one cutting ring carry cutting members of hard alloy. Each of the cutting members of this one cutting disc completely overlaps a front surface of a respective one of the teeth and has two axially extending edges facing toward the annular slot between the cutting rings. One of these edges is a cutting edge, whereas the other of these edges forms, together with the cutting edge of a circumferentially adjacent tooth, a cutting gap.

Abstract: A household cereal mill is constructed wth the axis of symmetry of coaxial stationary and rotatable millstones in a horizontal alignment. The driveshaft for the rotating millstone passes through the center of the stationary millstone, and the bearing bushings supporting the driveshaft are inserted into the fixed or stationary millstone. Grain is fed into the conically expanding milling gap between the millstones from above, through a supply channel passing through the matrix of the stationary millstone at a location above the intersection of the apex of the milling gap cone and the centerline of the driveshaft. A spiral spring is employed as a conveyor worm for feed kernels, and is affixed on the outer surface of the driveshaft in a position underlying the supply passage.

Abstract: A rotary mill for milling particulate material is described.

Abstract: A device for reconstituting used coffee grounds for re-use, including a cup for receiving the coffee grounds, means for heating the cup, means for stirring the coffee grounds within the cup, valve means disposed beneath the cup for controlling the flow of the coffee grounds out of the bottom of the cup, grinding means beneath the cup and valve means for receiving the coffee grounds and for grinding the coffee grounds, and a receptacle for receiving and storing the coffee grounds as the coffee grounds exit from the grinding means.

Abstract: Apparatus for comminuting industrial and/or bulky domestic waste materials has an upright housing with a funnel-shaped section located above a stationary counterknife which cooperates with a single rotary knife therebelow or with two rotary knifes respectively disposed thereabove and therebelow. The inner side of the funnel-shaped housing section has a downwardly sloping spiral surface which advances waste material downwardly toward the upper rotary knife or toward the counterknife and whose upper portion flares outwardly and downwardly at a gradually diminishing angle with respect to the common axis of the knives. The lower portion of the spiral surface merges gradually into the upper portion and thereupon flares outwardly and upwardly with respect to the common axis. A feeding device which rotates with the rotary knife or knives extends into the funnel-shaped section and has one or more arms whose edge portions resemble spirals or helices having a lead opposite to that of the spiral surface.

Abstract: A comminuter for metal turnings and the like has a rotor rotatable on a support about a fixed axis and carrying at least one outer rotor element and at least one inner rotor element which define a cylindrical orbit on rotation of the rotor. A housing surrounds this rotor and is formed by a U-shaped upwardly open portion of non-tapering cross-sectional shape and a flat cover part engageable over the open upper side and openable in order to clear a jam in the machine. Stator elements carried on this housing are spaced slightly from the rotor element so that as the rotor turns turnings and the like fed to the machine will be comminuted and passed from an inlet to an outlet end.

Abstract: Apparatus for refining fibrous materials is disclosed, including first and second refining discs defining a refining space therebetween, a passageway for feeding fibrous material to said refining space from the outer surface of one of said refining discs, a funnel for feeding fibrous material to the outer surface of that refining disc at a first rate, and including an element mounted on the shaft on which said refining discs rotate for injecting the fibrous material into the passage at an increased velocity as compared to that rate. Preferably the element mounted on the shaft comprises a sleeve and includes an annular disc mounted on the sleeve and a plurality of radially projecting members affixed to the face of the annular disc facing the passage through the refining disc.

Abstract: A grinding mill having a feeding chamber for directing grain between grinding stones where it is ground into flour and from where it is discharged into a turbine chamber. Means are provided for directing cooling air into the turbine chamber, across the rotating grinding stone, and centrifugally out of the housing through a tangential discharge nozzle. The relative position of the grinding stones is easily varied by using a control handle to move the drive shaft of the motor, on which the rotating grinding stone is mounted. The position of the control handle is fixed by wedging it to a portion of the mill housing.

Abstract: A matched pair of coaxial milling wheels for small flour mills such as those used in homes. A stationary milling wheel and an adjacent rotatable milling wheel each have a common central axis. Each includes first and second radial surfaces spaced along the axis. The adjacent faces of the wheels have a center cavity extending axially inward and defining the inner periphery of an annular milling face extending to the wheel periphery. Complementary grooves are formed in the milling face of both wheels to feed grain radially outward from the central cavities and to assist in cracking and grinding the particles to a fine state. The wheels are formed integrally from fired stoneware and have machined flat annular rims about the milling faces to assure accurate final grinding of the particles before they exit from the space between the two wheels.

Abstract: A grinding mill for home and commercial use for grinding dry type grains and like material to given consistencies by a pair of disc like grinding and cutting surfaces one pivotally movable relative to the other for cleaning and maintenance purposes.

Abstract: A portable flour mill includes a fixed grinding wheel and a rotatable grinding wheel located inside a box-like housing. The fixed grinding wheel has a smooth and a tapered portion on its grinding face and is fastened to a removable interior wall of the housing. The rotatable grinding wheel has five symmetrically arranged V-shaped radial grooves on its grinding face and is journaled for rotation in a fixed interior wall opposite the fixed grinding wheel. The fixed grinding wheel is provided with an entranceway for receiving the grain which is to be ground. A feed hopper rests on a plate fixed to the removable interior wall and includes an exitway coincident with the entranceway of the fixed wheel. The wheels are selectively spaced apart with each other to grind different types of grain. Means for adjusting the spacing between the two wheels are disclosed.

Abstract: A home flour mill for family use having a stationary stone supported by one wall of an outer housing, an electric motor driving a revolving stone cooperable with the stationary stone to accomplish the grinding, a threaded rod and double lock nut means for moving the electric motor and its associated stone toward and away from the fixed stone. Feeding and discharging hopper means and passageway means for leading grain to and from the area between the stones, and bag retaining means in the outer housing to hold a bag to receive the ground flour. A removable cover and internal support means for the motor, hopper, and associated structure; and further rod means for retaining the stationary stone in position and parallel to the rotating stone.

Abstract: A mill for grinding flour and the like. Two flat grinding discs are mounted in opposed relation to one another. One disc is non-rotatably mounted with respect to the housing that supports it, while the other is rotated by a motor drive. The non-rotatable disc coaxially supports the shaft for the rotatable disc. The non-rotatable disc can be adjusted axially to vary the spacing between the grinding surfaces of the respective discs. Provision is also made for yieldable movement between the discs in response to the grinding load.

Abstract: A grinding mill arranged in a housing having a stone grinding wheel turned by a power source such that a face thereof moves over a fixed grinding stone. Grain deposited between faces thereof is ground into meal or flour and falls into a receptacle preferably in the housing that can be removed therefrom. The invention provides a feed arrangement for passing whole grain from a trough, through an opening in the fixed grinding stone to a location between the faces.Adjustment of spacing between the faces of the stone grinding wheel and fixed grinding stone is provided by the inclusion of a manually turnable shaft arrangement that attaches to a threaded sleeve fixed to the electric motor. The turning of the shaft draws the electric motor toward or urges it away from a fixed point to shift the electric motor within the housing, so as to vary, as desired, the spacing between the faces.

Abstract: The movement of material being ground and/or to be ground within a grinding apparatus having opposed grinding wheels can be employed in order to promote the flow of the material to generally between the grinding wheels. A grinding apparatus to utilize such movement for this purpose has in addition to the grinding wheels a structure for causing relative rotation between the wheels, an inlet opening leading through the center of one of the wheels to generally between the wheels, and a hopper for conveying material through this opening to generally between the wheels. In addition, such an apparatus includes a shaft rotatably mounted on a bearing between the hopper and a finger or agitator extending from the shaft generally toward and preferably to within the opening in the grinding wheel, at least a portion of this finger or agitator being spaced from the axis of the shaft.

Abstract: Apparatus for emulsifying sausage batter and the like wherein sausage batter to be emulsified is first gravity fed from a hopper into the inlet of a comminuting chamber. The batter is then impelled radially outwardly into a rotating centrifugal trap which is adapted to centrifugally remove impurities such as metal particles and to direct the material downwardly through a series of alternately rotatable and non-rotatable perforate rings. The interaction of the rings comminutes and emulsifies the batter as it passes therethrough, whereupon it exits vertically from the lowermost of a series of rings and is swept by rotating blades into a tangentially disposed discharge conduit.

Abstract: A disc refiner for pulp has a housing defining a chamber with an inlet and an outlet, three coaxial discs mounted in the chamber, and a shaft which rotates the central disc and extends with clearance through a large opening in one of the outer discs. The other outer disc is adjustable axially toward and away from the central disc and the central disc is movable axially of the shaft between the two outer discs. The stock enters via inlet and passes through the opening of the one outer disc. A portion of stock thereupon passes radially outwardly between the one outer disc and the central disc to be comminuted by ribs on the adjacent surfaces of the one outer disc and the central disc. The remaining portion of stock flows through several relatively large openings of the central disc and thereupon radially outwardly toward the outlet by passing between ribs provided on the neighboring surfaces of the central disc and the other outer disc. Each of the discs is a one-piece body.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of a wholly mechanical pulp of improved strength properties. The lignocellulosic material is fed into a substantially closed chamber where it is mechanically abraded under a power input of fifteen or more horsepower days per ton. During the abrading step, the material is maintained in an inert gaseous atmosphere of a pressure of ten to eighty psig, preferably twenty to forty psig.